基于Tent-ASO-BP的短期电力负荷预测模型

针对短期电力负荷预测精度低与可靠性差的问题,设计一种基于Tent-ASO-BP的电力短期负荷预测模型。该模型利用了Tent混沌映射的方法,设计了一种原子种群初始化方法,其在保证个体的同时选出适应度最优的个体,增强原子种群在分布空间的均匀性,进而加快ASO算法的收敛;同时引入自适应,增加该算法的局部探索和开发能力;将改进的ASO算法应用于BP神经网络参数优化,搭建了Tent-ASO-BP预测模型对短期电力负荷进行预测。使用Matlab工具进行仿真,通过对Tent-ASO-BP、ASO-BP和BP三种算法进行实验对比,结果表明,Tent-ASO-BP网络预测模型的RMSE、MAE和MAPE分别为32.736 MW,51.783 MW和6.623%,相比于ASO-BP和BP网络预测模型有明显减少,得出该模型具有更强的迭代能力和更强的局部寻优能力,为电力系统短期电力负荷预测提供依据,具有普遍的指导意义。

Rapid Measurement of Short Fiber Content on Hertel Sample

This paper offers a new method of measuring short fiber content of cotton fibers. The method is composed of two parts: one is Hertel sampling and the other is image testing. With the help of fiber mixer, a thin and even cotton net is obtained on which we can get Hertel sample by using a sliver clamp. The near micro optical mechanism consists of one large area CCD and one lens with long focus. This mechanism is able to measure every cotton fiber of the test beard accurately and makes it possible to measure accumulating fibers’ amounts. On this base we can calculate short fiber content of cotton, and the experiment results show that this method is efficient.

Constitutive modeling of viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior of short fiber reinforced polymers coupled with anisotropic damage and moisture effects

In this paper, a combined viscoelasticity-viscoplasticity model, coupled with anisotropic damage and moisture effects, is developed for short fiber reinforced polymers (SFRPs) with different fiber contents and subjected to a variety of strain rates. In our model, a rate-dependent yield surface for the matrix phase is employed to identify initial yielding of the material. When an SFRP is loaded at small deformation before yielding, its viscoelastic behavior can be described using the generalized Maxwell model, while when plasticity occurs, a scalar internal state variable (ISV) is used to capture the hardening behavior caused by the polymeric constituent of the composite. The material degradation due to the moisture absorption of the composite is modeled by employing another type of ISV with different evolution equations. The complicated damage state of the SFRPs is captured by a second rank tensor, which is further decomposed to model the subscale damage mechanisms of micro-voids/cracks nucleation, growth and coalescence. It is concluded that the proposed constitutive model can be used to accurately describe complicated behaviors of SFRPs because the results predicted from the model are in good agreement with the experimental data.

SOLIDIFYING STRUCTURES OF Al_2O_3 SHORT FIBER／Al－Si ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITE PREPARED BY SQUEEZE CASTING

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Effects of Radial-Orientation-Die Structure Parameters on Properties of Short Fiber and Rubber Composite Material

The radial-orientation-die has special structure to make short fibers get radial orientation in rubber matrix during extrusion process,which means the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber and rubber composite material will be influenced by the die different structures. The effects of radial-orientation-die structure parameters on properties of short fiber and rubber composite were studied experimentally by different structure parameters, including expansion ratio, expansion angle, dam clearance, molding channel length, convergence angle, and transition channel length. The experimental results indicated that short fiber and rubber composite could get good properties with optimized radial-orientation-die structure parameter. And the optimized structure parameters are that expansion ratio is about 5with an expansion angle of 150°,dam clearance is about 4 mm,molding channel length is about 50 mm,convergence angle is about120°,and transition channel length is about 30 mm. Accordingly,the physical and mechanical properties of the composite can be remarkably improved,which give an obvious anisotropy.

