Theory and Application of System Integration for Real-Time Monitoring of Core Rock-Fill Dam Filling Construction Quality

The theory and method of system integration for the real-time monitoring of core rock-fill dam filling con- struction quality are studied in this paper. First, the importance analysis of system integration factors is carried out with the analytic hierarchy process. Then, according to the analysis result of integration factors, the conceptual model of system integration is built based on function integration, index integration, technology integration and information integration, the index structure of core rock-fill dam filling construction quality control is constructed and the method of function integration and technology integration is studied. The mathematical model of process monitoring is built according to monitoring objective, process and indexes. Research results have been applied in Nuozhadu core rock-fill dam construction management, realizing system integration through building appropriate monitoring work flow and comprehensive information platform of digital dam.

Optimizing Earth Allocation for Rock-Fill Dam Construction

An optimal allocation of earth is of great significance to reduce the project cost and duration in the construction of rock-fill dams. The earth allocation is a dynamic system affected by various time-space constraints. Based on previous studies, a new method of optimizing this dynamic system as a static one is presented. In order to build a generalized and flexible model of the problem, some man-made constraints were investigated in building the mathematic model. Linear programming and simplex method are introduced to solve the optimization problem of earth allocation. A case study in a large-scale rock-fill dam construction project is presented to demonstrate the proposed method and its successful application shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

The Deformation and Stress Analysis of Na Ba Reservoir Concrete Face Rock-Fill Dam

Based on the APDL （ANSYS Parametric Design Language） and combined with the actual project related to parameters of filling material, imported Duncan-Chang constitutive model which has been widely applied in soil mass and rock-fill in the ANSYS software. With the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis by the mid-point incremental method, what have been computed are the deformation and stress analysis ofNa Ba reservoir CFRD （Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam） in filling period. The calculation results provide practical reference for the dam during construction safety filling stress and deformation analysis and real-time monitoring.

Comparison between the Isotope Tracking Method and Resistivity Tomography of Earth Rock-Fill Dam Seepage Detection

This paper compares the different inversion results of three different earth rock-fill dam models with the actual leakage passages by performing isotope tracing tests and resistivity tomographic tests. The accuracy of the experimental results is evaluated, and the characteristics of these two methods are analyzed. As a result, some significant references are offered for earth rock-fill dam’s hidden defects detection. The experimental results show that the leakage and the direction of the seepage can be judged by isotope tracing tests, meanwhile, the degree of the leakage can be confirmed through the determination of the horizontal seepage velocity and the vertical seepage velocity, but it is difficult to properly determine the position of leakage passages and the range of leakage. Relatively speaking, the positions of the leakage passages can be accurately and directly displayed through resistivity tomographic tests. The experiment results show that the resistivity tomographic method is much better than isotope tracing method with regard to earth rock-fill dam’s hidden defects detection, and the resistivity tomographic method expresses much more convenience and much higher precision than isotope tracing method.

Application of 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Diagnosing Leakage in Earth Rock-Fill Dam

The leakage occurs during operation of the dam in Liuhuanggou reservoir. It’s a threat to the safety of the people’s lives and property in downstream. In order to eliminate the hidden danger of reservoir, ensure the safety of the dam, play better the function of flood control and water storage of the reservoir etc., we apply the 3D electrical resistivity tomography detecting technology and volume rendering image processing technology, make the measurement in field, process the data and combine the field survey to find out the leakage channels inside the dam. The results show that the 3D resistivity images appear the low resistivity zone corresponding with the leakage channels. There are two main leakage channels that come from different location inside the dam. It is feasible to diagnose the leakage in earth rock-fill dam by applying 3D electrical resistivity tomography.

堆石混凝土坝概述及下一代混凝土坝施工技术展望

Over the past few decades,one of the most significant advances in dam construction has been the inven-tion of the rock-filled concrete(RFC)dam,which is constructed by pouring high-performance self-compacting concrete(HSCC)to fill the voids in preplaced large rocks.The innovative use of large rocks in dam construction provides engineers with a material that requires less cement consumption and hydration heat while enhancing construction efficiency and environmental friendliness.However,two fundamental scientific issues related to RFC need to be addressed:namely,the pouring compactness and the effect of large rocks on the mechanical and physical properties of RFC.This article provides a timely review of fundamental research and innovations in the design,construction,and quality control of RFCdams.Prospects for next-generation concrete dams are discussed from the perspectives of envi-ronmental friendliness,intrinsic safety,and labor savings.

