The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range(NE China)consists of quartzsulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization,related to granite porphyry.Hydrothermal alteration is well-de...The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range(NE China)consists of quartzsulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization,related to granite porphyry.Hydrothermal alteration is well-developed and includes potassic-silicic-sericitic alteration,phyllic alteration and propylitic alteration.Three stages of mineralization are recognized on the basis of field evidence and petrographic observation,demarcated by assemblages of quartz-pyritearsenopyrite(early stage),quartz-polymetallic sulfide(intermediate stage)and quartz-carbonate-pyrite(late stage).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 146.7±1.2 Ma(Late Jurassic).Microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy shows that ore minerals were deposited in conditions of intermediate temperatures(175-359℃),low salinity(0.5-9.3 wt% Na Cl eqv.)and low density(0.60-0.91 g/cm^(3)).Ore-forming fluids were derived largely from magmatic hydrothermal processes,with late-stage addition of meteoric water,belonging to a H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)±CH_(4) system.The δ^(34)SV-CDT values range from 0.75‰ to 4.70‰.The ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb,and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb values of the ore minerals are in the ranges of 18.240-18.371,15.542-15.570,and 38.100-38.178,respectively.Data for the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore-forming metals and sulfur were derived from Mesozoic magma.Based on the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study,we conclude that the Dongjun deposit is a mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit controlled by fractures and related to granite porphyry,in response to Late Jurassic tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal activity.We further conclude that fluid immiscibility,fluid mixing and fluid-rock interactions were the dominant mechanisms for deposition of the ore-forming materials.展开更多
Manganoan skarns consist of special Mn (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) silicate metasomatic minerals and are usually associated with Pb-Zn(Ag) mineralization. They occur chiefly along the lithologic contacts or faults and fractures ...Manganoan skarns consist of special Mn (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) silicate metasomatic minerals and are usually associated with Pb-Zn(Ag) mineralization. They occur chiefly along the lithologic contacts or faults and fractures of carbonate wall rocks distal from the intrusive contact zone, and are combined with Fe, Cu, W, Sn and Cu-bearing calcic or magnesian skarns occurring in the contact zones to constitute certain metasomatic zoning. Manganoan skarns are formed later than calcic or magnesian skarns. Their rock-forming temperatures are lower than those of calcic or magnesian skarns. The mineral assemblages of manganoan skarns occurring in different carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) are notably different.展开更多
The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with fav...The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with favorable metallogenic conditions,strong prospecting signs,and high metallogenic potential.This paper reports a study involving integrated geophysical methods,including controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric,gravity,magnetic,and shallow-seismic-reflection methods,to determine the spatial distribution of ore-controlling structures and subsurface intrusive rock for a depth range of<2000 m in the Shuangjianzishan ore district.The objective of this study is to construct a metallogenic model of the ore district and provide a scientific basis for the exploration of similar deposits in the deep and surrounding regions.We used three-dimensional inversion for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data based on the limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm,and three-dimensional physical-property inversion for the gravity and magnetic data to obtain information about the subsurface distribution of ore-controlling structures and intrusive rocks.Under seismic reflection results,regional geology,petrophysical properties,and borehole information,the geophysical investigation shows that the Dashizhai group,which contains the main ore-bearing strata in the ore district,is distributed within a depth range of<1239 m,and is thick in the Xinglongshan ore block and the eastern part of the Shuangjianzishan ore block.The mineralization is spatially associated with a fault system characterized by NE-,NW-,and N-trending faults.The magnetic and electrical models identify large,deep bodies of intrusive rock that are inferred to have been involved in mineralization,with local shallow emplacement of some intrusions.Combining the subsurface spatial distributions of ore-bearing strata,ore-controlling faults,and intrusive rock,we propose two different metallogenic models for the Shuangjianzishan ore district,which provide a scientific basis for further prospecting in the deep regions of the ore district and surrounding areas.展开更多
