Role of short-wavelength filtering lenses in delaying myopia progression and amelioration of asthenopia in juveniles

AIM： To evaluate the positive effects of blue-violet light filtering lenses in delaying myopia and relieving asthenopia in juveniles. METHODS： Sixty ametropia juveniles （aged range, 11-15y） were randomized into two groups： the test group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing blue-violet light filtering lenses; and the control group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing ordinary aspherical lenses. Baseline refractive power of the affected eyes and axial length of the two groups was recorded. After 1-year, the patients underwent contrast sensitivity （glare and non-glare under bright and dark conditions）, accommodation-related testing, asthenopia questionnaire assessment, and adverse reaction questionnaire assessment. RESULTS： After ly of wearing the filtering lenses, changes in refractive power and axial length were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Under bright conditions, the contrast sensitivities at low and medium- frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3, 4.0, and 2.5） with glare in the test group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）, while the contrast sensitivity at low-frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3 and 4.0） in the absence of glare in the test group was higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Under glare and non-glare dark conditions, the contrast sensitivities of various frequencies in the test group did not show significant differences compared with those in the control group （P〉0.05）. In the test group, the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity of patients wearing glasses for 6 and 12mo were significantly elevated （P〈0.05）, while the asthenopia gratings were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. Nevertheless, in the control group,the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity after 12mo were not significantly altered compared with baseline （P〉0.05）, and the asthenopia grating was not significantly decreased （P〉0.05）. In addition, after wearing glasses for 6 to 12mo, the asthenopia grating of patients in the test group decreased significantly compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. At 12mo, the constituent ratio of adverse reactions did not show significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： A l-year follow-up reveal that compare with ordinary glasses, short-wavelength filtering lenses （blue/ violet-light filters） increase the low- and medium-frequency contrast sensitivity under bright conditions and improved accommodation. They effectively relieved asthenopia without severe adverse reactions, suggesting potential for clinical application. However, no significant advantages in terms of refractive power or axial length progression were found compared with ordinary aspheric lenses.

Short-wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice hole avalanche photodiode

We demonstrate two short-wavelength infrared avalanche photodiodes based on InAs/GaSb superlattice grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The difference between the two devices,namely,p+n-n+and p+nn-n+,is that the p+nn-n+device possesses an additional middle-doped layer to separate the multiplication region from the absorption region.By properly controlling the electric field distribution in the p+nn-n+device,an electric field of 906 kV/cm has been achieved,which is 2.6 times higher than that in the p+n-n+device.At a reverse bias of-0.1 V at 77 K,both devices show a 100%cut-off wavelength of 2.25μm.The p+n-n+and p+nn-n+show a dark current density of 1.5×10^-7 A/cm^2 and 1.8×10^-8 A/cm^2,and a peak responsivity about 0.35 A/W and 0.40 A/W at 1.5μm,respectively.A maximum multiplication gain of 55 is achieved in the p+nn-n+device while the value is only less than 2 in the p+n-n+device.Exponential nature of the gain characteristic as a function of reverse bias confirms a single carrier hole dominated impact ionization.

Back Illuminated N/P/P⁺Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell under Modulated Short-Wavelength: Determination of Base Optimum Thickness

A bifacial silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination in frequency modulation by the rear side is being studied for the optimization of base thickness. The density of photogenerated carriers in the base is obtained by resolution of the continuity equation, with the help of boundary conditions at the junction surface (n+/p) and the rear face (p/p+) of the base. For a short wavelength corresponding to a high absorption coefficient, the AC photocurrent density is calculated and represented according to the excess minority carrier’s recombination velocity at the junction, for different modulation frequency values. The expression of the AC recombination velocity of excess minority carriers at the rear surface of the base of the solar cell is then deduced, depending on both, the absorption coefficient of the silicon material and the thickness of the base. Compared to the intrinsic AC recombination velocity, the optimal thickness is extracted and modeled in a mathematical relationship, as a decreasing function of the modulated frequency of back illumination. Thus under these operating conditions, a maximum short-circuit photocurrent is obtained and a low-cost bifacial solar cell can be achieved by reducing material (Si) to elaborate the base thickness.

