理学D／MAX—1400全自动X射线衍射仪SHUTTER单元工作原理及？…

在介绍ＳＨＵＴＴＥＲ单元工作原理基础上，分析自控方式快门出现故障的可能原因，作出相应排除措施。

Ultra Fast Shutter Driven by Pulsed High Current

Radiation simulation utilizing plasma radiation sources (PRS) generates a large number of undesirable debris, which may damage the expensive diagnosing detectors. An ultra fast shutter (UFS) driven by pulsed high current can erect a physical barrier to the slowly moving debris after allowing the passage of X-ray photons. The UFS consists of a pair of thin metal foils twisting the parallel axes in a Nylon cassette, compressed with an outer magnetic field, generated from a fast capacitor bank, discharging into a single turn loop. A typical capacitor bank is of 7.5μF charging voltages varying from 30 kV to 45 kV, with corresponding currents of approximately 90 kA to140 kA and discharging current periods of approximately 13.1μs. A shutter closing time as fast as 38 microseconds has been obtained with an aluminium foil thickness of 100 micrometers and a cross-sectional area of 15 mm by 20 mm. The design, construction and the expressions of the valve-closing time of the UFS are presented along with the measured results of valve-closing velocities.

Modeling and Rectification of Rolling Shutter Effect in CMOS Aerial Cameras

Due to the electronic rolling shutter, high-speed Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor( CMOS) aerial cameras are generally subject to geometric distortions,which cannot be perfectly corrected by conventional vision-based algorithms. In this paper we propose a novel approach to address the problem of rolling shutter distortion in aerial imaging. A mathematical model is established by the coordinate transformation method. It can directly calculate the pixel distortion when an aerial camera is imaging at arbitrary gesture angles.Then all pixel distortions form a distortion map over the whole CMOS array and the map is exploited in the image rectification process incorporating reverse projection. The error analysis indicates that within the margin of measuring errors,the final calculation error of our model is less than 1/2 pixel. The experimental results show that our approach yields good rectification performance in a series of images with different distortions. We demonstrate that our method outperforms other vision-based algorithms in terms of the computational complexity,which makes it more suitable for aerial real-time imaging.

The Properties of the Rectangular Arc Ion Plating with Magnetic Filtering Shutter

A major obstacle to the broad application of cathodic arc plasma deposition is the presence of macroparticles. In this paper, the properties of the large rectangular arc ion plating with a magnetic filtering shutter system to filter macroparticles are studied. It is proposed that the macroparticles in the plasma beam are effectively removed with the magnetic filtering shutter system, and the quality of the deposited films is improved.

Solar Shutters based on Photovoltaic Power Generation

This paper introduces a set of electrical energy-saving system for commercial office buildings,aiming at making better use of solar energy and photovoltaic power generation.Solar energy is a renewable energy source,which is inexhaustible clean energy and has great commercial application value.Based on this fact,we plan to design a unique and novel solar shutter in combination with the daily observation and the shape of solar panels.The shutter blades are equipped with an automatic light tracking system,and the angle of the blades can be adjusted in time through photoresistor induction,that is,as much solar energy as possible can be converted into electric energy for load use,and at the same time,comfortable light can be provided for the house.In essence,the system is a small photovoltaic power generation system,which runs all day with high-efficiency based on automatic sun tracking.Among them,the basic operation route includes:solar position detection,computer data processing,photovoltaic and electric volt energy conversion,circuit connection,etc.From the current debugging results,the shutter has the characteristics of humanization,high efficiency,cleanliness and so on.Through this energy-saving system,we hope to maximize the use of solar energy in the premise of low cost,so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

The Design and Experiment Studies of Optical Adapter with Integrated Dust Protection and Shutter Design

High power lasers (> +21dBm) have gradually become the common solution for signal transmitting systems including regional cable television, Fiber To The Home (FTTH), and gigabit passive optical networks (G- PONs) due to their ability to generate signals that can be transmitted over long distances. However, if protective design is not implemented in the facility at the client side, users may be exposed to health hazards such as eye damage from these high-power lasers. High-power optical adapters with laser shutter use metal masks to prevent eye exposure to direct laser beams. They have progressively replaced conventional optical adapters and entered the market mainstream. Our study uses the Elastic-Plastic theory together with parametric design to investigate the effect of geometry on the initial spring-back angle of a laser shutter. Once the force stabilizes, the angles of the initial spring back are found to be the same as the simulated results for several attempts. In our study, it is observed that factors including the thickness of the metal masking plate, the initial design angle, the stiffness of the material and the boundary conditions have significant influence on the spring back angle. These can be used as references in design control.

Shutter on Clutter

BEiJlNG housewife Liu Lifei described how she and her family started to feel claustrophobic in their apartment. Sharing 90 square meters of space with her husband, in-laws and son. it became increasingly crowded especially with son Yangyang growing up. But the ultra-high housing prices in Beijing made the family＇s dream of moving into a bigger apartment simply unattainable.

