Re-measuring International Short-term Capital Flow into China with Varying Methods

This paper.fi＇rst conducts a systematic review of domestic and foreign scholars＇ approaches to predicting short-term capital flows, then employs a combination of both direct and indirect methods to carry out its analysis. Three kinds of indicators, both specific and general, are applied in both methods. Thorough consideration is given to short-term international capital inflow from trade, other current account items, capital account, and errors and omissions, as well as other channels through which short term capital might accrue to a nation＇s balance. Based on a comprehensive comparison of year-on-year data, this paper also estimates monthly data using a simplified, indirect calculation approach. Estimates show that, despite a degree of difference in results between methods, most estimates are highly consistent for a given period. Based on monthly estimates, we conclude that turbulence in international financial markets （i.e., the United States subprime mortgage crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis） has had a major impact on China ＇s short-term capital flow.

Analyze Chinese capital escape ＆ international moving capital influx from net errors and omissions in the balance of payments

With the rapid economic development, the imbalance of China＇s balance of payments gets sever gradually, especially in the continuous increase in the net errors and omissions, which even has exceeded the international alert line. Such scale of net errors and omissions have also presented the flaws of the custody of capital flows, leading to huge capital escape and hot money influx, which needs our attention.

The 8th International Capital Conference held in Beijing

The 8th International Capital Conference （ICC） was held in Beijing on November 30. Vice Chairman of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade （CCPIT）, who is also Vice President of the China Chamber of International Commercial （CCOIC）, Yin Zonghua attended and addressed the conference.

First international standard for human capital reporting

ISO 30414, Human resource management 一 Guidelines for internal and external human capital reporting, is the first in ter national sta ndard that allows an orga nizati on to get a clear view of the actual contributi on of its huma n capital. Applicable to enterprises of all types and sizes, it provides guidelines on core human resources areas such as organizational. culture, recruitment and turnover, productivity, health and safety, and leadership.

How Demographic Structure Determines International Capital Flows

This paper investigated the relationship between demographic structure and international capital flows with panel data of 190 countries over the past 60 years＇ and projection data for the 21st century. As found, from a global perspective, the current account balance （CAB） is negatively related to the dependency ratio, and orresponding to continuous change, international eapital flows tend to move from ＂adult countries＂ to ＂aged or young countries.＂ Since the middle of the 20th century, the U.S., Europe, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Africa took turns in exporting capital to other countries. In the 2lst century, Europe, the U.S., Australia and Singapore will keep importing capital, while China in the 2030s, and Southeast Asia in the 2050s will in turn become the main capital importers. Given the demographic structure of China and the world, the future pattern of the international capital flows requires more serious concern and responses.

Beijing Makes its Move into an'International Fashion Capital'

One goal, four projects -- Beijing International Fashion Center, this three billion Yuan baby is going to represent one of Beijing’s top ambitions -- the forming of the International Clothing City. It’s announced in the China

Study on Agency Models within Internal Capital Market of Enterprise Group

In order to overcome the shortcomings brought up by the single-layer agency relation analyses of agency problems within enterprise group, two-tiered agency models in the internal capital market are set up, and how rent-seeking behaviors of member firms＇ managers affect investment allocation decision made by headquarters manager is demonstrated. From equilibrium solutions of the model, it＇s inferred that the larger the divergence of member firm＇s productivity is, the higher probability of investment allocation distortion is.

Hospitality and Tourism International Internships and Perceived Employability

This paper investigates the experiences of UK undergraduate students who have undertaken a one year paid internship abroad within the hotel sector by using a phenomenological approach.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 final year undergraduate students.The findings shed light on the alignment of key elements of the constructs of positive psychological capital and cosmopolitan human capital,along with strong self-belief in employability as a consequence of the experience.A theoretical model of international experience and positive psych-social development is postulated and contributes to improved practice in internship and employability mentoring and policy decision-making with respect to current internationalisation and employability agendas in the UK’s higher education system.

Aggregate Capital Tied-up by Investment Projects——The Possibility of a Simple Estimation

The aggregate capital needs are a new business economics category which provides a new aspect to evaluate investment projects.The literature does not deal with this category as the project‘s total financial resource requirement.It is the total capital tied-up for the project in its lifetime.For calculation of it,the yearly capital tie-ups are being added together.Based on this,it can be examined the total capital amount,which results in a given net present value,or the total capital amount,which operates according to the given rate of profitability.The paper interprets the category,presents its relationship with the interest rate,and also presents the method of calculation based on model editing.In the case of the internal rate of return,the estimation may be greatly simplified.Instead of determining the yearly amounts and summation of these,the estimation can be carried out also with a simple division of two data.The paper demonstrates the possibility of simplification and shows an example to present the interrelations of data.

Concerning the Capitalization Restriction of Training Cost According to IAS 38

In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.