Solidification microstructures in a short fiber reinforced alloy composite containing different fiber fractions

The solidification microstructures and micro-segregation of a fiber reinforced Al-9 Cu alloy, containing different volume fractions of Al2O3 short fibers about 6 μm diameter and made by squeeze casting have been studied. The results indicate that as volume fraction of fiber Vf increases, the size of final grains becomes finer in the matrix. If λf /λ>1, the fibers have almost no influence on the solidification behavior of the matrix, so the final grains grow coarse, where λf is the average inter-fiber spacing and λ is the secondary dendrite arm spacing. While if λf /λ<1, the growth of crystals in the matrix is affected significantly by the fibers and the grain size is reduced to the value of the inter-fiber spacing. The fibers influence the average length of a solidification volume element L of the matrix and also influence the solidification time θt of the matrix. As a result of fibers influencing L and θt, the micro-segregation in the matrix is improved when the composite contains more fibers, although the level of the improvement is slight. The Clyne-Kurz model can be used to semi-quantitatively analyze the relationship between Vf and the volume fraction fe of the micro-segregation eutectic structure.

Thermal-mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer matrix composites subjected to thermal load

Short carbon fiber preform reinforced geopolymer composites containing different contents of α-Al2O3 filler (Cf(α-Al2O3)/geopolymer composites) were fabricated,and the effects of heat treatment temperatures up to 1 200 ℃ on the thermal-mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the thermal shrinkage in the direction perpendicular to the lamination of the composites gradually increases with the increase of the heat treatment temperatures from room temperature (25 ℃) to 1 000 ℃. However,the composites in the direction parallel to the lamination show an expansion behavior. Beyond 1 000 ℃,in the two directions the composites exhibit a larger degree of shrinkage due to the densification and crystallization. The mechanical properties of the composites show the minimum values in the temperature range from 600 to 800 ℃ as the hydration water of geopolymer matrix is lost. The addition of α-Al2O3 particle filler into the composites clearly increases the onset crystalline temperature of leucite (KAlSi2O6) from the amorphous geopolymer matrix. In addition,the addition of α-Al2O3 particles into the composites can not only help to keep volume stable at high temperatures but also effectively improve the mechanical properties of the composites subjected to thermal load to a certain extent. The main toughening mechanisms of the composites subjected to thermal load are attributed to fiber pulling-out.

Aging behavior of Al_2O_3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu alloy composites

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu composites containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% Cu were fabricated by a squeeze casting technique. The as-cast Al2O3/Al-Cu composites were solution treated at 535 ℃ and then aged at 170, 190 and 210 ℃, respectively. Age hardening behavior of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the samples at different aging temperatures and aging time. Microstructures of the composites were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results indicate that the hardness of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites containing 7% Cu is much higher than that containing 1%-5% Cu because of the large amount of CuAl2 precipitant in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composite. With the increase of Cu content from 1% to 7%, the time needed for the appearance of peak hardness shortened, indicating that the addition of Cu can accelerate the kinetic of CuAl2 precipitation in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites. The Al2O3/Al-Cu composite containing 7% Cu shows the highest increment of hardness by aging treatment. Therefore, in order to get a higher peak hardness, the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites need more Cu addition as compared with the un-reinforced Al-Cu alloys.

Radial Orientation Mechanism and Experimental Research of Short Fiber in Tread Compound

Combining with Jeffery equation and mechanics model of fixed point of Euler rigid body,the mechanism and method of short fiber radial orientation and characteristics of movement in tread extrusion process were studied.The influences of tension flow field and shear flow field in flow channel on short fiber orientation have been systemically analyzed.The extrusion die,which had a hinder dam by adopting such principle,was designed.The results show that the expansion ratio and expanding angle of cross section are the key factors to determine the radial orientation of short fiber.Mathematical model of short fiber radial orientation was established.The results also show that the best expansion ratio is 3-4,the expanding angle is 75°,obtaining the average orientation angle between 70°-80°,and the rationality of the radial oriented mechanism and the mathematical model are verified.

