The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The ...The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The great stiffness of short columns enables them to absorb large amounts of structural energy. Inattention of some manuals and regulations such as Earthquake regulations to this phenomenon necessitates paying further attention to it. On this basis, the present study employed experimental modeling and numerical modeling for a four-story reinforced concrete building that involves the analysis of simple 2-D frames of varying floor heights and varying number of bays using a very popular software tool STAAD Pro on both a sloping and a flat lot. Also Sap2000 software had been used to show that the displacement of floors is greater for a flat lot building than a sloping lot building. However, the increase in shear was found to be quite greater in short columns compared to common ones and an enormous moment should be tolerated by sloping lot structures. The greater stiffness of the structure was also revealed by non-linear static (Push-Over) analysis. According to the results, short column are required to have more resistant sections and are suggested to be reinforced with more bars. In addition, more steel should be used as stirrups than as longitudinal bars. Also for existing structures, shear capacity of short columns should be retrofitted by FRP, Steel Jacket or other materials.展开更多
Aiming at different variation patterns of cross-fault short-leveling before earthquakes,the paper establishes the 2-D finite-element models with different crustal stratification and fault occurrence perpendicular to L...Aiming at different variation patterns of cross-fault short-leveling before earthquakes,the paper establishes the 2-D finite-element models with different crustal stratification and fault occurrence perpendicular to Longmenshan fault zone. By contact analysis and viscoelastic finite element method,the influence of fault structure on cross-fault short-leveling is obtained under the same constraint conditions,the results show that:with the increase of the horizontal projection distance of fault,the cumulative displacements of surface increase gradually in the models with fixed dip angles of the fault plane(model 1). However,when the horizontal projection distance exceeds 20 km,the influence of fault?s dip angle on the cumulative displacements of surface short-leveling will decrease significantly,and the cumulative displacements are maintained at about 1. 5 m. However,in the listric fault models(model 2),when the projection distance is less than 20 km,the listric fault structure impedes the sliding of fault. The short-leveling variation rate is only half of model 1;as a result,the ability to reflect the regional stress enhancement by cross-fault short-leveling is further weakened. But when the horizontal projection distance exceeds25 km,the cumulative displacements significantly increase,with the maximum displacement reaching 1. 75 m. The results of equivalent stress show that the listric fault structure causes a sudden increasement in equivalent stress when the horizontal projection distance is 10 km,higher equivalent stress values are accumulated between the projection distance of 5-20 km,and then high-low stress difference zones are formed at the bottom of the fault plane and near the transition zone of low-high dip angle.展开更多
This paper describes the study analysis performed to evaluate the available and potential solutions to control the highly increasing short circuit （SC） levels in Kuwait power system. The real Kuwait High Voltage （H...This paper describes the study analysis performed to evaluate the available and potential solutions to control the highly increasing short circuit （SC） levels in Kuwait power system. The real Kuwait High Voltage （HV） network was simulated to examine different measures at both 275 kV and 132 kV stations. The simulation results show that the short circuit currents exceed the permissible levels （40 kA in the 132 kV network and 63 kA in the 275 kV network） in some specific points. The examined measures include the a study on changing the neutral point policy, changing some lines from alternating current （AC） to direct current （DC）, dividing specific bus bars in some generating stations and applying current limiters. The paper also presents a new plan for the transmission network in order to manage the expected increase in short circuit levels in the future.展开更多
为实现英文文本标题的自动化生成,研究一套基于长短期记忆网络的句子级LSTM编码策略,并在标题生成模型中引入注意力机制来获取英文文本的上下文向量,保留文本中的重要信息。在此基础上,通过负对数似然函数来对模型加以训练。最后通过Byt...为实现英文文本标题的自动化生成,研究一套基于长短期记忆网络的句子级LSTM编码策略,并在标题生成模型中引入注意力机制来获取英文文本的上下文向量,保留文本中的重要信息。在此基础上,通过负对数似然函数来对模型加以训练。最后通过Byte Cup 2018数据集对本文提出的英语标题自动生成算法进行实验,并通过过ROUGE-N指标对标题生成质量加以评价。实验研究发现,所提出的句子级LSTM编码方案在英文文本标题生成准确性方面相比于其他常规摘要生成模型来说具有显著优势。展开更多
高比例新能源接入电网的间歇性和波动性对系统稳定性有显著影响。因此,评估和提升含高比例可再生能源(Renewable Energy Source, RES)的配电网稳定性至关重要。文中提出了一种新的系统强度评估指标——集成短路比(Integrated Short Circ...高比例新能源接入电网的间歇性和波动性对系统稳定性有显著影响。因此,评估和提升含高比例可再生能源(Renewable Energy Source, RES)的配电网稳定性至关重要。文中提出了一种新的系统强度评估指标——集成短路比(Integrated Short Circuit Ratio, ISCR),该指标不仅考虑了RES之间的相互作用,还考虑了储能设备(Energy Storage Device, ESD)的影响,能更准确地辨识电网薄弱环节。另外,基于ISCR提出了通过双层优化方法调配RES和ESD的位置和容量的配电网稳定性提升方法,以增强系统强度并提高RES和ESD容量。在上层,对RES的位置和容量进行优化,确保节点处的ISCR值最大;在下层,对ESD的位置和容量进行优化,确保ISCR值高于临界短路比(Critical Short Circuit Ratio, CSCR),以保持系统强大。位置优化由节点处的ISCR值确定。容量优化采用线性规划方法求解。最后,案例研究验证了所提优化方法在保持系统强度的同时增加RES和ESD容量的有效性。展开更多
文摘The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The great stiffness of short columns enables them to absorb large amounts of structural energy. Inattention of some manuals and regulations such as Earthquake regulations to this phenomenon necessitates paying further attention to it. On this basis, the present study employed experimental modeling and numerical modeling for a four-story reinforced concrete building that involves the analysis of simple 2-D frames of varying floor heights and varying number of bays using a very popular software tool STAAD Pro on both a sloping and a flat lot. Also Sap2000 software had been used to show that the displacement of floors is greater for a flat lot building than a sloping lot building. However, the increase in shear was found to be quite greater in short columns compared to common ones and an enormous moment should be tolerated by sloping lot structures. The greater stiffness of the structure was also revealed by non-linear static (Push-Over) analysis. According to the results, short column are required to have more resistant sections and are suggested to be reinforced with more bars. In addition, more steel should be used as stirrups than as longitudinal bars. Also for existing structures, shear capacity of short columns should be retrofitted by FRP, Steel Jacket or other materials.
