Problems in Landscaping of Residential Areas in Huai'an City and Countermeasures

The present landscaping in residential areas of Huai'an City was introduced in this study, problems emerging from the landscaping were analyzed, and corresponding measures were proposed.

Real-time flood forecasting of Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas

A combination of the rainfall-runoff module of the Xin’anjiang model, the Muskingum routing method, the water stage simulating hydrologic method, the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method, and the real-time error correction method is applied to the real-time flood forecasting and regulation of the Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas. The Xin’anjiang model is used to forecast the flood discharge hydrograph of the upstream and tributary. The flood routing of the main channel and flood diversion areas is based on the Muskingum method. The water stage of the downstream boundary condition is calculated with the water stage simulating hydrologic method and the water stages of each cross section are calculated from downstream to upstream with the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The faded-memory forgetting factor least square of error series is used as the real-time error correction method for forecasting discharge and water stage. As an example, the combined models were applied to flood forecasting and regulation of the upper reaches of the Huai River above Lutaizi during the 2007 flood season. The forecast achieves a high accuracy and the results show that the combined models provide a scientific way of flood forecasting and regulation for a complex watershed with flood diversion and retarding areas.

Analyses on cancer incidence and mortality in Huai’an area,China,from 2009 to 2011

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in Huai＇an area, China, from 2009 to 2011. Methods： The data about cancer incidence and mortality were provided by Huai＇an Cancer Registry, China. Incidence and mortality rates, and standardized rates were calculated by age, gender, areas （urban and rural areas of Huai＇an） and cancer sites. Results： The crude incidence rate for all cancer sites was 205.60/105 and the standardized incidence rate was 166.22/10. Both the crude and standardized rates were higher in urban area than in rural area for both sexes. The inci- dence rates increased in people aged 40 and over, and the peak ages of incidence were between 70-75 in both males and females. The crude mortality rate for all cancer sites was 153.88/105 and the standardized mortality rate was 122.14/105. Both the crude and standardized rates were similar in urban and rural areas for both men and women. The mortality rates were at low level under the age 50 in both sexes, but increased after the age 50, reaching the peak at the ages of 80-85 in both males and females. The top 10 most common cancer sites in rank were esophagus, stomach, lung, liver, colon-rectum, breast, pancreas, cervix uteri, brain and central nervous system, and leukemia, accounting for 87.56% of all cancers. The top 10 most leading causes of cancer death in order were cancers of esophagus, lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum, pancreas, brain and central nervous system, leukemia, breast and lymphoma, accounting for 90.53% of all cancer deaths. Conclusion： Cancer is one kind of major diseases threatening people＇s health in Huai＇an area, China. Cancer prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for esophageal cancer.

Analyses on Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Huai’an Area, China, 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in Huai’an area, China, 2010. Methods: On basis of the criteria of data quality from National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR), data submitted from 8 registries in Huai’an area in 2010 were checked and evaluated. Descriptive analysis included incidence and mortality stratified by areas (urban/rural), sex, age group and cancer sites. Results: The crude incidence rate was 231.17/100,000 (males 276.04/100,000, females 183.87/100,000), age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) was 179.53/100,000 and by World standard population (ASIRW) was 177.24/ 100,000. The incidence rates increased rapidly in people aged 40 and over, and the peak ages of incidence were at 75 - 79 (males over 85, females at 75 - 79). The cancer mortality rate was 151.26/100,000 (186.06/100,000 in males and 114.58/100,000 in females), age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) was 116.67/100,000 and by World standard population (ASMRW) was 115.64/100,000. The mortality rates increased rapidly after the age of 50, reaching the peak at the ages over 85 in both males and females. Esophageal, lung, gastric, liver, colorectal, breast, pancreas, lymphoma, brain and central nervous system,?cervical were the most common cancer incident sites. Esophageal, lung, liver, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, brain and central nervous system, leukemia, breast and lymphoma were the most common cancer sites of death. Conclusions: The data quality of cancer registration is improving. As cancer burden remained high and was different between urban and rural areas, prevention and control should be implemented based on practical situation.