Comparison study on measurement of rail weld joint between inertial reference method and multi-point chord reference method

Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.

短波紫外线辐照坛紫菜壳孢子制备色彩突变体的新途径

壳孢子萌发时期是坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)减数分裂发生的时期,壳孢子萌发形成的最初4个细胞呈线性排列,形成减数分裂四分体,且发生遗传重组的四分体细胞可以决定叶状体的发育模式和性状分离。因此,诱变产生色彩突变的嵌合叶状体相比诱变叶状体产生的点状色块,将更易于获得突变细胞。本研究为获得坛紫菜人工色彩嵌合突变体,使用不同剂量(50、100、200、300、400、500和600J/m^(2))的短波紫外线(UV-C,λ=254nm)辐照坛紫菜壳孢子,培养数天后,在壳孢子苗中出现了色彩突变的嵌合叶状体。结果显示,低剂量(50 J/m^(2))的辐射促进壳孢子萌发,而辐照剂量高于100 J/m^(2)则会抑制壳孢子萌发和分裂。辐照剂量在50~400J/m^(2)范围内,色彩突变体出现的频率随辐照剂量的增加而增加,辐照剂量分别为300和400J/m^(2)时,突变率分别达到15.22%和17.18%。其中,出现色彩突变的嵌合叶状体以2色块嵌合体和3色块嵌合体居多,4色块嵌合体最少,但辐照剂量增加至400 J/m^(2)以上时,随着辐照剂量的增加,色彩突变体出现的频率反而下降,表明最适宜的诱变剂量为300或400 J/m^(2)。同时,短波紫外线辐照也使色彩突变嵌合体的长宽比下降,采用生物酶解法从色彩嵌合体中分离出了单色的体细胞萌发体。本研究为坛紫菜人工色彩突变体的制备和诱变育种提供了新途径。

基于3m波长地铁钢轨焊缝接头不平顺的轮轨响应分析

相对于1 m弦测值的焊缝接头动力学评估与管理,基于3 m波长范围的焊缝接头不平顺轮轨响应分析对其服役状态评估与管理具有重要意义。首先,基于车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学理论建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合模型;然后,借助基于一弦N点弦测法研制的钢轨短波不平顺测量小车,对地铁线路焊缝接头不平顺进行精确测量,并根据传统弦测理论得到1 m弦测值;接着,将实测3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺和1 m弦测值作为车辆-轨道垂向耦合模型的不平顺激励输入,对比3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺和1 m弦测值激扰下的轮轨响应;最后,研究了车速和焊缝位置对轮轨动力响应的影响。结果表明:相比1 m弦测值激扰下的轮轨动力响应结果,3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺激扰下的轮轨力幅值变化不明显,轮重减载率幅值增大11.52%,钢轨加速度幅值增大54.05%,轮对振动加速度幅值增大37.67%;车速提高会导致轮轨力和轮重减载率幅值增大;焊缝中心与轨枕间的距离增加,轮轨力幅值先增加后减小,当焊缝中心距离轨枕0.1 m时,轮轨力幅值最大。

融合轨面短波不平顺的全波段高低不平顺谱表征及影响分析

轨道不平顺谱是表征轨道不平顺幅频特性的有效工具。目前,高速铁路轨道不平顺谱的研究主要聚焦在波长2 m及以上成分,甚少涉及轨面短波不平顺谱。基于大量无砟轨道高速铁路实测数据,研究轨面短波不平顺谱的表达函数及其与中长波轨道不平顺谱衔接的适应性。结果表明:两段幂函数能够很好地表征轨面短波不平顺谱。采用对数坐标系下的5阶多项式拟合全波段高低不平顺谱,实现中长波和短波成分在波长1~2 m范围内的平缓过渡。实测数据表明高速行车条件下,短波高低不平顺对轮轨垂向力及轴箱、构架和车体垂向加速度等指标均存在显著影响,全波段高低不平顺谱的建立对轮轨振动仿真分析、车辆和轨道结构设计以及轨道状态评估具有重要意义。