Shielding calculation for the thickness of the SR facility safety shutter

The safety shutter of the SR (synchrotron radiation) facility located at the front end of the facility is an in- dispensable component for radiation protection. Its thickness is decided by the gas bremsstrahlung produced in the SR facility storage ring by the interaction of electrons with the residual gas molecules in the vacuum chamber of the storage ring. In the calculation, the 3.5 GeV, 300 mA electron beam and a 15 m long insertion-device straight section (0.133 μ Pa) were taken into account, and the safety shutter was assumed to be located 12 m away from the end of the straight section. The EGSnrc code based on the Monte-Carlo method and empirical formulas were used, respectively, to calculate the thickness to satisfy the shielding requirement of the safety shutter at the front end of the SR facility, and the results were compared and the availability of EGSnrc was proved.

A star identification algorithm for rolling shutter exposure based on Hough transform

The star identification algorithm usually identifies stars by angular distance matching.However,under high dynamic conditions,the rolling shutter effect distorts the angular distances between the measured and true star positions,leading to plethoric false matches and requiring complex and time-consuming verification for star identification.Low identification rate hinders the application of low-noise and cost-effective rolling shutter image sensors.In this work,we first study a rolling shutter distortion model of angular distances between stars,and then propose a novel three-stage star identification algorithm to identify distorted star images captured by the rolling shutter star sensor.The first stage uses a modified grid algorithm with adaptive error tolerance and an expanded pattern database to efficiently eliminate spurious matches.The second stage performs angular velocity estimation based on Hough transform to verify the matches that follow the same distortion pattern.The third stage applies a rolling shutter error correction method for further verification.Both the simulation and night sky image test demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm under high dynamic conditions.The accuracy of angular velocity estimation method by Hough transform is evaluated and the root mean square error is below 0.5(°)/s.Our algorithm achieves a 95.7% identification rate at an angular velocity of 10(°)/s,which is much higher than traditional algorithms.

Rolling shutter aided optical camera communications with increasing communication distance

Although optical camera communication(OCC) is gaining increasing attention in research, developing a practical OCC system to increase data rate and transmission distance is still an issue. The rolling shutter can increase data rate, but it also limits the transmission distance at the same time. When the transmission distance is long, the thresholding method will become difficult and the block sequence number(BSN) is easy to be wrong due to bit errors, which will make it impossible to reorder the frame sequences. In this paper, in order to increase the transmission distance, we propose the efficient thresholding method which transforms partial mean gray values of per column nonlinearly to increase the contrast between light and dark bands. In addition, this method takes the frame image of the camera as the basic unit to adjust the threshold for the environment in which each frame of the image is located. Experimental results show that this method is better than the polynomial regression. Moreover, we perform the error correction of BSN by using its continuity to specify the legal BSNs and the illegal BSNs.

Hydrogen sulfide: the shutter button of stomata in plants

In the past few decades, Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） has been newly witnessed as a third gasotransmitter with similar biological functions to its two previously identified counterparts nitric oxide （NO） and carbon monoxide （CO）, after being recognized as a toxic gas with an unpleasant rotten-egg smell for hundreds of years. Following the recognition of its great pharmacological potential in mammalian （Mani et al., 2015）,

Rolling Shutter Camera:Modeling,Optimization and Learning

Most modern consumer-grade cameras are often equipped with a rolling shutter mechanism,which is becoming increasingly important in computer vision,robotics and autonomous driving applications.However,its temporal-dynamic imaging nature leads to the rolling shutter effect that manifests as geometric distortion.Over the years,researchers have made significant progress in developing tractable rolling shutter models,optimization methods,and learning approaches,aiming to remove geometry distortion and improve visual quality.In this survey,we review the recent advances in rolling shutter cameras from two aspects of motion modeling and deep learning.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first comprehensive survey of rolling shutter cameras.In the part of rolling shutter motion modeling and optimization,the principles of various rolling shutter motion models are elaborated and their typical applications are summarized.Then,the applications of deep learning in rolling shutter based image processing are presented.Finally,we conclude this survey with discussions on future research directions.

卫星用高能激光防护技术发展现状

高能激光技术不断发展,逐渐成为卫星在轨安全的威胁。介绍了高能连续激光和脉冲激光武器对卫星损伤机制的研究进展。针对卫星太阳电池阵、相机、星敏感器等光学系统以及热控多层、复合材料推进剂储箱等非光学关键结构防护特点,总结分析了线性光学防护薄膜、非线性光学防护薄膜、相变材料、机械快门、高损伤阈值薄膜和防护罩等各种高能激光防护技术的主要原理、发展现状和技术特点。

基于点转移矫正的视觉惯性里程计

针对卷帘相机的卷帘效应会引起图像扭曲,进而影响系统定位精度的问题,提出了一种融合IMU信息的点转移矫正的视觉惯性里程计。首先,针对卷帘图像扭曲问题,利用三焦点张量的点转移方法修正卷帘图像,相当于输入系统的是全局图像。其次,为了保证算法在嵌入式硬件上实时运行,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波进行信息融合来提高系统的定位精度和降低计算资源的要求。然后,引入静态检测和异常检测来保证系统的鲁棒性。最后,所提算法在手机上以25 Hz左右的帧率实时运行,并在真实环境下进行实验。公开数据集上的实验结果表明:与RS-VINS-Mono算法相比,所提算法的定位精度提升了27%,验证了该算法可有效融合视觉和惯性信息来减小卷帘效应带来的定位误差,提高了系统的鲁棒性。