The Fudian ore field in the southern North China Craton hosts the giant Donggou porphyry Mo deposit and several Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposits. Ore genesis of the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits and their relationships with the Donggou por...The Fudian ore field in the southern North China Craton hosts the giant Donggou porphyry Mo deposit and several Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposits. Ore genesis of the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits and their relationships with the Donggou porphyry-related system are still controversial, which further restricts the regional prospecting and exploration. The Laodaizhanggou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northwest of the ore field was focused in this study, to investigate its ore-forming age and genesis, and further to explore the implications for regional prospecting of Pb-Zn-Ag and Mo. The Pb-Zn-Ag veins at Laodaizhanggou are structurally controlled by the east-striking fault zones transecting the host volcanic rocks of Proterozoic Xiong’er Group. Field observations and textural relationships indicate that there are four paragenetic stages during ore-forming process, including the quartz-pyrite veins(stage I), siderite-polymetallic sulfide veins(stage II), ankerite-polymetallic sulfide veins(stage III), and quartz-calcite veins(stage IV). Ore-related sericite 40 Ar/39 Ar dating shows that the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization at Laodaizhanggou was formed at 124.7±1.2 Ma. Carbonate minerals(siderite, ankerite, and calcite) have δ13 CPDB values of-9.1‰ to-3.9‰ and δ18 OSMOW of 12.1‰ to 15.6‰, corresponding to calculated values for the ore fluids of-8.0‰ to-2.8‰ and 4.9‰ to 10.1‰, respectively. These isotope values are in accordance with those of magmatic fluids. Sulfide minerals at Laodaizhanggou have δ34 S values of 5.3‰ to 10.1‰, and galena separates have 206 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 17.380 to 17.458, 207 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 15.459 to 15.485, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 38.274 to 38.370. Both S and Pb isotope data of Laodaizhanggou are consistent with those of the Donggou porphyry Mo deposit and distal Sanyuangou and Wangpingxigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, suggesting they share a similar magmatic origin. However, the Laodaizhanggou deposit was not the distal product of the giant Donggou porphyry-related magmatic-hydrothermal system, as the former is about 7 Ma older than the latter. The ore-forming age of Laodaizhanggou is consistent with that of the phase 1 magmatism of Taishanmiao batholith, indicating the Laodaizhanggou deposit is genetically related to ca. 125 Ma magmatism in the area. Combined the geochronological and geochemical data on Laodaizhanggou and the regional geological setting, we propose that the fracture systems in the northeast of the Taishanmiao batholith are potential sites for prospecting Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and the deep part among Laodaizhanggou, Xizaogou, and Liezishan is a target for prospecting porphyry Mo deposit.展开更多
The Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northern North China Craton(NCC)is hosted at the contact zone between Permian biotite monzogranite and Hongqiyingzi Group migmatitic gneiss.The orebodies are structurally contr...The Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northern North China Craton(NCC)is hosted at the contact zone between Permian biotite monzogranite and Hongqiyingzi Group migmatitic gneiss.The orebodies are structurally controlled by NE-trending F1 fault.Mineralization can be divided into three stages:(1)siliceous-chlorite-pyrite stage,(2)quartz-Ag-base metal stage,and(3)fluorite-calcite stage.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified,including:(1)liquid-rich aqueous inclusions,(2)vapor-rich inclusions,(3)liquid-rich,solid-bearing inclusions,and(4)CO2-bearing inclusions.Mi-crothermometric measurements reveal that from stage I to III,the homogenization temperatures range from 317 to 262℃,from 297 to 192℃,and from 248 to 151℃,respectively,and the fluid salinities are in the ranges from 1.1 wt.%to 6.5 wt.%,1.2 wt.%to 6.0 wt.%and 0.7 wt.%to 4.0 wt.%NaCl equiva-lents,respectively.Fluid boiling and cooling are the two important mechanisms for ore precipitation according to microthermometric data,and fluid-rock interaction is also indispensable.Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses indicate the fluid system of the deposit is composed of CO2-NaCl-H2O±N2.Me-tallogenic fluorites yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 158±35 Ma.Theδ34SV-CDt values of sulfides range from-1.3‰ to 6.3‰,suggesting that the sulfur may be inherited from the basement metamorphic ig-neous rocks.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a metamorphic origin for the ore-forming fluid,and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the ore-forming processes.Sr-Nd isotopes of fluorites show a crustal source for the ore-forming fluid,with primary metamorphic fluid mixed with meteoric water during ascent to lower crustal levels.Combined with the geological,metallogenic epoch,fluid inclusions,H-O-S and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of the deposit,we suggest that the Niujuan-Yingfang deposit belongs to the medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit,with ore-forming fluids dominantly originated from metamorphic fluids.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41372098)。