Prediction of Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dams Settlements Using Genetic Programming Algorithm

In the present study a Genetic Programing model (GP) proposed for the prediction of relative crest settlement of concrete faced rock fill dams. To this end information of 30 large dams constructed in seven countries across the world is gathered with their reported settlements. The results showed that the GP model is able to estimate the dam settlement properly based on four properties, void ratio of dam’s body (e), height (H), vertical deformation modulus (Ev) and shape factor (Sc) of the dam. For verification of the model applicability, obtained results compared with other research methods such as Clements’s formula and the finite element model. The comparison showed that in all cases the GP model led to be more accurate than those of performed in literature. Also a proper compatibility between the GP model and the finite element model was perceived.

双江口水电站堆石体附加质量法检测参数试验研究

附加质量法是应用于大坝堆石体碾压质量的重要检测方法,其现场测试参数设置是否合理,直接影响附加质量法检测数据的质量。为了获取现场测试参数,在双江口水电站大坝堆石料区选取了质量块直径、炮检距、震源高度等测试参数进行现场试验研究,通过对附加质量法数据采集、处理与分析全过程中间成果进行分析评价,确定了质量块直径为50 cm、震源高度为35 cm、炮检距为25 cm的现场测试参数,形成了一套测试参数的现场确定方法。

Parameter sensitivity and inversion analysis of a concrete faced rock-fill dam based on HS-BPNN algorithm

Considering the complex nonlinear relationship between the material parameters of a concrete faced rock-fill dam(CFRD) and its displacements, the harmony search(HS) algorithm is used to optimize the back propagation neural network(BPNN), and the HS-BPNN algorithm is formed and applied for the inversion analysis of the parameters of rock-fill materials. The sensitivity of the parameters in the Duncan and Chang's E-B model is analyzed using the orthogonal test design. The case study shows that the parameters φ0, K, Rf, and Kb are sensitive to the deformation of the rock-fill dam and the inversion analysis for these parameters is performed by the HS-BPNN algorithm. Compared with the traditional BPNN, the HS-BPNN algorithm exhibits the advantages of high convergence precision, fast convergence rate, and strong stability.

Key technical problems of extra-high concrete faced rock-fill dam

This paper summarizes the main technical points related to 100 m-height-scale concrete faced rock-fill dams and analyzes the main problems and their causes occurring during construction of 200 m-height-scale concrete faced rock-fill dams. This paper has raised the key technical problems which need to study for construction of 300 m-height-scale concrete faced rock-fill dams based on the main experiences on the extra-high concrete faced rock-fill dams built after the year of 2000.

双江口大坝心墙盖板裂缝原因分析与处理措施探讨

堆石坝心墙盖板混凝土产生裂缝的原因通常是由于混凝土原材料、混凝土强度等级、混凝土施工工艺及混凝土温控措施等不满足设计图纸或施工规范要求所致。双江口水电站大坝心墙盖板在排除上述设计和施工因素的情况下,对比同类工程设计与施工经验[1],出现了高地应力、温度应力、灌浆抬动、长期未填筑覆盖等多种前所未遇的复杂情况,导致大坝心墙盖板施工在不同时段出现了不同状况的裂缝。工程建设管理单位高度重视裂缝问题,多次组织专家组和参建单位人员召开专题会议,共同分析裂缝产生的原因,研究出相应的处理及预防措施并予以实施,取得了较好的效果。

Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up-and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height.Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction.During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials.This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder.Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up-and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation.Apart from this situation,the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

For an overtopped rock-fill dam, the flow field consists of open flow and seepage flow, which have different properties. The overflow is characterized as variable flow and the seepage flow is not the Darcy flow, but non-Darcy flow. For the analysis of the flow characters, using the energy theory and the FEM, the author presents a method to calculate the combined flow (i. e. flow over and through a dam ) in this paper. The experimental work shows that, the calculated results agree well with the experimental ones.Therefore, it is not only possible, but also feasible to solve this problem with the presented method.