资本网络嵌入对国际创业企业动态能力的影响——风险偏好的调节作用

国际化情境下,创业企业如何嵌入资本网络以提升动态能力,这一问题引起学界广泛讨论。基于社会网络理论与动态能力理论,以2011—2022年87家国际创业企业为样本,检验资本网络嵌入对国际创业企业动态能力的影响,以及风险偏好对上述关系的调节作用。结果显示,资本网络关系嵌入、结构嵌入分别对国际创业企业动态能力具有显著正向影响,风险偏好在资本网络关系嵌入、结构嵌入促进国际创业企业动态能力提升过程中发挥正向调节作用。结论可丰富资本网络与创业动态能力相关研究,为国际创业企业提升动态能力以应对动荡的国际市场环境提供理论指导。

数字化转型能提升国有企业资本配置效率吗?

进入数字经济时代,数字化转型已成为国有企业高质量发展的必经之路。在此背景下,探究数字化转型与资本配置效率之间的内在逻辑关系,对增强国有企业活力和提升国有企业资本效率具有重要理论和实践意义。以2009-2021年沪深A股上市的非金融国有企业为样本,从外部成本以及内部治理两个层面实证检验数字化转型对国有企业资本配置效率的影响效果及作用机制。结论说明:1)数字化转型能够显著改善国有企业资本要素错配,提升国企资本配置效率。2)机制分析表明,数字化转型能通过缓解信息不对称、降低代理成本以及改善融资约束,优化国有企业资本要素配置。3)从市场、政府以及国有企业自身层面来看,首先数字化转型在一定程度上能替代外部不完备的资本市场。在资本市场发育程度较低环境中,数字化转型更能改善国有企业资本要素错配。其次较高的财政补贴隐含过多的政策性负担,弱化数字化转型对国有企业资本效率提升效果。最后在较高水平内部控制环境中,数字化赋能显著提升国企资本配置效率。研究有助于深化数字化转型赋能国有企业资本配置效率的效果和机制,为探究我国国有企业高质量发展提供学理依据及决策参考。

企业数字化转型、人力资本与内部薪酬差距

企业是推动数字技术发挥经济效应的重要微观主体,也是平衡资本和劳动分配关系的关键所在。基于2009—2019年中国A股上市公司的数据,运用Python爬虫技术评估了上市公司的数字化转型程度,实证研究了数字化转型对企业内部薪酬差距的影响及其作用机制。实证分析发现,数字化转型对企业高管与员工之间的收入差距具有显著的扩大效应。机制分析结果表明,数字化转型会通过提升员工人力资本水平缩小企业内部收入差距,也会通过提升管理层人力资本水平扩大企业内部薪酬差距。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对低议价能力企业与非技术密集型企业内部薪酬差距的影响更大。进一步分析表明,企业数字化转型产生超额薪酬差距的原因在于员工薪酬涨幅小于管理层。因此,数字经济时代,为实现企业数字化转型与收入分配的相对公平,政府应推动劳动力知识技能升级,优化劳动力结构,充分发挥人力资本在推动企业内部收入分配公平方面的作用,进而缩小企业内部收入差距。

企业数字化转型是否提升了绿色技术创新的“量与质”——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

企业绿色技术创新是降低碳排放实现高质量发展的重要途径。当前,越来越多的企业借助新兴的信息技术进行数字化变革,为绿色技术创新提供了有利机遇。从内部治理、商业信用融资和人力资本三个方面剖析企业数字化转型影响绿色技术创新的作用机制,以我国2007—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,进行实证检验。研究表明:企业数字化转型通过提升内部治理水平、提高商业信用融资能力和优化人力资本结构等促进绿色技术创新;进一步分析发现,数字化转型不仅促进了企业绿色技术创新的“量”,还对绿色技术创新的“质”产生了显著的正向影响。企业数字化转型对绿色技术创新的影响效应在国有企业、大型企业以及非重污染行业中更显著。

跨境电商改革与出口企业数字技术创新——基于跨境电子商务综合试验区的准自然实验

跨境电子商务综合试验区建设是我国积极推进制度型开放的重要举措,税费优惠和管理服务完善等跨境电商改革不仅能够激励外贸增长,还会对出口企业产生成本降低效应、人力资本提升效应和内部治理优化效应等积极影响,从而促进出口企业的数字技术创新。将跨境电子商务综合试验区建设作为一项准自然实验,采用沪深A股出口企业2007—2020年的数据,运用多期双重差分模型分析发现:跨境电子商务综合试验区建设(跨境电商改革)显著促进了试验区出口企业的数字技术发明专利增长,跨境电商改革可以通过降低融资成本和经营成本、提高技术人员占比和高学历人才占比、提升公司治理水平和内部控制质量等路径促进出口企业的数字技术创新,跨境电商改革对融资约束程度较高、地区人力资源丰富、ESG表现较差、环境不确定性较强的出口企业具有更为显著的数字技术创新促进作用。应持续推进和不断深化跨境电商改革,并充分发挥制度型开放对企业创新发展的激励作用。

