Monthly gravity field solution from GRACE range measurements using modified short arc approach

In this paper we present a series of monthly gravity field solutions from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） range measurements using modified short arc approach,in which the ambiguity of range measurements is eliminated via differentiating two adjacent range measurements.The data used for developing our monthly gravity field model are same as Tongji-GRACEOl model except that the range measurements are used to replace the range rate measurements,and our model is truncated to degree and order 60,spanning Jan.2004 to Dec.2010 also same as Tongji-GRACE01 model.Based on the comparison results of the C_（2,0）,C_（2,1）,S_（2,1）,and C_（15,15）,S_（15,15）,time series and the global mass change signals as well as the mass change time series in Amazon area of our model with those of Tongji-GRACE01 model,we can conclude that our monthly gravity field model is comparable with Tongji-GRACE01 monthly model.

DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF WELD POOL SHAPE FOR CO_2 SHORT CIRCUITING ARC WELDING

A general industrial CCD( ICCD) camera is redesigned to detect the weld pool without arc at the period of short circuiting, so that the interference of arc and spatter during CO2 short circuiting arc welding is eliminated. Through the analysis of weld pool image, both size parameters (such as weld pool area A, weld pool length L1, L2 and weld pool breadth b) and contour parameters (b, which describe the curves of weld pool boundany) ,which could indicate the shape features of weld pool, had been defined to express weld pool information quantitatively. The investigation of the relationships between weld pool shape parameters and welding process parameters may be beneficial to the quality control of CO2 welding.

Study on chaos in short circuit gas metal arc welding process

Based on the chaos theory, an idea is put forward to analyze the short circuit Gas Metal Arc Welding （ GMAW-S） process. The theory of phase space reconstruction and related algorithms such as mutual information and so on, are applied to analyze the chaos of the GMAW-S process. The largest Lyapunov exponents of some current time series are calculated, and the results indicate that chaos exists in the GMAW-S process. The research of the chaos in the GMAW-S process can be help to get new knowledge of the process.

Short-circuit process model in underwater welding using rotating arc sensor

In order to detecting and tracking along the weld seam with rotating arc sensor in underwater welding,the highpressure water environment rotating arc welding hardware platform is established and welding experiments using rotating arc sensor is done. Different radius of rotating arc sensor is used. And the corresponding welding current and voltage is obtained,which is compared with the results of rotating arc sensor short-circuit process simulation model under high-pressure water environment established in this article. The results show that under high-pressure water environment,rotating arc radius should be optimized,otherwise the short-circuit-arcing cycle will transit to a short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle,making the welding quality poor. At last the critical radius between the short-circuit-arcing cycle and short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle under high-pressure water environment is obtained.

Analyses of fear memory in Arc/Arg3.1-deficient mice: intact short-term memory and impaired long-term and remote memory

Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) was originally identified in patients with seizures. It is densely distributed in the hip-pocampus and amygdala in particular. Because the expression of Arc/Arg3.1 is regulated by nerve in-puts, it is thought to be an immediate early gene. As shown both in vitro and in vivo, Arc/Arg3.1 is in-volved in synaptic consolidation and regulates some forms of learning and memory in rats and mice [1,2]. Furthermore, a recent study suggests that Arc/Arg3.1 may play a significant role in signal transmission via AMPA-type glutamate receptors [3-5]. Therefore, we conducted a detailed analysis of fear memory in Arc/Arg3.1-deficient mice. As previously reported, the knockout animals exhib-ited impaired fear memory in both contextual and cued test situations. Although Arc/Arg3.1-deficient mice showed almost the same performance as wild-type littermates 4 hr after a conditioning trial, their performance was impaired in the retention test after 24 hr or longer, either with or without reconsolidation. Immunohistochemical analyses showed an abnormal density of GluR1 in the hip-pocampus of Arc/Arg3.1-deficient mice;however, an application of AMPA potentiator did not improve memory performance in the mutant mice. Memory impairment in Arc/Arg3.1-deficient mice is so ro-bust that the mice provide a useful tool for devel-oping treatments for memory impairment.