HL-2A装置相衬成像系统的安全连锁与远程监控

通过在相衬成像系统光路中引入电控安全快门控制激光输出,并使用延迟电路实现了安全快门与HL-2A放电运行的同步触发,保障了诊断系统的安全运行,安全快门时间响应为26ms,其抖动误差1ms;利用四象限传感器实现了激光束斑位置的实时监测,获得了HL-2A装置垂直和水平方向的振动数据。所发展的电控快门技术和激光实时监测系统不仅能够大幅提高相衬成像系统的安全性和可靠性,对于HL-2A/2M装置诊断系统的发展和完善也具有重要意义。

基于主动进气格栅的热泵空调系统能耗控制策略

为了降低热泵空调系统的能耗,针对车速、进气格栅开口面积等不同参数,以匹配主动进气格栅(AGS)电动汽车的热泵空调系统为研究对象,开发了一种热泵空调热管理系统及能耗控制策略,仿真计算高、低温环境和不同AGS开度条件下的系统能耗,并采用实车环境舱标定方法分析了-7℃低温和35℃高温环境不同AGS开度下空调系统及风阻能耗实测值差异。试验结果表明:高温和低温环境下,AGS开度越大,风阻能耗越高,但空调与风阻综合能耗越低;AGS开度增大相同数值时,高温条件下的能耗贡献量大于低温条件下的能耗贡献量。

主动进气格栅在混动车型应用的关键技术研究

【目的】主动进气格栅(active grille shutter,AGS)技术是优化整车热管理性能、风阻和油耗的重要手段之一,但AGS在混动车型的应用价值尚未得到明确的多方位评估,这导致主机厂对该技术的应用仍有疑虑。【方法】该文首次进行AGS在混动车型应用的多方位研究,提出一种混动车AGS开度控制策略。基于某混动车型,采用UltraFluidX、Amesim和Star CCM+等科学工具进行仿真,并开展整车油耗试验,多方位地评估AGS对整车风阻、热管理性能和油耗的影响。【结果】该混动车型在高速行驶时关闭AGS可有效降低整车风阻7.85%,主要原因是气流无法进入机舱,从而降低了机舱阻力;在该混动车型上应用AGS可满足热管理系统的性能需求,优化空调箱内循环比例,进一步提升热管理系统性能;安装AGS密封导流装置是改善机舱内热回流和防止冷空气逃逸的关键措施,可提高格栅进气效率和热管理系统性能;配备AGS并采用该文提出的AGS开度控制策略的该混动车型油耗比未配备AGS的对应车型的降低5.20%,效果显著。【结论】AGS对混动车型的整车风阻、热管理性能和油耗等均有较大提升,良好的AGS匹配设计和关联控制策略实施是促使未来混动车型能耗下降的关键之一。

伸缩式链条输送机设计及应用

在自动化立体仓库输送系统中,穿过防火卷帘门区域有2种类型的链条输送机,分析这2种链条输送机的特点和不足,设计出1种新型伸缩式链条输送机。文中介绍伸缩式链条输送机的组成、工作原理、结构,根据伸缩机构的运行情况,进行导轨滑块的受力分析、齿轮齿条的功率扭矩计算。伸缩式链条输送机具有运行稳定可靠、伸缩距离长、标准化设计等特点,适用于不同规格的防火卷帘门。

重庆地铁各型声屏障综合降噪效果研究

通过在重庆地铁各型声屏障的实际设置区段,对距外轨中心线7.5 m处的近轨声场和敏感建筑处进行同步噪声测试,分析数据并建立符合实际的重庆地铁声屏障降噪效果预测模型,并通过实测和模拟的方法研究重庆地铁各型声屏障的综合降噪效果。结果表明:对敏感建筑整体降噪效果最好的为顶部设置消声百叶的全封闭声屏障,敏感建筑处的噪声为56.4~61.1 dB(A),整体降噪效果最差的为2.5 m直立式声屏障,敏感建筑处的噪声为67.8~73.2 dB(A);使用单一线声源模式模拟全封闭声屏障降噪结果与实测误差较大,需在模型中通过添加结构噪声源等方式进行修正;利用修正后的预测模型,预测得出的降噪效果与实测结果具有较好的吻合性,各型声屏障中对近轨声场以及敏感建筑处降噪效果均最好的为顶部设置消声百叶的全封闭声屏障,实测降噪效果为4.9~15.9 dB(A),模拟得出降噪效果为7.7~17.1 dB(A)。

浅谈大型综合体公共建筑中庭消防疏散难点及其应用

阐述中庭的定义,分析对比单独中庭、中庭+回廊、中庭+回廊设置为亚安全区3种中庭消防疏散的设计模式,并从建筑中庭的防火分隔、安全疏散等方面探讨中庭消防疏散的几个要点,最后结合工程案例,探讨在实际项目的中庭建筑消防的应用。