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer in Huai’an area,China from 2009 to 2011

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer from 2009 to 2011 in Huai'an area, China. Methods: The data about the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were provid- ed by Huai'an Cancer Registry, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease were analyzed. Results: Esophageal cancer was not only the first most common cancer, but also the leading cause of cancer death in Huai'an area. The crude and standardized incidence rates were 62.91/10 5 and 49.92/10 5 , and the crude and standardized mortality rates were 46.75/10 5 and 36.87/10 5 , respectively. The sex ratio (male-female) was 1.69:1 in incidence, and the incidence increased in people aged 40 years and over, reaching the peak at the ages of 70-75 years. The mortality rate was at low level under the age of 50 years, but increased after the age of 50 years, reaching the peak at the age of 75-85 years. Incidence and mortality rates varied regionally with the highest rate found in Chuzhou district (90.76/10 5 and 67.17/10 5 ) and lowest rate observed in Qinghe district (32.41/10 5 and 8.75/10 5 ). Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is the major burden of cancer in Huai'an area, and has marked geographic distribution difference. The key period of age for screening and prevention of the disease is 55-85 years old.

Petrogenesis of Adakitic Intrusive Rocksin Xu-Huai Area, Eastern China

The research of the petrology and the geochemistry of the Mosozoic intrusive rocks in Xu-Huai area indicated that they are mainly composition of dioritic porphyry and monzodioritic porphyry, and the features of the petrology and geochemistry of the Mosozoic intrusive rocks are extremely similar to those with the typical adakites. Combined with the petrography and the testimated results of the deep-seated xenoliths in the intrusive rocks, it indicates that the petrogenesis of the Mosozoic intrusive rocks could be resulted from the partial melting of amphibole-bearing garnet pyroxenite and garnet amphibolite in lower continental crust in this area.

江淮分水岭地区全域土地综合整治规划编制方法探索

全域土地综合整治工作是促进乡村振兴的重要抓手,当下由自然资源部开展的试点工作已进入推进实施和经验总结的阶段。江淮分水岭作为长江淮河的地理分界线,是重要粮食生产区和水源涵养区,该区域的全域土地综合整治工作具有重要示范意义。以肥东县范店社区为例,探讨江淮分水岭地区全域土地综合整治规划的编制方法路径,以期为同类型地区提供经验借鉴。

引江济淮典型受水区水源置换与地下水压采研究

皖北地区社会经济发展长期依赖地下水引发了地下水超采、降落漏斗等问题。《地下水管理条例》对地下水开发利用和保护提出了更高更严的要求,明确提出应推动实施地下水超采综合治理,开展地下水压采和禁采。引江济淮工程的实施为区域水源置换和地下水压采提供了良好的条件。以引江济淮典型受水区亳州市为典型研究区域,比对探讨各县区城乡水源置换方案,确定地下水开采井压采方案。结果可知:亳州是安徽省五个缺水城市之一,水资源禀赋条件较差,是典型的资源性、工程性和水质性缺水并存的区域,地下水是城乡生活、工业生产、农业灌溉的主要水源,由于长期集中开采深层地下水,谯城区、古井镇、涡阳县、蒙城县及利辛县形成了不同程度的地下水超采区。引江济淮工程为皖北地区地下水置换和压采提供了好的条件和可能性,各县区城乡地下水源置换均可行,随着地表水厂建设逐步完成,预计亳州市至2030年可封停地下水取水井802眼,封井率为92.2%;压缩地下水开采量1.84亿m^(3)。通过水源置换与地下水压采可改变现有供水格局,实现地下水资源合理开发利用和保护。

清至民国黄淮地区中产缺失与社会衰变

在中国皇朝时代,清代的“盛世”持续时间最长,清代君主的执政能力也被誉超越前代。历史上,黄淮之间的豫、鲁、皖、苏长期是中国政治核心区及文化最繁荣地区,但清代以后,这里却成为盗匪渊薮,根源就在于皇权的独大及官权的寻租。有权者极易上升为富贵的顶层,无权者基本上沦为贫困的底层,从而消灭了社会稳定的基本力量中产阶层。通过权力寻租造就的社会上层是国家破坏性的力量,使传统体制更加不公正;底层民众为了对抗不公的体制,要么趋向于“江湖”式的拉帮结会,要么体现为搏命式的“剽疾轻死”。即便民国开启共和法治之路,由于中产的缺乏,作为既得利益者的上层群体非常容易地对新政、新法进行狙击和破坏,使共和政制被抹黑并背上恶名,民众并不知道谁是自己真正的利益代言人,无以摆脱对传统上层的依赖。