企业ESG表现与国际资本流动——来自跨国数据的经验研究

ESG作为企业可持续发展的核心竞争力,可能成为驱动国际资本流动的新动因。本文基于2004—2021年51个国家面板数据,探究企业ESG影响国际资本流动的效果、作用机制、异质性表现及非线性关系。研究发现,ESG能够显著且稳健地促进国际资本的流动;机制分析表明,ESG作为推动企业可持续发展并增强企业价值的重要工具,会重塑企业价值观,通过提高企业生产率和金融发展水平途径,促进国际资本流动;进一步异质性分析表明,ESG对国际资本影响存在“边际效应”非线性递减特征。因此,考虑到ESG对全球资本市场的重要性,应加快建立健全ESG中国化制度体系,完善ESG披露指南、提高企业ESG信息披露和ESG治理水平。

全球经济政策不确定性对国际资本异常流动的影响

全球经济政策不确定性上升会提高国际投资的风险和成本,加上“外国劣势”的影响,投资者会减少对外投资,从而使国际资本出现本土化倾向的异常流动。采用24个发达经济体、25个新兴和发展中经济体2005年第三季度至2022年第四季度的跨国面板数据,将国际资本异常流动分为外逃、撤回、激增、中断4种类型,运用Probit模型分析发现:在样本期间,发达经济体的资本异常流动少于新兴和发展中经济体;全球经济政策不确定性上升会降低资本外逃和激增的概率,并增加资本撤回和中断的概率;全球经济政策不确定性对发达经济体4种异常流动的影响都显著,而对新兴和发展中经济体只显著影响了资本外逃和激增;全球经济政策不确定性会显著影响其他投资的4种异常流动,并显著影响直接投资的外逃和激增、证券投资的外逃和撤回;金融开放水平较低时,金融开放会强化全球经济政策不确定性对国际资本异常流动的影响,但当金融开放水平较高时,全球经济政策不确定性的影响不再显著。因此,应建立国际资本异常流动监测平台,完善国际投资监管机制,并积极推进高水平金融开放。

完善债券契约条款是作茧自缚吗?基于资本结构调整速度的视角

基于手工搜索的中国上市公司债券契约条款信息,构建契约条款指数,研究了债券契约条款对资本结构调整速度的影响。结果发现:债券契约条款的增加有助于提高公司资本结构调整速度。分契约条款类型来看,期权条款类、限制资产转移类、限制投资类和事件驱动类的契约条款显著提高了资本结构调整速度。债券契约条款主要通过影响债务融资方式促进公司资本结构向上调整。异质性检验发现,在国有公司和法律环境较好的公司中,债券契约条款与资本结构调整速度的正相关关系更显著。良好的公司信息透明度和内部控制有助于强化债券契约条款对公司资本结构调整速度的正向作用,并且完备的债券契约条款有助于降低公司融资成本,提高资本结构调整速度。本文研究表明,完善债券契约条款产生的约束并非是债券发行人作茧自缚,而是有助于公司降低融资成本,实现更加灵活调整资本结构的目标。

混合所有制改革与内部资本市场效率

基于2008-2021年国有集团成员企业数据,研究了混合所有制改革对集团内部资本市场效率的影响及作用机制。结果显示,混合所有制改革对国有企业集团的内部资本市场效率有显著的提升作用。机制检验发现,混合所有制改革通过非国有股东委派董事和提高内部控制质量提升了内部资本市场效率。混合所有制改革对集团内部资本配置效率的提升作用在非国有股东向企业委派董事时更显著,但非国有股东委派董事比例过高反而无法提升内部资本市场效率。进一步分析得出,在集团多元化程度高、市场竞争程度低时,混合所有制改革对内部资本市场效率有更大的提升作用。

医学实习生职业决策困难现状及与心理资本和应对方式的相关性研究

目的:了解新疆某高校医学实习生职业决策现状,分析其与心理资本和应对方式的相关性。方法:随机选取新疆某高校医学实习生303人进行问卷调查,采用一般资料调查表、积极心理资本问卷、职业决策困难问卷、简易应对方式量表对其进行调查。结果:303名医学实习生职业决策困难总分为(95.68±18.56)分,总均分为2.73分,比普通大学生职业决策困难的水平(2.79分)略低[1];Pearson相关性分析,职业决策困难总分与心理资本总分、积极应对方式总分、消极应对方式总分相关系数分别为-0.44、-0.32、0.23(P<0.01);多元逐步回归分析显示,心理资本、应对方式、大学期间是否担任学生干部、是否满意自己的专业及专业前景是新疆医学实习生职业决策困难的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:提高心理资本、采用积极应对方式代替消极应对方式、具备良好专业就业前景、提高专业满意度、增加学生担任学生干部的机会对减小职业决策困难具有积极的作用。