Effects of current waveform parameters during droplet transfer on spatter in high speed waveform controlled Short-circuiting GMAW

Aim at improving the stability of the Short-circuiting Gas Metal Arc Welding （GMAW-S） process for the enhanced speed usage, effects of current waveform parameters during short-term on the welding stability have been investigated by experimental method. The welding power source used for the research is an inverter with a special current waveform control. It is shown that the spatter decreases at first then increases with each increase of the low current period, current increase rate and the maximum current limit. The test results are provided for welding of 1 mm and 3 mm mild steel at speed of 1.2 m/min. The stable GMA W-S process under high speed welding condition has been achieved by optimizing the parameters.

Effect of welding speed and electrode extension on the approximate entropy of welding current in short-circuiting GMAW

Based on the phase space reconstruction of welding current in short-circuiting transfer arc welding under carbon dioxide, the approximate entropy of welding current and its standard deviation have been calculated and analyzed at different welding speeds and different electrode extensions respectively. The experimental and calculated results show that at a certain arc voltage, wire feeding rate and gas flow rate, welding speed and electrode extension have significant effects not only on the approximate entropy of welding current, but also on the stability of welding process. Further analysis proves that when the welding speed and electrode extension are in an appropriate range respectively, the welding current approximate entropy attains maximum and its standard deviation minimum. Just under such circumstances, the welding process is in the most stable state.

Development of a high current short pulse electron gun

Dielectric wall accelerator(DWA), towards high gradient acceleration field(30 MeV/m–100 MeV/m), is under development at Institute of Modern Physics. A prototype was designed and constructed to prove the principle. This needs a short pulse high current electron source to match the acceleration field generated by the Blumlein-type pulse forming lines(PFLs). In this paper, we report the design and test of a new type short pulse high current electron gun based on principle of vacuum arc discharge. Electron beams of 100 mA with pulse width of 10 ns were obtained.

Process disturbances monitoring and recognition of short-circuiting GMAW by fuzzy c-means system

An intelligent fuzzy c-means system for process monitoring and recognition of process disturbances during short- circuiting gas metal arc welding （GMAW） is introduced in this paper. The raw measured and statistically test data of probability density distribution （ PDD ） and class frequency distribution （ CFD ） of welding electrical parameters are further processed into a 7-dimensional array which is designed to describe various welding conditions, and is employed as input vector of the intelligent fuzzy c-means system. The fuzzy c-means system is used to conduct process monitoring and automatic recognition. The correct recognition rate of 24 test data under 8 kinds of welding condition is 92%.

A new simulation model and its application in CO_2 short-circuiting transfer welding

A new simulation model of CO 2 short circuiting transfer welding may be employed to develop a new pattern of welding machine and to predict welding process parameters to obtain the optimum welding technology properties. In this paper, a new simulating model is developed according to the AWP (adapting welding physics process) waveform control method. Good agreement is shown between the predicted and experimentally determined results. The model will make an important promotion in the development of CO 2 arc welding technique.

电源类型对短电弧-电化学复合加工放电凹坑影响研究

放电凹坑大小影响着加工表面形貌的一致性,放电凹坑的凸起高度及凹坑表面的重铸层对加工表面质量有重要影响。文章基于短电弧-电化学复合加工方法,在直流与脉冲两种常用电源类型下对钛合金TC4进行单次放电实验,分析两种电源类型下的短电弧-电化学复合加工单次放电凹坑尺寸及影响规律;结合单次放电凹坑实验所采集到的波形与电弧放电过程仿真模型对电弧放电过程的等离子体放电通道变化进行研究。研究结果发现,直流与脉冲放电凹坑的尺寸与影响规律差异与电弧的断弧方式有关,不同的断弧方式对等离子体放电通道产生影响,直流电弧倾向于通过流体介质运动和极间距离改变进行断弧,而脉冲电弧通过脉冲后沿电压变化和极间距离改变进行熄弧。这两种断弧方式不仅影响了凹坑的尺寸形貌,也影响了断弧后的电化学腐蚀效果。

