Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages.It plays important role in administering landslide.It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock.To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force,according to need of study,this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide,and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion,strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model.The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

New method of designing anti-slide piles——the strength reduction FEM

At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

厚软土层下高层建筑长短桩复合地基承载性能研究

为了提升厚软土层下高层建筑地基的承载力,提出长短桩复合地基承载性能研究。基于地质勘测结果设计长短桩复合地基,分析其承载性状及沉降情况;利用Mohr-Coulomb模型,完成承载性能模拟。实验结果显示:在短桩和长桩桩体的单桩承载载荷最大时,沉降结果均在5.00 cm左右;楼体层高为30.00 m时,单位载荷沉降平均值为0.51 cm。所提方法能够可靠分析厚软土层的高层建筑长短桩复合地基承载性能,为厚软土层的高层建筑长短桩复合地基设计提供可靠依据。

方形基坑尺寸效应对长短桩围护结构支护效果的影响

为研究方形基坑尺寸效应对长短桩围护结构支护效果的影响,以某桥梁承台基坑为依托,采用数值分析手段,通过现场实测对选用参数进行验证,依托选用参数拟定不同平面尺寸计算工况,通过地层应力与桩后土压力变化分析其尺寸效应;通过对比长短桩围护结构与等长桩围护结构的变形受力差异,探明尺寸效应对长短桩围护结构支护效果的影响。结果表明:当方形基坑尺寸较小时,在坑边一定距离处会形成连续、封闭的“类圆形”拱区域,存在与圆形基坑中环箍效应相似的“类环箍效应”,算例表明该效应在边长大于18.0 m后环箍断开,效应消失;当拱区域封闭为环箍时,围护结构桩后土压力显著降低,当其不封闭时,土压力增长,坑边中部桩后土压力增长量大于坑角处;长短桩围护结构的支护效果在尺寸效应越强的方形基坑中降低越少,基坑的尺寸效应对其变形及稳定有利,算例中边长小于等于14.4 m的基坑可充分利用其尺寸效应,采用长短桩代替等长桩围护,做到绿色环保。

基于Bi-LSTM的浅层地下双孔洞探测技术

文章探究一种基于深度学习的浅层地下孔洞探测技术,以应对地下孔洞给桩基施工安全所造成的严重威胁。基于浅层地震反射波法的原理,采用基础施工过程中的桩锤激震作为激励源,通过在探测区域地表上布置少量加速度传感器采集孔洞反射信号,并将反射信号作为深度学习的输入,以输出孔洞信息,建立一种新型的智能孔洞探测方法。结果表明,双向长短期记忆神经网络(bidirectional long short-term memory neural network,Bi-LSTM)的预测模型对于地下双孔洞的工况具有较高的识别准确率,在容许误差为2 m的情况下,孔洞位置和直径的预测准确率可达95.3%。该研究验证了基于深度学习的多孔洞探测技术的可行性,有望为施工前期土层地质状况的评估提供技术保障。

长短桩组合支护在深厚软土基坑中的应用研究

基坑的支护桩通常采用等桩长布置,而在深厚软土地区的基坑工程中,围护桩需要嵌入软土以下的好土,所以桩长较长,等桩长布置的情况下经济性较差。为了研究部分围护桩嵌入好土的长短桩组合支护在深厚软土基坑中的作用及表现,采用现行设计方法计算全长桩支护和全短桩支护情况下围护桩的结构内力和变形,由此估计采用长短桩组合支护情况下围护桩的变形应介于全长桩支护和全短桩支护之间;进一步通过三维数值模拟对不同长度的长短桩组合支护进行对比分析,确定了合适的短桩桩长,然后将分析结果用于指导实际项目设计并对项目展开监测。研究表明:(1)长短桩组合支护的短桩桩长可截取至全长桩支护条件下围护桩弯矩计算的第二个反弯点,实现短桩与长桩共同受力、协调变形;(2)论文中给出的基于现行设计计算软件的长短桩组合支护设计计算方法是可行的;(3)长短桩组合支护设计方法可有效节约工程造价。研究成果可为深厚软土基坑工程提供参考。