300m级高土石心墙坝流变特性研究

300 m级高土石心墙坝的流变特性对预判坝体竣工后长期变形及沉降具有重要的意义,对于研究防渗心墙能否适应坝体长期变形并正常工作亦至关重要。依托314 m高的双江口土石心墙坝工程,使用大型高压三轴仪对上、下游堆石料进行了流变特性试验研究,研究表明当最终的应力状态一致时,堆石料的流变按照分级加载和按照单级加载得到的流变曲线随着时间的发展差异性逐渐减小,最后基本趋于一致。在试验基础上,依据流变经验模型,得出了流变分析参数,并采用三维有限元法分析了300 m级土石心墙坝的流变特征。数值分析表明流变速率对坝体工后沉降幅度影响显著,由于试验中的流变速率较之现场坝料的实际流变情况明显偏快,因此流变速率的确定还有必要依据已建工程的反分析进行修正。

黏-弹性人工边界在双江口土石坝动力分析中的应用

应用黏-弹性人工边界于双江口土石坝的动力响应分析中,考察了黏-弹性人工边界及地基辐射阻尼效应对土石坝动力响应的影响程度。计算果表明,该方法比传统的固定边界无质量地基下的大坝加速度动响应结果降低了15%~30%,在土石坝的动力响应分析中应当予以重视。

改进的邓肯—张模型在大坝应力应变分析中的应用

针对邓肯—张模型在土石坝有限元计算中不能反映中主应力对土体强度和变形的影响,分别采用邓肯—张E-B原始模型及其改进模型对双江口大坝进行三维有限元静力计算,研究了考虑中主应力影响的改进邓肯—张E-B模型对双江口大坝有限元静力计算结果的影响。对比结果显示,由改进模型计算得到的坝体沉降减小,水平位移增大,表明考虑了中主应力的改进邓肯—张E-B模型使土体模量及泊松比增大,可更好地反映土体的应力—应变特性。

双江口水电站坝体材料及覆盖层坝基动力变形特性研究

筑坝材料的动力变形特性是进行大坝动力反应分析的基本依据之一,采用等效粘弹性模型计算时主要包括最大动剪模量Gmax与平均有效主应力的关系,动剪模量比G/Gmax与动剪应变幅γd的关系以及阻尼比λ与动剪应变幅γd的关系等。这些关系反映了在动荷载作用下土的应力应变关系的非线性与粘滞性特征。双江口水电站坝体材料及覆盖层坝基动力特性试验由两种试验方法同时进行,本文通过对比综合两种方法的试验参数。结果表明两种方法在不同的动应变区间有差异,应根据不同的计算模型选择使用。

强震区超高心墙堆石坝防震抗震研究及设计关键问题探讨

强震区超高心墙堆石坝地震残余变形、地震孔压增长及地震破坏模式的分析研究和安全评价指标,以及采取的抗震措施是心墙堆石坝防震抗震研究及设计中的关键问题。在总结当前心墙堆石坝防震抗震研究的基本方法及关键技术基础上,以长河坝、双江口水电站砾石土心墙堆石坝为例,对防震抗震研究及设计的关键问题进行探讨。

双江口水电站心墙堆石坝应力应变数值分析

采用三维静力有限元法,基于邓肯-张非线性弹性模型,模拟了双江口高心墙堆石坝在竣工期、蓄水期的应力与变位。研究了应力分布和极值应力的量值、区位。计算结果最大沉降变位为2.907 m,约占坝高0.93%,与类似工程相比沉降占坝高百分比较小。对上游堆石应力水平较高区域给出了工程建议。

300 m级高坝坝肩开挖单元工程优良率影响因素分析与研究

为提高双江口水电站坝肩开挖单元工程优良率,基于组合赋权理论,建立开挖单元工程优良率影响因素评价模型。考虑不平整度和超欠挖等因素,构建涵盖钢管刚度不足、样架加固方式不合理、角度检查频率不够、钻爆设备性能差等11项末端要素的坝肩开挖评估指标体系,运用G1-熵权组合赋权法评估坝肩开挖影响因素,并制定相应管控措施。结果表明:样架加固不合理、角度检查频率不够和梯段高度不合理是影响双江口水电站坝肩开挖单元工程优良率的要因。该方法在双江口水电站坝肩开挖施工过程中得到较好的应用,提高了评价的客观性和科学性。