Inconel625合金和TC11合金的短电弧加工特性分析

利用短电弧加工系统对Inconel625合金和TC11合金在不同电加工参数下加工,研究了电参数的变化和电加工高温对该材料的加工性能、金相组织及硬度变化的影响。结果表明:该加工技术对两种难加工材料均具有较明显的去除率,高电压加工去除率更高,但加工表面较粗糙,而低电压加工会获得较好的表面质量。受电加工热能影响,材料金相组织均发生转变,晶粒细化明显,Inconel625合金形成318.6μm厚的热影响层,其硬度提升16.9%;TC11合金形成175.2μm厚的热影响层,其硬度提升32.8%,两种材料的性能变化均能满足后续的精加工要求。

短电弧车削蜂窝环重铸层影响实验研究

蜂窝密封结构是当代航空发动机的先进高效密封结构,传统加工难以满足其加工质量要求,且一般电加工效率低,因此选择短电弧车削。针对材料为GH3536的蜂窝密封环进行实验,为研究不同参数对其加工后重铸层的影响,设置单因素试验,以重铸层厚度和微观形貌作为检测指标,分析电流及电压波形图、工件表面扫描电镜图、截面金相图和表面能谱图。结果证明:重铸层厚度随电压和进给速度增加而增加,随工件和电极转速增加而减小,且表面质量有相同的趋势,多槽挡板电极可以得到更好的冲液效果,重铸层更薄且表面质量更好。因此,适当降低电压和进给速度、提高工件和电极转速,以及采用多槽挡板电极,可减少微裂纹、冲蚀凹坑、褶皱和熔滴颗粒等现象,提高工件表面质量,降低重铸层厚度。

基于时频域参数分析的直流电弧故障检测装置

针对现有的直流电弧故障检测方法容易受到环境影响,无法实现精准检测,且算法结构复杂,难以部署于实际应用,基于短时傅里叶变换设计一种直流电弧故障检测算法。通过分析电弧电流信号在频域上的幅值变化趋势,将频谱划分为不同的阶段,计算不同阶段频率积分的比值,根据大量实验结果得到判定的阈值从而实现电弧故障检测。最后,选择合适的单片机实现检测算法并进行测试,验证所提算法的有效性。结果表明,所提算法不仅能在多种类型负载并联的情况下及时检测出电弧故障,检测的准确率可达94.4%,而且在面对正常状态电流时的误判率为0,证明其具有较好的稳健性。

GH4169短电弧铣削加工碎屑颗粒特性研究

作为放电加工的产物,碎屑颗粒不仅可以反映放电间隙的状态,而且有助于了解材料的蚀除机理;因此,碎屑颗粒一直是电火花加工(放电加工)领域的研究热点。作为一种新颖、高效的电火花加工方法,短电弧铣削加工存在着排屑不畅和频繁短路等问题。基于上述问题,以碎屑颗粒作为研究对象,研究了加工后碎屑颗粒的微观形态特征,从放电能量角度出发,进一步探讨了不同的工件极性、电极材料、电压、占空比和频率对碎屑颗粒粒径分布的影响,并进一步总结了碎屑颗粒粒径分布对加工质量的影响规律,为揭示材料侵蚀机制、改善间隙排屑性能和提高加工过程的稳定性提供了指导。