斜锚短桩基础受力特性与控制因素研究

我国西南山区地形陡峭,存在着大量覆盖层薄、下覆基岩工程性状较好但开挖难度大的复合地层,不利于输电铁塔基础建设。针对该问题,采用斜锚短柱基础作为输电铁塔基础,该基础可以在减小开挖深度、降低施工难度的同时充分利用基岩的承载性能。为了探究斜锚短桩基础受力特性与主要控制因素,运用FLAC3D建立数值模型,探讨了锚杆锚筋直径和锚杆角度对斜锚短桩基础的抗拔承载特性影响。结果表明:在荷载较大时,随着锚筋直径增大,锚杆结构承载比例有明显上升,但若锚筋直径过大,锚杆的承载比例随锚筋直径增加而提升空间较小;锚杆角度减小,斜锚短桩基础在纯上拔荷载作用下的抗拔承载能力提高,但其对水平荷载的抵抗能力会减弱;综合考虑,在粉砂岩地层中,锚筋直径40 mm,锚杆角度25°为斜锚短桩基础最优设计参数。

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

软岩地基斜锚-短桩复合基础水平承载性能研究

针对山区输电线路岩石地基斜锚-短桩复合基础这一新型基础型式,采用有限元方法构建并验证计算模型,并进一步以短桩的桩径及其嵌岩深度、斜锚长度、斜锚连接节点距地表深度为参数,开展嵌岩短桩及斜锚-短桩复合基础抗水平承载性能对比研究。基于斜锚-短桩复合基础水平荷载-位移曲线初始弹性段、弹塑性过渡段和直线破坏段的三阶段变化特征,确定了各基础相应阶段的水平承载力。研究岩体及桩身截面混凝土应力分布特征、斜锚与短桩连接节点位置对斜锚-短桩复合基础抗水平承载性能的影响规律,结果表明:斜锚与岩体间的黏结锚固作用可将基顶水平力转化为斜锚拉力,使水平荷载传递至斜锚周围及短桩桩端以下的岩体,进而有效提高斜锚-短桩复合基础水平承载性能。通过优化斜锚连接节点距地表深度,可减小桩径及其嵌岩深度同时满足相应基础抗水平承载力设计要求,从而有效降低基础施工难度,提高基础安全性。

Deformation Mechanism and Design Countermeasures of Tunnel Portal in Volcanic Deposit Clay Stratum

Shortly after tunneling,problems such as primary-support through cracks and clearance infringement are found in the shallow-buried section of tunnel No.4 of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR),and orthogonal cracks can be found on the earth surface in front of the working face,which brings great challenges to the tunnel construction.In view of the above engineering problems,the sliding surface is speculated according to the geological and field conditions,and the impact of landslides is applied in the model in the form of external load.The paper uses the numerical simulation method to analyze and compare the impact of landslides on the tunnel structure and deformation,and puts forward the reinforcement measures.The conclusions of the studies are:(1)under the influence of heavy rainfall,the strength index of volcanic deposit clay stratum drops sharply,and meanwhile the multiple factors including tunnel excavation are liable to cause sliding of the front slope;(2)parallel landslide in front of the tunnel has a great impact on the tunnel,so setting-up of pre-reinforcement measures to control landslide shall be the focus of similar projects during design;(3)the deformation and stress of the tunnel structure can be significantly controlled for safe construction by strengthening the shallow-buried tunnel with pile foundation and longitudinal and transverse beam frames during landslide.