Visible-blind short-wavelength infrared photodetector with high responsivity based on hyperdoped silicon

Developing a low-cost, room-temperature operated and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)compatible visible-blind short-wavelength infrared(SWIR) silicon photodetector is of interest for security,telecommunications, and environmental sensing. Here, we present a silver-supersaturated silicon(Si:Ag)-based photodetector that exhibits a visible-blind and highly enhanced sub-bandgap photoresponse. The visible-blind response is caused by the strong surface-recombination-induced quenching of charge collection for short-wavelength excitation, and the enhanced sub-bandgap response is attributed to the deep-level electrontraps-induced band-bending and two-stage carrier excitation. The responsivity of the Si:Ag photodetector reaches 504 mA · W^(-1) at 1310 nm and 65 m A · W^(-1) at 1550 nm under-3 V bias, which stands on the stage as the highest level in the hyperdoped silicon devices previously reported. The high performance and mechanism understanding clearly demonstrate that the hyperdoped silicon shows great potential for use in optical interconnect and power-monitoring applications.

Short-wavelength light induces broiler’s behavioral and physiological syndrome through a misaligned eating rhythm

Previous work shows that long-wavelength light has a robust circadian rhythmic pattern in the expression of clock genes of chickens,whereas short-wavelength light leads to an arrhythmic oscillation of some clock genes(e.g.,cClock,cCry1,cCry2,cPer2,and cPer3).However,knowledge about the consequences of LED lights on the physiological and behavioral phenotype was still not clear.This experiment hypothesize that short-wavelength light disturbs chicken’s eating rhythm and leads to a wrong time to eat,resulting in metabolic syndrome.“Meihuang”broilers were housed in monochromatic LED blue light,green light,yellow light,red light,or white light with a very low dose(15 lx).Multiply physiological parameters were measured and the 24-h eating behavior was determined.The effects of LED light on physiological status and behavioral phenotype showed a wavelength-dependent manner.Short-wavelength light significantly decreased the level of total triglycerides and total cholesterol but increased triiodothyronine concentration.Inversely,long-wavelength light increased the triglycerides and total cholesterol and reduced the level of triiodothyronine.Further,it was found that short-wavelength light significantly boosted body weight compared with long-wavelength light,despite equivalent levels of food intake.Short-wavelength light induced 23.4%and 14.1%of food consumption during subjective nights,but long-wavelength light did not.These results imply that when chickens eat mattered,not just what they eat.Thus,low as 15 lx of blue light exposure during the typical dark period is sufficient to leads an individual to eat at“wrong”time,causing metabolic dysfunction.

Anisotropic Short-Wavelength Friedel Oscillation with Adjustable Envelope in Graphene

We investigate theoretically the intervalley charge density oscillation and the screened ionic potential in graphene caused by the intervalley scattering. We demonstrate that the contribution from the intervalley scattering is comparable with that from the intravalley scattering, and oscillation rather than decaying dominates at a large distance away from the external impurity. We show that the intervalley oscillation is strongly anisotropic because of the inequivalency between neighboring valleys. The anisotropic oscillation consists of an anisotropic short-wavelength oscillation with an anisotropic fixed wavelength and an isotropic long-wavelength envelop with an isotropic wavelength modulated by doping, making an adjustable-widthed wave-packet propagation. One weakens the screening and gets anisotropic short-wavelength oscillation by introducing short-range mechanism in graphene and graphene-like materials.