玉米新品种对3种主要病害的抗性鉴定与评价

黄淮海地区是我国玉米主产区,镰孢茎腐病、镰孢穗腐病和小斑病是该区玉米生产上的3种重要病害,也是品种审定工作中实行“一票否决”的关键病害.为了明确玉米新品种对3种主要病害的抗性水平,为新品种审定、推广、引种及抗病育种工作提供依据,作者于2021—2022年鉴定并评价了参加河南省玉米区域试验和引种试验的405份玉米新品种对3种主要玉米重要病害的抗性.结果表明,对于玉米镰孢茎腐病,在2021年抗性鉴定试验202份品种中,高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感类型品种分别占比为31.68%、9.90%、42.57%、6.44%和9.41%;2022年参试的203份品种中,5种抗性类型品种分别占比为60.10%、9.36%、15.76%、9.85%和4.93%,两年均以高抗和中抗类型为主.对于镰孢穗腐病,在2021年试验中高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感类型品种分别占比为4.95%、66.83%、22.28%、4.95%和0.99%;而在2022年试验中,5种抗性类型品种分别占比为0、86.70%、11.82%、0.99%和0.49%,抗病类型两年均居主导地位.对于玉米小斑病,在2021年抗性鉴定试验中,高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感类型品种分别占比为28.22%、30.69%、26.73%、14.36%和0,而在2022年试验中,5种抗性类型占比0.49%、51.23%、28.57%、18.23%和1.48%,两年均以抗病类型居多.总之,两年河南省参加区域试验和引种试验的玉米新品种中,对黄淮海地区3种主要病害抗性类型(包括高抗、抗病和中抗)的品种所占比例较高,反映出玉米育种单位对3种关键病害抗病育种工作比较重视,为生产上利用抗病品种防治玉米主要病害提供了重要支撑.

通过种植制度改革实现黄淮海北部地区玉米机械籽粒直收

【目的】机械粒收是玉米收获技术发展的方向。在“冬小麦-夏玉米”一年两季轮作种植制度下,黄淮海北部地区热量资源不足,玉米生长季节有限,收获时籽粒含水率高,难以进行机械粒收,是世界上玉米机械粒收技术应用难度最大的区域,探索玉米机械粒收的可行性对推动区域玉米生产全程机械化和玉米产业提质增效、提升竞争力具有重要意义。【方法】2016—2017年在新乡、2018年在北京分别对郑单958、先玉335、迪卡517、京农科728和丰垦139等不同熟期品种的籽粒脱水积温需求进行系统观测;利用黄淮海北部地区近10年气象数据,以冬前预留500℃·d积温为小麦适宜播期,按玉米生长季节活动积温(≥0℃)100℃为梯度,将其划分为7个积温带;将区域热量资源条件和不同品种籽粒脱水积温需求进行定量匹配分析。【结果】在玉米正常夏播条件下,随着品种熟期提早,各供试品种在黄淮海北部地区达到生理成熟并且可以实现粒收的区域逐渐向北扩展,一般比小麦适宜播期推迟5—10 d,但是区域内北端和西端的积温带Ⅰ—Ⅲ(1900—2800℃·d)的热量资源仍无法满足熟期较早的京农科728和丰垦139籽粒含水率下降至25%甚至是达到生理成熟的积温需求。将冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟改为夏玉米-春玉米-冬小麦两年三熟制后,玉米春播和夏播各供试品种籽粒含水率都能下降至25%以下实现机械粒收,如果选择熟期较早的品种,在冬小麦或春玉米播种前还可以通过田间站秆脱水延迟收获,使籽粒含水率进一步降至20%以下,提高粒收质量,降低烘干成本。【结论】通过种植制度改革可以有效解决黄淮海北部地区玉米生长季节热量不足、收获时期含水率过高导致的玉米成熟度差、容重低、易霉变和机械粒收难度大的问题,实现提质增效。