Comparison between the preparation,structure and mechanical properties of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics and short fiber reinforced thermoplastic

<正>This article summarizes the comparison between the preparation,structure and mechanical properties of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics(LFT) and short fiber reinforced thermoplastics(SFT).Both of the experiment and theory results showed that the mechanical properties of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics pellets(LGFRT) have been enhanced better than that of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics pellets(SGFRT) manufactured by molding procession.After regulation of the relative humidity by 50%,the mechanical properties of 30%(weight percent) short glass fiber content in SFT(SFT-PA6-SGF30) are similar to that of 40%long glass fiber content in LFT.However, the density of the latter is about 17%lower than that of the former.Thus,the corresponding weight of products is reduced by 13%;output rate is increased by 21%,and the cost is therefore significantly lowered.And it has the following advantages;impact strength is increased by 87%;the proportion is reduced by 20%;molding cycle is shortened by 10%;materials cost is saved by 20%~ 30%and the final total cost is saved by 30%~ 40%.So LFT (LFT-PP-LGF40 ) can replace SFT(SFT-PA6-SGF30) with the similar basic mechanical properties under normal temperature or 160℃lower.

An Application of the Modified Shear Lag Model to Study the Influence of Thermal Residual Stresses on the Stiffness and Yield Strength of Short Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The modified shear lag model proposed recently was applied to calculate thermal residual stresses and subsequent stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings. The expressions for the elastic moduli and the yield strengths under tensile and compressive loadings were derived which take account of thermal residual stresses. The asymmetries in the elastic modulus and the yield strength were interpreted using the derived expressions and the obtained results of the stress calculations. The model predictions have exhibited good agreements with the experimental results and also with the other theoretical predictions

Distribution and segregation of solute in Al_2O_3 short fiber reinforced Al-5%Cu alloy containing La by squeeze casting

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced La-bearing Al-5%Cu alloy was fabricated by squeeze casting,and the solidified structure and the solute segregation during alloy solidification were studied.The results indicated that La has been enriched near the interface which is favorable to improve the wettability between the fiber and Al alloy,but the RE-rich phase was not formed at the interface.At the end of the solidification of the composites,the change of the solute in the surplus liquid phase results in the type of matrix alloy being changed because of the selective crystallization,and the segregation at the interface is finally formed.There is no special influence by La on the Cu segregation in the matrix alloy.

STRAIN REGULARITY IN REINFORCERS OF SHORT-FIBER/ WHISKER REINFORCED COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION

Based on the study of strain distribution in short-fiber/whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, a deformation characteristic parameter λ is defined as the ratio of the root-mean-square strain of reinforcers to the macro-linear strain along the same direction. Quantitative relation between λ and microstructure parameters of the composite is obtained. As an example of applying and verifying λ, the stress-strain curve of ［AlBO］w/Al composite under tensile loading is predicted and favorably compared with experiments. By using λ, the stiffness modulus of the composite with arbitrary reinforcer orientation under any loading condition is predicted from the microstructure parameters of material.

Fabrication of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced AZ91D Alloy by Infiltration-Extrusion Integrated Technique

Short carbon fiber reinforced AZ91D alloy (Csf/AZ91D) was fabricated by the infiltration-extrusion method. The short carbon fiber preform was infiltrated with melted AZ91D alloy under the assistant of gas pressure. The extrusion processing was applied following the infiltration processing directly. The tensile property and microstructure of the Csf/AZ91D and that of the die-casting and extruded AZ91D alloy was compared. The results show that the short carbon fiber reinforced AZ91D alloy present excellent tensile property. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of Csf/AZ91D is about 50% and 18% higher than that of cast AZ91D alloy, respectively. The elongation to fracture of Csf/AZ91D is about 50% lower than that of AZ91D alloy.