更快速度下周期性短波不平顺引起的轮轨高频振动特性及控制限值

随着列车运行速度的不断加快,轮轨高频振动引起的车辆、轨道部件伤损问题更加突出,尤以周期性的短波不平顺最为常见。为了掌握轮轨高频振动自下而上的传递衰减规律以及制定合理的钢轨打磨策略,有必要针对车辆系统在高频激励条件下的耦合振动特性开展深入的理论研究。本文通过对大量实测数据的拟合,得到了更宽频段范围内的轨道高低不平顺谱拟合公式,并通过反演得到了0.002~100 m波长范围内的高低不平顺样本;在此基础上建立了高速动车组-轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型,其中对轮对、钢轨均考虑了弹性体振动模态,仿真分析了周期性短波不平顺引起的轮轨高频振动特性。结果表明,车辆各部件的振动频率分布范围为30~1390 Hz,且自下至上呈逐层衰减趋势。通过提取周期性短波不平顺幅值变化对轮轨相互作用的影响规律,进一步提出了适应400 km/h高速铁路的典型波长周期性短波不平顺的量化控制限值要求。

短波不平顺引起轮轨激振的中高频垂向力研究

为研究普通列车轨道不平顺对轮轨激振力的影响,采用LS-DYNA软件建立三维有限元轮轨耦合力学模型。该模型把车轮简化为质量点,轨道简化为梁,利用RAIL_TRAIN和RAIL_TRACK模块实现轮轨的耦合。利用该模型,分析不同车速、不同波长和幅值所表征的轨道不平顺引起的列车轮轨垂向力及其变化特点,并研究影响垂向力的敏感因素。结果表明:车速越低,不平顺波的幅值对轮轨垂向力的影响越大;相同的车速和不平顺波长,不平顺波的幅值越大,垂向力也越大,且垂向力和不平顺波的幅值近似呈线性关系;不同车速下,轨道不平顺的敏感波长不同,但其车速与敏感波长之比的频率均约为300 Hz,接近轨道的291.949 Hz(45阶模态频率)。

Exact solutions of dispersion equation for MHD waves with short-wavelength modification

Dispersive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves with short-wavelength modification have an important role in transforming energy from waves into particles.In this paper,based on the two-fluid mode,a dispersion equation,including the short-wavelength effect,and its exact solution are presented.The outcome is responsible for the short-wavelength modification versions of the three ideal MHD modes (i.e.the fast,slow and Alfve'n).The results show that the fast and Alfve'n modes are modified considerably by the shortwavelength effect mainly in the quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular propagation directions,respectively,while the slow mode can be affected by the short-wavelength effect in all propagation directions.On the other hand,the dispersive modification occurs primarily in the finite-β regime of 0.001 < β < 1 for the fast mode and in the high-β regime of 0.1 < β < 10 for the slow mode.For the Alfve'n mode,the dispersive modification occurs from the low-β regime of β < 0.001 through the high-β regime of β > 1.

冬枣黑斑病的光学特性检测方法建立

本研究旨在探究冬枣果实黑斑病过程中光学特性的变化,并筛选出病害检测的特征波长。采用单积分球检测系统结合反向倍加(IAD)算法测定冬枣果实在黑斑病过程中短-中波近红外区域(900~1650 nm)内光学吸收和散射特性,通过光学特性与品质指标间的相关性分析获得特征波长,最后通过近红外光谱对特征波长的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明,随着黑斑病的发展,冬枣果实的失重率和a^(*)呈现明显的上升趋势,L^(*)、可溶性固形物及叶绿素含量则随贮藏时间下降。冬枣果实的吸收系数(μa)和约化散射系数(μs')均表现出明显的下降趋势。μa和μs'分别在1400~1650和900~1360 nm与病害程度(病斑面积)和部分品质指标(失重率、L^(*)、a^(*)、可溶性固形物和叶绿素)呈现高度相关。与全波长和基于算法获得的特征波长模型相比,基于光学特性优选的10个特征变量建立的冬枣黑斑病判别模型效果最佳,建模集和预测集总体正确率分别达到92.53%和92.35%,证明了短-中波近红外光学信号识别不同病害程度冬枣果实的潜力及基于光学特性优选的特征波长的有效性。