黄淮海平原农村产业结构与用地结构关系研究——以曲周县为例

基于信息熵、结构变化率偏差系数和向量自回归模型,以曲周县为典型案例,研究黄淮海平原农村产业结构和用地结构的动态变化特征及其互动关系。结果表明,近年来,曲周县产业结构演变经历第一产业主导、一二产业均衡和第二产业主导的过程;第一产业用地占比极大,导致用地结构极不均衡,但目前正在向均衡状态发展。产业结构调整与用地结构调整之间不协调,用地结构调整具有滞后性,但二者之间存在长期稳定的相互关系。2009年之前,产业结构调整促进了用地结构变化,之后因果关系相反,且后期阶段的用地结构调整对后续用地结构优化及产业结构升级的带动作用更加持久和显著。未来一段时期内,通过提升第一产业用地效率、挖掘第二产业用地潜力以及拓宽第三产业用地范围等方式优化三次产业用地结构,是促进黄淮海平原农村地区产业结构不断升级的有效途径。

城市生态环境需水量研究

在探讨城市生态环境需水量基本概念和特点的基础上 ,对其进行分类 ,并发展了较为系统的研究方法 ,提出目前适宜的方法是从城市现状出发 ,将城市综合性分类与城市生态环境质量指标等级相结合 .以黄淮海地区城市为例 ,估算了该地区城市生态环境需水量等级 ,计算结果表明 :黄淮海地区城市最小和最优生态环境需水量分别为 39 34亿m3 和 187 82亿m3 ,最小生态环境需水量在城市供水中的比例为 5 2 7%.

黄淮海地区紫花苜蓿氮磷钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量研究

为高产优质苜蓿草地施肥提供科学依据,2016-2017年选择黄淮海地区苜蓿生产的典型区域沧州为试验点,以该地区当家苜蓿品种中苜3号(Medicago sativa L.‘zhongmu No.3’)为试验材料,采用"3414"二次回归最优设计试验方案,研究N,P,K肥配施对紫花苜蓿当年干草产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明,影响中苜3号苜蓿干草产量高低顺序为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。处理3(N_1P_2K_2)即施N 5.00kg·hm^(-2),施P_2O_5 60.00kg·hm^(-2),施K_2O 180.00kg·hm^(-2)时获得最高产量23 657.9kg·hm^(-2)。14个处理组合中,处理7(N_2P_3K_2)粗蛋白含量最高,为22.45%,处理6(N_2P_2K_2)粗蛋白含量最低,为16.87%。酸性洗涤纤维含量最低的处理3(N_1P_2K_2),为34.14%,中性洗涤纤维的含量最低的处理7(N_2P_3K_2),为51.27%。处理7(N_2P_3K_2)相对饲用价值最高,为111.36。综合分析,处理7(N_2P_3K_2)的初花期营养价值较高。根据产量模型分析,中苜3号苜蓿施N 4.10kg·hm^(-2),施P_2O_5 48.47kg·hm^(-2),施K_2O 270.00kg·hm^(-2)时可获得最高产量23 918.2kg·hm^(-2)。

黄淮地区冬小麦的抗晚霜冻害能力

使用人工移动霜箱,对黄淮麦区小麦霜冻害的抗冻性进行了研究。结果表明,按幼穗的冰点来判定不同品种的抗霜能力,可以将小麦的抗霜冻能力分为4个等级:-4℃以上抗性弱,-4～-5℃抗性较弱,-5～-6℃抗性较强,-6℃以下抗性强。随着生育进程的推进,小麦的冰点升高;随着茎高的增高,冰点升高,主茎和分蘖的受害率增大;随着细胞液浓度的升高,冰点降低,受害率降低。小麦在雌雄蕊末到药隔初的冰点温度较高。随着生育时期的推进,幼穗的冻死率升高,而其冻伤率降低。