基于地基光电望远镜的地球同步轨道卫星空间目标初轨确定研究

在地球同步轨道卫星(geosynchronous Earth orbit,GEO)空间目标的监测过程中,为了解决观测数据弧长过短而导致的初始轨道参数求解失败问题,提出了一种多约束初轨确定算法。首先,从GEO目标轨道的小偏心率出发,建立单参数轨道确定方法,以提高求解成功率及精度;其次,基于开普勒定律和短弧的共面假设,对观测弧段进行关联,以增加观测数据信息和几何约束性;最后,利用关联弧段进一步提高求解精度,使得算法对轨道类型的适应性更广泛。利用长春人造卫星观测站的大视场望远镜实测数据进行了验证,结果表明,利用该算法能快速有效地求解出轨道参数,GEO空间目标半长轴误差小于200 km的占比可达93.6%(平均弧长约70 s)。基于该计算结果和所提关联方法来降低偏心率约束导致的误差,部分目标的半长轴误差可达30 km。该方法将为中国空间态势感知领域提供技术支撑。

基于动态阈值的距离搜索初轨确定

提出一种改进的初轨确定算法,基于动态阈值的距离搜索方法,以改进传统算法在处理数据时初轨成功率和初轨误差。通过动态调整搜索阈值,旨在实现更精准和高效的初轨确定,以满足当前对空间目标初轨确定的需求;利用LEO,MEO和GEO目标的实测角度数据开展算法测试。介绍了基于动态阈值的距离搜索算法的实现过程,基于数据处理的经验,用动态阈值实现初轨参数质量控制环节的轨道筛选。给出了详细的算法实现流程。利用TLE(Two Line El⁃ements)评估了初轨确定参数误差。基于“烛龙”观测网的中低轨目标和中国科学院长春人造卫星观测站的高轨目标的实测角度数据,开展算法测试。结果表明:LEO,MEO和GEO目标短弧初轨确定成功率分别约为94%,75%和89%,半长轴误差均值分别约为9,12和50 km。该算法适用性强、成功率高、定轨精度高,证明了监测数据的质量。

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金超声振动辅助短电弧复合加工实验研究

针对普通短电弧加工排屑不畅引起的电极和工件之间形成颗粒桥造成短路、局部放电和二次放电等非正常放电现象,提出一种超声振动辅助短电弧加工的新方法来改善工件加工质量。通过实验对普通短电弧和复合加工后工件宏观特征和微观形貌进行对比。采用超景深显微镜、电子扫描显微镜等对加工后的表面形貌、粗糙度和元素能谱进行检测分析。结果表明:两种特种加工技术耦合后的工件表面形貌发生了变化,其表面纹路在超声作用下呈现无序化、均匀化,电蚀凹坑和表面微裂纹数量显著减少,重铸层厚度深铣削加工下从93.06μm降低至25.39μm,表面粗糙度降低16%以上,同时材料表面元素发生了改性。这为短电弧技术改善加工质量、材料改性、技术耦合的发展提供了一种新的思路。

短电弧磨削蜂窝环热源公式研究及温度场仿真

为预测不同电压下常规短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工深度的影响,对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真热源公式进行了研究。针对热源系数与电压的关系,通过ANSYS软件研究得出的热源公式,并对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真。研究了适用于不同电压下短电弧常规磨削蜂窝环的热源公式,通过温度场仿真结果,分析了不同电压磨削蜂窝环的温度分布及变化趋势。结果发现:得出的热源公式适用于不同电压下短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工的温度场;仿真温度云图的变化规律以及分布情况符合短电弧磨削加工的实际情况,仿真结果误差在5.9%以内,吻合度较好,为预测加工深度提供了理论依据。

工艺参数对短电弧-电化学复合加工表面质量的影响研究

针对传统短电弧铣削加工后表面存在热损伤层问题,在钛合金TC4上进行了短电弧-电化学复合加工试验研究,分析了短电弧-电化学复合加工的材料去除机制,并通过理论模型分析了影响复合加工快慢及表面质量的关键影响参数,即加工电压、工作介质电阻率和进给速度。通过单因素试验研究了关键参数对短电弧-电化学复合加工表面质量的影响。试验结果表明,利用短电弧-电化学复合加工底面间隙电化学效应可以很好地去除短电弧加工后表面热损伤层。在进给速度为4 mm/min时可以实现无热损伤层加工,加工效率为354 mm^(3)/min,加工表面粗糙度Sa为17.982μm。