文摘The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range(NE China)consists of quartzsulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization,related to granite porphyry.Hydrothermal alteration is well-developed and includes potassic-silicic-sericitic alteration,phyllic alteration and propylitic alteration.Three stages of mineralization are recognized on the basis of field evidence and petrographic observation,demarcated by assemblages of quartz-pyritearsenopyrite(early stage),quartz-polymetallic sulfide(intermediate stage)and quartz-carbonate-pyrite(late stage).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 146.7±1.2 Ma(Late Jurassic).Microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy shows that ore minerals were deposited in conditions of intermediate temperatures(175-359℃),low salinity(0.5-9.3 wt% Na Cl eqv.)and low density(0.60-0.91 g/cm^(3)).Ore-forming fluids were derived largely from magmatic hydrothermal processes,with late-stage addition of meteoric water,belonging to a H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)±CH_(4) system.The δ^(34)SV-CDT values range from 0.75‰ to 4.70‰.The ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb,and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb values of the ore minerals are in the ranges of 18.240-18.371,15.542-15.570,and 38.100-38.178,respectively.Data for the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore-forming metals and sulfur were derived from Mesozoic magma.Based on the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study,we conclude that the Dongjun deposit is a mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit controlled by fractures and related to granite porphyry,in response to Late Jurassic tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal activity.We further conclude that fluid immiscibility,fluid mixing and fluid-rock interactions were the dominant mechanisms for deposition of the ore-forming materials.
基金the National Natural Scicnce Foundation of China grant 40073016.
文摘Manganoan skarns consist of special Mn (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) silicate metasomatic minerals and are usually associated with Pb-Zn(Ag) mineralization. They occur chiefly along the lithologic contacts or faults and fractures of carbonate wall rocks distal from the intrusive contact zone, and are combined with Fe, Cu, W, Sn and Cu-bearing calcic or magnesian skarns occurring in the contact zones to constitute certain metasomatic zoning. Manganoan skarns are formed later than calcic or magnesian skarns. Their rock-forming temperatures are lower than those of calcic or magnesian skarns. The mineral assemblages of manganoan skarns occurring in different carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) are notably different.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0601305)the China Geological Survey(DD20160125,DD20160207,DD20190010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41504076)。
文摘The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with favorable metallogenic conditions,strong prospecting signs,and high metallogenic potential.This paper reports a study involving integrated geophysical methods,including controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric,gravity,magnetic,and shallow-seismic-reflection methods,to determine the spatial distribution of ore-controlling structures and subsurface intrusive rock for a depth range of<2000 m in the Shuangjianzishan ore district.The objective of this study is to construct a metallogenic model of the ore district and provide a scientific basis for the exploration of similar deposits in the deep and surrounding regions.We used three-dimensional inversion for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data based on the limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm,and three-dimensional physical-property inversion for the gravity and magnetic data to obtain information about the subsurface distribution of ore-controlling structures and intrusive rocks.Under seismic reflection results,regional geology,petrophysical properties,and borehole information,the geophysical investigation shows that the Dashizhai group,which contains the main ore-bearing strata in the ore district,is distributed within a depth range of<1239 m,and is thick in the Xinglongshan ore block and the eastern part of the Shuangjianzishan ore block.The mineralization is spatially associated with a fault system characterized by NE-,NW-,and N-trending faults.The magnetic and electrical models identify large,deep bodies of intrusive rock that are inferred to have been involved in mineralization,with local shallow emplacement of some intrusions.Combining the subsurface spatial distributions of ore-bearing strata,ore-controlling faults,and intrusive rock,we propose two different metallogenic models for the Shuangjianzishan ore district,which provide a scientific basis for further prospecting in the deep regions of the ore district and surrounding areas.
基金We acknowledge financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772074,41402066)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2016YFC0600104).