黄淮麦区近年大面积推广小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

采用31对SSR引物对黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的25份小麦品种进行微卫星标记位点扫描及遗传多样性分析,共检测到148个等位基因变异,变化范围为215个,平均每个位点检测到的等位基因数为4.77个。位点多态性信息指数（PIC）变幅为0.2530.889,平均0.552。3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度为D〉B〉A,遗传多样性指数为D〉A〉B。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度为1〉7〉2〉5〉3=4〉6,平均遗传多样性指数为5〉3〉6〉4〉2〉1〉7。聚类分析表明,品种间的遗传相似系数（GS）变幅0.340.85,平均为0.61,SSR标记能将25份小麦品种相互区分开,在遗传相似系数（GS）0.59处,可将供试品种聚为5大类,其中80%的品种被聚在第Ⅰ类,同一地区或育种单位的品种大致聚在一个类群里。表明黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的小麦品种间遗传差异较小,遗传基础狭窄。

基于雷达卫星图像的黄淮海平原城镇体系空间结构研究

基于雷达卫星ScanSAR遥感图像分析 ,根据中心地理论 ,对黄淮海平原不同地貌、水文等要素影响下的城镇体系空间结构进行研究。结果表明 :1)利用雷达遥感对结构信息的灵敏反应和雷达卫星ScanSAR合适分辨率 ,在图像上直接显示出建成区的分布和范围 ,直观反映出城镇相对等级 ,这也表明雷达遥感在城市地理研究中的应用潜力 ;2 )黄淮海平原城镇空间结构深受自然条件特别是地貌尤其是水文 (河流、古河道、湖泊 )的影响 ,城镇体系可划分为 5种类型区 ;3)发展了河流影响下的中心地体系由六边形向五边形或四边形演化的构建模型 ;4)无论六边形还是五边形的中心地体系 ,本区体现了理论上对中心地间的距离构建法则与实际情况的良好关系 ,实证了克氏的中心地理论在黄淮海平原重要农产区的某种存在。

食管癌现场可疑病因和致病因素的预防研究

采用宏观和微观相结合的技术,对淮安市食管癌高发病因进行了定性和定量的分析,客观地揭示了当地食管癌高发的主要危险因素为居民自制且喜食的腌菜,其中 N-亚硝酸盐的含量在0.01～0.45 g/kg 之间,超标率为37.5%(15/40),N-亚硝基化合物测量值范围在0.20～110.50μg/kg,为重要的致癌病因;其次为饮水污染因素,经流行病学多因素 Logistic 回归分析及蚕豆根尖微核试验表明:水污染程度与微核出现率有剂量效应关系,污染严重的水域其微核均值与自来水对照有极显著差异;食管炎也为当地食管癌高发的病因因素之一,正常粘膜转化至慢性炎症的比例较高(34%),其中又有18%可发展成上皮增生和变异,提示应注意导致粘膜发生慢性炎症等癌前病变的危险因素。

黄淮麦区小麦新品种(系)的遗传多样性分析

为了解黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种的遗传多样性，选用33对SSR引物对2011／2012年度国家黄淮冬麦区（南片）区试42个小麦品种（系）的遗传差异情况进行了分析。结果显示，（1）33对引物共检测到128个等位变异，每对引物检测到等位变异数2～6个，平均3．88个；每个SSR位点多态性信息指数（PIC）为0．09～0．77，平均为0．53。（2）小麦新品种3个基因组的平均遗传丰富度不同，由高到低排序为A~B〉D，平均遗传多样性指数为B〉A〉D。（3）品种间遗传相似系数（GS）为0．15～0．88，平均为0．52。聚类分析结果表明，42个品种被聚为2大类，4个亚类，其中大部分品种聚集于前两个亚类。本研究表明，黄淮麦区小麦区试品种（系）中少数品种具有较大遗传差异，可为亲本利用提供参考，但参试品种总体遗传多样性水平较低。

黄淮海地区农田污染对粮食生产的制约及防治对策

农田污染是粮食高产的重要制约因素。分析了1981-2005年黄淮海地区小麦、玉米的生产现状,指出黄淮海地区这两种作物的单产、播种面积和总产在波动中持续增长;但是,由于粮食生产提高的需要,1991-2004年黄淮海地区使用了大量的化肥、农药和农膜,造成了土壤、农田灌溉水的污染,已成为粮食生产的制约因素。从实际出发,提出了农田产地环境污染的防治对策。