基金supported by the Youth Science and Technology Fund of China Earthquake Networks Center(QNJJ201801)the National Key R&D Programof China(2018YFC0807000)
文摘Aiming at different variation patterns of cross-fault short-leveling before earthquakes,the paper establishes the 2-D finite-element models with different crustal stratification and fault occurrence perpendicular to Longmenshan fault zone. By contact analysis and viscoelastic finite element method,the influence of fault structure on cross-fault short-leveling is obtained under the same constraint conditions,the results show that:with the increase of the horizontal projection distance of fault,the cumulative displacements of surface increase gradually in the models with fixed dip angles of the fault plane(model 1). However,when the horizontal projection distance exceeds 20 km,the influence of fault?s dip angle on the cumulative displacements of surface short-leveling will decrease significantly,and the cumulative displacements are maintained at about 1. 5 m. However,in the listric fault models(model 2),when the projection distance is less than 20 km,the listric fault structure impedes the sliding of fault. The short-leveling variation rate is only half of model 1;as a result,the ability to reflect the regional stress enhancement by cross-fault short-leveling is further weakened. But when the horizontal projection distance exceeds25 km,the cumulative displacements significantly increase,with the maximum displacement reaching 1. 75 m. The results of equivalent stress show that the listric fault structure causes a sudden increasement in equivalent stress when the horizontal projection distance is 10 km,higher equivalent stress values are accumulated between the projection distance of 5-20 km,and then high-low stress difference zones are formed at the bottom of the fault plane and near the transition zone of low-high dip angle.
文摘This paper describes the study analysis performed to evaluate the available and potential solutions to control the highly increasing short circuit （SC） levels in Kuwait power system. The real Kuwait High Voltage （HV） network was simulated to examine different measures at both 275 kV and 132 kV stations. The simulation results show that the short circuit currents exceed the permissible levels （40 kA in the 132 kV network and 63 kA in the 275 kV network） in some specific points. The examined measures include the a study on changing the neutral point policy, changing some lines from alternating current （AC） to direct current （DC）, dividing specific bus bars in some generating stations and applying current limiters. The paper also presents a new plan for the transmission network in order to manage the expected increase in short circuit levels in the future.
文摘为实现英文文本标题的自动化生成,研究一套基于长短期记忆网络的句子级LSTM编码策略,并在标题生成模型中引入注意力机制来获取英文文本的上下文向量,保留文本中的重要信息。在此基础上,通过负对数似然函数来对模型加以训练。最后通过Byte Cup 2018数据集对本文提出的英语标题自动生成算法进行实验,并通过过ROUGE-N指标对标题生成质量加以评价。实验研究发现,所提出的句子级LSTM编码方案在英文文本标题生成准确性方面相比于其他常规摘要生成模型来说具有显著优势。
文摘高比例新能源接入电网的间歇性和波动性对系统稳定性有显著影响。因此,评估和提升含高比例可再生能源(Renewable Energy Source, RES)的配电网稳定性至关重要。文中提出了一种新的系统强度评估指标——集成短路比(Integrated Short Circuit Ratio, ISCR),该指标不仅考虑了RES之间的相互作用,还考虑了储能设备(Energy Storage Device, ESD)的影响,能更准确地辨识电网薄弱环节。另外,基于ISCR提出了通过双层优化方法调配RES和ESD的位置和容量的配电网稳定性提升方法,以增强系统强度并提高RES和ESD容量。在上层,对RES的位置和容量进行优化,确保节点处的ISCR值最大;在下层,对ESD的位置和容量进行优化,确保ISCR值高于临界短路比(Critical Short Circuit Ratio, CSCR),以保持系统强大。位置优化由节点处的ISCR值确定。容量优化采用线性规划方法求解。最后,案例研究验证了所提优化方法在保持系统强度的同时增加RES和ESD容量的有效性。