文摘The Fudian ore field in the southern North China Craton hosts the giant Donggou porphyry Mo deposit and several Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposits. Ore genesis of the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits and their relationships with the Donggou porphyry-related system are still controversial, which further restricts the regional prospecting and exploration. The Laodaizhanggou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northwest of the ore field was focused in this study, to investigate its ore-forming age and genesis, and further to explore the implications for regional prospecting of Pb-Zn-Ag and Mo. The Pb-Zn-Ag veins at Laodaizhanggou are structurally controlled by the east-striking fault zones transecting the host volcanic rocks of Proterozoic Xiong’er Group. Field observations and textural relationships indicate that there are four paragenetic stages during ore-forming process, including the quartz-pyrite veins(stage I), siderite-polymetallic sulfide veins(stage II), ankerite-polymetallic sulfide veins(stage III), and quartz-calcite veins(stage IV). Ore-related sericite 40 Ar/39 Ar dating shows that the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization at Laodaizhanggou was formed at 124.7±1.2 Ma. Carbonate minerals(siderite, ankerite, and calcite) have δ13 CPDB values of-9.1‰ to-3.9‰ and δ18 OSMOW of 12.1‰ to 15.6‰, corresponding to calculated values for the ore fluids of-8.0‰ to-2.8‰ and 4.9‰ to 10.1‰, respectively. These isotope values are in accordance with those of magmatic fluids. Sulfide minerals at Laodaizhanggou have δ34 S values of 5.3‰ to 10.1‰, and galena separates have 206 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 17.380 to 17.458, 207 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 15.459 to 15.485, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ratios of 38.274 to 38.370. Both S and Pb isotope data of Laodaizhanggou are consistent with those of the Donggou porphyry Mo deposit and distal Sanyuangou and Wangpingxigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, suggesting they share a similar magmatic origin. However, the Laodaizhanggou deposit was not the distal product of the giant Donggou porphyry-related magmatic-hydrothermal system, as the former is about 7 Ma older than the latter. The ore-forming age of Laodaizhanggou is consistent with that of the phase 1 magmatism of Taishanmiao batholith, indicating the Laodaizhanggou deposit is genetically related to ca. 125 Ma magmatism in the area. Combined the geochronological and geochemical data on Laodaizhanggou and the regional geological setting, we propose that the fracture systems in the northeast of the Taishanmiao batholith are potential sites for prospecting Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and the deep part among Laodaizhanggou, Xizaogou, and Liezishan is a target for prospecting porphyry Mo deposit.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC0603801)the China Geological Survey Program(No.12120115033601).
文摘The Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northern North China Craton(NCC)is hosted at the contact zone between Permian biotite monzogranite and Hongqiyingzi Group migmatitic gneiss.The orebodies are structurally controlled by NE-trending F1 fault.Mineralization can be divided into three stages:(1)siliceous-chlorite-pyrite stage,(2)quartz-Ag-base metal stage,and(3)fluorite-calcite stage.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified,including:(1)liquid-rich aqueous inclusions,(2)vapor-rich inclusions,(3)liquid-rich,solid-bearing inclusions,and(4)CO2-bearing inclusions.Mi-crothermometric measurements reveal that from stage I to III,the homogenization temperatures range from 317 to 262℃,from 297 to 192℃,and from 248 to 151℃,respectively,and the fluid salinities are in the ranges from 1.1 wt.%to 6.5 wt.%,1.2 wt.%to 6.0 wt.%and 0.7 wt.%to 4.0 wt.%NaCl equiva-lents,respectively.Fluid boiling and cooling are the two important mechanisms for ore precipitation according to microthermometric data,and fluid-rock interaction is also indispensable.Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses indicate the fluid system of the deposit is composed of CO2-NaCl-H2O±N2.Me-tallogenic fluorites yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 158±35 Ma.Theδ34SV-CDt values of sulfides range from-1.3‰ to 6.3‰,suggesting that the sulfur may be inherited from the basement metamorphic ig-neous rocks.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a metamorphic origin for the ore-forming fluid,and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the ore-forming processes.Sr-Nd isotopes of fluorites show a crustal source for the ore-forming fluid,with primary metamorphic fluid mixed with meteoric water during ascent to lower crustal levels.Combined with the geological,metallogenic epoch,fluid inclusions,H-O-S and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of the deposit,we suggest that the Niujuan-Yingfang deposit belongs to the medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit,with ore-forming fluids dominantly originated from metamorphic fluids.
