Biotransformation of Shrimp Wastes by Bacillus subtilis OKF04 and Evaluation of Growth Promoting Effect in Crop Planting

In this study,we proposed a reliable and sustainable technique for the clean utilization of shrimp wastes,which can yield a solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis OKF04 containing micronutrients at low cost without the risk of contamination.Study of the culture conditions revealed that the head of shrimp Litopenaus vannamei and the wheat bran acted as suitable substrates for the growth of B.subtilis OKF04.With 60%initial moisture content,30℃culture temperature,and 5%inoculation amount,followed by 48 hours of fermentation and 0.5%soluble starch added during the drying process(50℃for 6h),a solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant with a spore amount of 2.4×10^(10)CFU g^(-1)and a high amino acid content was obtained.The solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant was applied to cultivate pakchoi under pot experiment.As the result,of adding to,the size of stems and leaves,nutritional composition,and physiological activity of pakchoi were significantly(P<0.05)enhanced by solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant.B.subtilis OKF04 also significantly(P<0.05)increased the soil’s nutrient content and improved its microbial composition.Furthermore,pakchoi cultivated with a low dose of solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant(0.05 g kg^(-1)soil)resulted in the best results.This study provides a new method for the preparation of microbial inoculants with solid waste shrimp heads.

Optimization of carotenoids extraction from Penaeus semisulcatus shrimp wastes

Objective:To find effective method for carotenoids extraction from shrimp waste which is one of the important sources of natural carotenoids and produced in large quantities in Iran.Methods:Two methods of carotenoids extraction,enzymatic and alkaline(NaOH 1 normal)treatment,were assayed.About 5 g of gritted shrimp wastes were used at each stage.For alkaline treatment,sodium hydroxide were added to shrimp waste.After 48 h,the mixture was filtered and centrifuged.Results:Alcalase extraction produced(234.00±2.00)mg/L carotenoid and NaOH extraction produced(170.00±1.53)mg/L carotenoid.Based on the samples analyzed,alcalase enzyme showed more efficiency than NaOH extraction to achieve carotenoids from shrimp waste.Conclusions:It can be concluded that using alcalase enzyme for carotenoids extraction can produce higher carotenoids concentration than NaOH extraction method.So alcalase enzyme method can be used for achieving this kind of antioxidant.

Effect of Fermented Shrimp Waste Level in Feed on Biological Value on Native Chicken

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect and obtain the level of use of fermented shrimp waste in the feed that produces the best biological value in native chickens.The study used 125 one-day-old chickens(DOC)placed in 25 cages randomly,containing five chickens reared for eight weeks.The study used experimental methods,and the experimental design used was a completely randomized design with five types of treatment,namely,feed without the use of fermented shrimp waste(R0),feed containing 5%fermented shrimp waste(R1),feed containing 10%fermented shrimp waste(R2),feed containing 15%fermented shrimp waste(R3),and feed containing 20%fermented shrimp waste(R4),each treatment was repeated five times.The observed variables were absorbed nitrogen,nitrogen stored in the body,and biological value.Data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Distance Test.The results showed that the use of fermented shrimp waste at a level of 20%in feed resulted in the best biological value in native chickens.

Effect of Additional Feed Supplement Fermentation Shrimp Waste Extract on Digestibility in Sentul Chicken Growth Phase

This study aims to determine the effect of adding feed supplements of fermented shrimp waste extract in the ration on the digestibility of local chicken rations in the growth phase.The research was carried out in Jatinangor District as well as the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry,Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Padjadjaran University,Sumedang.The method used in this study was experimental with a Complete Randomized Design(RAL).The data were analyzed by fingerprint test(ANOVA)with further tests using the Dunnet test.The object of this study consisted of 20 Sentul chickens raised from the age of 1 day to 12 weeks,divided into 5 treatments and 4 tests.The treatment consists of P0=Basal ration without the addition of feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P1=Basal ration+0.5%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P2=Basal ration+1.0%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P3=Basal ration+1.5%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,and P4=Basal ration+2.0%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract.The changes observed are the digestibility of dry matter,the digestibility of organic matter,and the digestibility of proteins.The results showed that the addition of feed supplements for fermented shrimp waste extract had a significantly different influence on the digestibility of dry matter,the digestibility of organic matter,and the digestibility of protein.This study concludes that the addition of a feed supplement of 2%fermented shrimp waste extract in the ration can produce a high ration digestibility value for Sentul chicken in the growth phase.

Optimization and Application of Liquid Chromatography Determination of Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Purified Astaxanthin in Shrimp Waste

A new molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction（MISPE） monolithic cartridge was synthesized, and MISPE-DLLME（DLLME=dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction） was developed for purification of astaxanthin in shrimp waste. The eluent（methanol） from MISPE was used as the dispersive solvent in subsequent DLLME for further purifying and enriching the analyte prior to high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-water-dichloromethane（85：5：5：5, volume ratio）, flow rate was 0.7 mL/min and UV wavelength was 476 nm. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.2--200.0 lug/mL（r2=0.9998） with a limit of detection（LOD） of 0.08 Hg/mL, and the extraction recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 88.3%--92.5% with a relative standard deviation（RSD） less than 4.3%. Moreover, the mean contents of astaxanthin in the three batches of shrimp waste were 95.9, 85.4 and 77.2 μg/g, respectively. This method combining the advantages of MISPE and DLLME results in high selectivity and low cost, which was applied to determining the astaxanthin level in shrimp waste samples.