基于电化学阻抗谱的锂电池模组短路故障诊断方法研究

电化学阻抗谱能够反映电池内部关键状态信息,利用电化学阻抗谱可实现对电池的监测及故障诊断,避免发生安全事故。针对电动汽车在充电时发生安全事故的概率最高且大部分是由电池短路所引起的问题,设计了一种能够在电池充放电时提取电池模组与电池单体阻抗信息的充电桩装置,对锂电池模组短路故障诊断方法进行了研究。首先,详述了所设计充电桩的拓扑与控制方法以及电池模组阻抗测量的原理;然后,通过仿真验证了充电桩可以在对电池模组进行充放电的同时提取其阻抗信息,并分析对比了两种扰动信号的优劣、不同程度短路故障下电池单体与电池模组的阻抗变化以及不同支路的电池发生短路时对模组阻抗的影响;最后,得到了短路故障下电池单体与电池模组的阻抗谱都会缩小并向左移动,并且短路电池越集中在同一支路,模组的阻抗变化越明显的结论。

黄土地区长短桩基桩竖向承载特性研究

文中利用有限元模型,开展桩长比、长桩模量、端间土模量比以及加载量对桩基承载性能的影响研究。结果表明,桩长比与桩身沉降呈先快速下降、后缓慢下降关系,合理的桩长比为2.17;长桩模量与桩身沉降呈负相关关系,合理的长桩模量为1500 kPa;端间土模量比与桩身沉降呈负相关关系,端间土模量比为3时最为合理;不同桩长比、长桩模量、端间土模量比条件下,长桩桩身轴力与深度呈负相关关系;不同加载量条件下,长桩的桩身轴力与深度呈先缓慢增加、后缓慢降低的负相关关系,该现象随着加载量的增加而不断显著。随着桩长比、长桩模量、端间土模量比以及加载量的增加,长桩的桩身轴力不断增加。

淤泥填海地层盾构近距穿越既有隧道变形控制

研究目的:为保障淤泥填海地层中新建盾构隧道小净距上跨既有隧道施工过程,以及运营过程中隧道变形控制需求,本文基于深圳地铁5号线上跨既有11号线隧道工程,采用数值模拟对软弱地层加固方案进行比选,提出相应的变形控制措施,并结合施工过程中的变形监测验证加固方案的可靠性。研究结论:(1)提出了基于提高隧道长期抗变形能力的地层旋喷桩加固方案,当隧道两侧加固宽度大于5 m后,宽度增加对减小隧道水平收敛的影响不明显;(2)上述地层加固方案相较于未采取加固措施,可以使下卧既有隧道的上浮变形、地表沉降分别减小44%和86%,满足施工期变形控制需求;(3)施工期实测数据表明下卧既有隧道最大上浮变形为3.2 mm,沿线最大地表沉降为5 mm,均满足变形控制要求,验证了地层加固措施的可靠性;(4)本研究成果对淤泥填海地层盾构穿越节点工程的施工具有一定的借鉴意义。

厦门地区预制中短管桩抗压承载力统计分析

本文收集了厦门地区27根φ500预制中短管桩(桩长为4.9~14.8m,桩端持力层为黏性土—强风化花岗岩)的抗压静载试验结果,采用极差法、修正箱线图法和勘察规范统计法对27根桩的抗压极限承载力分九种情况进行了归纳分析与统计,得出了预制中短管桩桩长宜按15m界定,其对应的短桩效应承载力折减经验系数为0.84等具有实际应用价值的经验参数,同时也剖析了极差法、修正箱线图法和勘察规范统计法的优缺点。

软土地区基坑长短桩支护及监测数据分析

为研究软土地区基坑长短桩支护的应用效果,以典型软土基坑长短桩支护方案为研究对象,通过地层特性和设计要点分析长短桩支护在该项目中的可行性,利用监测数据和支护桩受力分析在基坑开挖过程中长短桩的受力特性。研究表明:在软土-黏土-软土地层条件下,长短桩支护方式能保证基坑的安全和稳定。通过现场监测可得,长桩承担更多的弯矩,主要起嵌固与抗倾覆的作用;短桩与长短一起承担与传递土压力的作用。研究结果可为类似地层软土基坑支护提供指导。