龙门山造山带北段黄泥坪金矿床蚀变矿化特征与SWIR勘查应用研究

黄泥坪金矿床位于扬子地块西北缘,是龙门山造山带北段新发现的一个重要的中型金矿床,研究程度较低,蚀变矿化分布特征和矿床成因仍不清楚,需要新的勘查方法和思路开展下一步找矿工作。基于详细的矿床地质和短波红外光谱(SWIR)研究,发现黄泥坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要有黄铁矿化、毒砂化、白云母化、硅化和碳酸盐化,白云母通常呈细小鳞片状分布于毒砂和黄铁矿的周围,金主要以不可见金的形式存在于毒砂和黄铁矿中。汉树沟、山关石、柳树坪和石罐子4个矿段应属同一成矿系统,其中汉树沟和山关石矿段的蚀变矿化期次可分为早期变质成矿期和晚期热液脉成矿期,变质成矿期包括石英多金属硫化物阶段和浸染状毒砂-黄铁矿阶段,热液脉成矿期包括石英-方解石粗脉阶段和毒砂-黄铁矿-方解石细脉阶段。变质成矿期发生了第一次金矿化,热液脉成矿期发生了第二次金矿化。SWIR勘查应用研究发现,矿体上盘千枚岩和下盘变质砂岩中发育较多Al–OH吸收峰位值较大的变质成因多硅白云母,而矿化部位则主要发育Al–OH吸收峰位值较小的热液白云母,Pos2200≤2202.5nm可作为热液白云母族矿物与变质成岩白云母族矿物或者二者混合相(指变质成岩白云母族矿物占主导,含有部分热液白云母族矿物)的大致界线。同时Pos2200≤2202.5 nm,且IC值为1.0~1.5可作为黄泥坪矿床新的勘查指标。本研究可以为认识龙门山北段浅变质沉积岩容矿的金矿床成矿规律和找矿勘查提供新的科学依据。

绢云母短波红外光谱特征及其在矿产勘查中的应用

蚀变矿物短波红外(SWIR)光谱特征日趋广泛地应用于矿产勘查研究中。绢云母作为热液矿床中最为发育的蚀变矿物之一,通过SWIR光谱技术提取其谱学特征,进而建立与矿床基础地质信息之间的相关性具有重要意义。然而,前人对于绢云母短波红外光谱特征的研究主要集中于单个矿床,缺少不同矿床间的对比。基于此,文章梳理了混合矿物光谱曲线中对单一矿物相对含量的提取方式,系统总结了温度、流体化学成分、流体pH值、寄主岩石、矿物结构、矿物粒度及共(伴)生矿物等因素对绢云母谱学特征空间变化规律的影响,最后,从契尔马克替换效应角度出发,分析对比了5种不同成因类型矿床中近矿端绢云母波长变化。虽然将绢云母短波红外光谱特征有效地应用于矿产勘查仍存在诸多问题,但作者相信,应用绢云母短波红外光谱特征进行矿产勘查依然具有良好的前景。

短波红外偏振成像技术的研究进展

与传统成像系统相比,偏振成像系统通过探测目标物在不同状态下的明显偏振差异,提高对目标物的探测和识别能力,因而被广泛应用于复杂环境或有伪装物的目标探测。特别是短波红外谱范围的信息探测可以提供人眼所不能看见的分辨率和细节,是目前军事和民用领域的重点研究方向之一。这篇综述归纳总结了传统偏振成像系统的结构分类及其特点,探讨了新型微纳偏振成像系统的研究进展,并针对目前短波红外偏振成像技术存在的主要问题提供了可行性分析和建议。

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变中扁平不规则色素上皮脱离的短波长和近红外眼底自发荧光图像特征