Effect of Grinding Techniques on Absorbing Characteristics of Short Iron Fibers

Microwave-absorbing properties of iron fibers can be adjusted by their aspect ratio. This paper presents several modification techniques for grinding long iron fibers to a suitable aspect ratio. The grinding instruments include pulsator, jet mill and muller. The aspect ratio distribution, microstructure, electromagnetic parameter and reflectivity of the samples were analyzed and discussed in detail. The results show that the fractions of 5〈aspect ratio〈40 for the three methods are 69.03%, 81.11% and 80.2% , respectively, that is, suitable short iron fibers can be obtained by the jet mill and muller. Furthermore, the short iron fibers milled by jet mill and muller have better absorbing propterties than those obtained by the pulsator under the same condition. Therefore, their microwave absorption properties can be improved by regulating the electromagnetic parameters with grinding.

Study on Microwave Dielectric Property of Carbon Black and Short Carbon Fibers

Carbon black and carbon fibers of different lengths were introduced in different matrices at different ratios to explore their microwave dielectric properties under 8.2 GHz-12.4 GHz. It is found that the actual dielectric constants of the samples containing carbon black are in a two-order function of the contents of carbon black （ε＇, ε＂=Av2＋Bv＋C） and the complex dielectric constants show an obvious frequency response. Of the added fibers of different lengths, the 4 mm-long one could well disperse in the matrices having not only good frequency response, but also larger real parts, imaginary parts and loss values. The imaginary parts and the loss values （tanδ）of the samples with 4 mm-long carbon fibers added increase linearly with the contents of fiber increasing. So it is practicable to adjust the dielectric parameters of the material in a wide range by changing the added amount of carbon black, and the carbon fiber or altering the lengths of the carbon fiber added.

Effects of Matrix Features on Stress Transfer of Short Fiber Composites

By employing the elastic and elastic plastic finite element method(FEM), the effects of matrix feature on the stress transfer mechanisms of short fiber composites are studied. In the calculation, the variations in matrix modulus, yield strength and hardening modulus are considered. It is concluded that large deformation of matrix is harmful to the improvement of the mechanical performances of the composites.

Sawdust Short Fiber Reinforced Epoxidized Natural Rubber: Insight on Its Mechanical, Physical, and Thermal Aspects

In this work,Epoxidized natural rubber/sawdust short fiber(ENR-50/SD)composites at different fiber content(5,10,15 and 20 phr)and size(fine size at 60–100μm and coarse size at 10–20 mm)were prepared using two-roll mill and electrical-hydraulic hot press machine respectively.Curing characteristics,water uptake,tensile,morphological,physical,and thermal properties of the composites were investigated.Results indicated that the scorch time and cure time became shorter whereas torque improved as SD content increase.Though the decline of tensile strength and elongation at break values,modulus,hardness and crosslinking density have shown enhancements with the increasing of SD content.The water uptake percentage of all samples has shown an increasing as SD content increase.However,the low SD content,particularly fine size have presented lower water uptake.The temperature of weight%loss(5 and 50 wt%loss)of 5 phr SD(low content)have recorded higher temperature compared to 20 phr SD(high content)in the rubber composites,which indicated higher thermal stability.The fine size of SD has recorded better overall properties than SD coarse size at same loading in the rubber composites.

基于CNN-BiLSTM-Attention模型的光纤非线性损伤补偿算法

克尔效应和色散对相干光纤通信系统的传输距离和数据容量有极大限制。为了补偿光纤传输中的非线性损伤,结合卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)、双向长短期记忆网络(bi-directional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)和注意力机制(attention)的特点,提出了一种基于CNN-BiLSTM-Attention模型的光纤非线性损伤补偿算法,并在DP-16QAM 30Gbaud的相干光通信系统中进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,与CNN-BiLSTM模型相比,在1200 km的传输距离下,该算法以降低0.03~0.23 dB的Q因子为代价,使复杂度降低了约31.6%;在相似复杂度下,该算法在最佳传输功率下的Q因子提高了0.43 dB。