目的:观察中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSCR)眼中扁平不规则色素上皮脱离(FIPED)的短波长眼底自发荧光(SW-FAF)和近红外眼底自发荧光(NIR-FAF)图像特征。方法:选取2020年3月至2021年3月温州医科大学附属眼视光医院眼底内科确诊伴有FIPED的慢性或复发性CSCR 38例38眼。使用Spectralis HRA+OCT仪行SW-FAF、NIR-FAF等多模影像检查,分析FIPED的两种FAF图像特征。结果:38例慢性或复发性CSCR眼中有20眼存在血管化FIPED,18眼存在非血管化FIPED。血管化FIPED在SW-FAF上表现为点状弱自发荧光(AF,13例,占65%),混合状弱AF(4例,占20%),点状强弱混合AF(3例,占15%);非血管化FIPED在SW-FAF上表现为点状强弱混合AF(10例,占55.6%),点状弱AF(7例,占38.9%),混合状弱AF(1例,占5.6%)。血管化FIPED在NIR-FAF上表现为融合状伴点状弱AF(16例,占80%),斑片状强弱混合AF(4例,占20%);非血管化FIPED在NIR-FAF上表现为斑片状强弱混合AF(15例,占83.3%),斑片状弱AF(3例,占16.7%)。结论:慢性或复发性CSCR患者的血管化和非血管化FIPED具有特征性SW-FAF和NIR-FAF改变,能够指导治疗和随访。

短波近红外光谱法分析酒中乙醇含量

使用短波近红外光谱和多变量校正技术快速准确地测定酒中乙醇含量.研究了纯水、乙醇以及乙醇和水混合体系的光谱特征.用多元线性回归(MLR)和主成分回归(PCR)分析了二阶导数差谱数据.该法分析酒样具有方便、快速的优点.

短波红外光谱技术在浅剥蚀斑岩铜矿区勘查中的应用——以西藏念村矿区为例

作为世界上最重要的一种矿床类型,斑岩铜矿一直是工业界勘查的首选。对此类矿床的勘查,在中-深剥蚀程度的矿区相对简单,而在浅剥蚀的矿区则变得较为困难,这是因为在浅剥蚀的矿区,矿床热液/矿化中心很难快速有效定位。近年来,在矿产勘查领域逐渐得到广泛应用的短波红外光谱技术,可通过特定蚀变矿物反射光谱特征参数系统变化的规律来厘定热液/矿化中心,在块状硫化物及浅成低温矿床中显示出良好的应用效果,这为浅剥蚀斑岩铜矿热液/矿化中心的快速、有效厘定提供了一种途径。为此,文章选择了位于冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段、剥蚀较弱的念村(即夏玛日)矿区,拟通过矿区样品短波红外光谱的系统测量,寻找出蚀变矿物反射光谱特征参数系统变化的规律,进而约束矿床热液/矿化中心。本次研究在念村矿区共识别出7种蚀变矿物,按出现频率由多至少依次为伊利石、绿泥石、蛋白石、叶蜡石、高岭石、绿帘石及多硅白云母;而且,矿区外围以伊利石-绿泥石±绿帘石蚀变矿物组合为主,向内逐渐过渡为伊利石±蛋白石、伊利石-叶蜡石±高岭石组合。通过对伊利石反射光谱特征参数的计算发现,伊利石结晶度及Al-OH吸收峰位,这些通常被认为与伊利石形成温度有关的光谱学参数,在该矿区呈现出系统的变化规律:在矿区东北部,伊利石结晶度较大(>1.6),Al-OH吸收峰位较小(<2203nm),而该区域的外围,伊利石结晶度变小,Al-OH吸收峰位变大。这表明矿区东北部伊利石的形成温度更高,暗示该区域可能为矿床热液/矿化中心。因此,建议在本次研究所圈定的热液/矿化中心范围内,在适当开展物探工作的基础上,尽快布置勘查工程进行验证,以实现矿床的尽快查找和突破。