Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigatin...Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigating a three-phase multicomponent ceramic consisting of Hf-rich carbide,Nb-rich carbide,and Zr-rich silicide phases,we report a newly discovered solid-state reaction process among multiphase multicomponent ceramic during ablation.It was found that this solid-state reaction occurred in the matrix/oxide scale interface region.In this process,metal cations are counter-diffused between the multicomponent phases,thereby resulting in their composition evolution,which allows the multicomponent phases to exist stably under a higher oxygen partial pressure,leading to the improvement of thermodynamic stability of three-phase multicomponent ceramic.Additionally,this solid-state reaction process appears synergistic with the preferential oxidation behavior among the oxide scale in enhancing the ablation performance.展开更多
Hypoeutectic and hypereutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics-lined composite pipes were produced by using the gravitational separation self-propagate high-temperature synthesis （SHS） process. The microstructure of ...Hypoeutectic and hypereutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics-lined composite pipes were produced by using the gravitational separation self-propagate high-temperature synthesis （SHS） process. The microstructure of the ceramics was observed by means of SEM and EPMA. The fracture toughness of the multiphase ceramics was tested by using the Vickers indentation method. The fracture toughness of hypoeutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics is 15.96 MPa·m^1/2 and that of hypoeutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics is 15.23 MPa·m^1/2. The toughening mechanisms were systematically investigated by means of SEM and XRD. The results show that the bridging toughening mechanism, stress induced ZrO2 transformation toughening mechanism, and microcrack toughening mechanism are the predominant toughening mechanism.展开更多
The Ni-based alloy composite coatings reinforced by nanostructured Al2O3-40%TiO2 multiphase ceramic particles were prepared on the surface of 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray technology. The microstructure and trib...The Ni-based alloy composite coatings reinforced by nanostructured Al2O3-40%TiO2 multiphase ceramic particles were prepared on the surface of 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray technology. The microstructure and tribological properties of the composite coatings were researched. The results show that the composite coatings mainly consist of γ-Ni, α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and rutile-TiO2 etc, and exhibit lower friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings at different loads and speeds. The composite coating bears low contact stress at 3 N and its wear mechanism is micro-cutting wear. As loads increase to 6-12 N, the contact stress is higher than the elastic limit stress of worn surface, and the wear mechanisms change into multi-plastic deformation wear, micro-brittle fracture wear and abrasive wear. With the increase of speeds, the contact temperature of worn surface increases. The composite coating experiences multi-plastic deformation wear, fatigue wear and adhesive wear.展开更多
The isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of the TiC-TiB2 multiphase ceramics fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis were studied.The result shows that the oxidation kinetics agrees to the par...The isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of the TiC-TiB2 multiphase ceramics fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis were studied.The result shows that the oxidation kinetics agrees to the parabolic rule within the temperature rang of RT to 1000℃. First at 600℃ TiB2 was oxidized to be TiO2. Then both TiB2 and TiC were oxidized to be TiO2 when temperature increased to 1000℃. A compact TiO2 film, the oxidation product, formed on the sample surface, which prevented further oxidation and resulted in a very high oxidation resistance of the sample.展开更多
Fe–Fe2O3–MnO2–sucrose–epoxy resin and O2 as reaction system and feed gas,separately,were used to prepare micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe2O4absorbent by self-reactive quenching met...Fe–Fe2O3–MnO2–sucrose–epoxy resin and O2 as reaction system and feed gas,separately,were used to prepare micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe2O4absorbent by self-reactive quenching method which is integrated with flame jet,selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS),and rapidly solidification.The morphologies and phase compositions of hollow microspheres were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the quenching products are regular spherical substantially with hollow structure,particle size is between few hundreds nanometers and 5 lm.Phase compositions are diphase of Fe3O4,Mn3O4,and MnFe2O4,and the spinel soft magnetic ferrite MnFe2O4 with microwave magnetic properties is in majority.Collisions with each other,burst as well as‘‘refinement’’of agglomerate powders in flame field may be the main reasons for the formation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFeOabsorbent.展开更多
Utilizing SHS Reactive Flame Spraying (RFS) technology, TiC-TiB2-Al2O3 multiphase ceramics coatings were produced on steel substrate. Phase constituents and microstructure of the ceramic coatings were analyzed. The pr...Utilizing SHS Reactive Flame Spraying (RFS) technology, TiC-TiB2-Al2O3 multiphase ceramics coatings were produced on steel substrate. Phase constituents and microstructure of the ceramic coatings were analyzed. The procedure of chemical combustion and structure transformation, reactive mechanism, and solidifying behavior during spaying were emphasized. Reactants which influenced on SHS spraying was discussed. SHS reactive spraying processes were studied. Mechanical properties of the coatings were tested.展开更多
3Y-TZP/3wt%Al_(2)O_(3) powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method,and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering.The micro-topography and the...3Y-TZP/3wt%Al_(2)O_(3) powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method,and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering.The micro-topography and the compositional analysis of synthesized ceramics were conducted through scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.A mechanical tester was used to analyze the Vickers hardness,fracture toughness,and bending strength of the synthesized ceramics.The results showed that the ceramic with a BN content of 12wt%showed the best processability,but had diminished mechanical properties(such as fracture toughness and bending strength).The ceramic with a BN content of 9wt%showed better processability than those with 3wt%and 6wt%BN.However,the fracture toughness was affected by the addition of 9wt%BN,making this ceramic only usable as a base material for a three-unit fixed bridge.In contrast,the ceramics with a BN content of 3wt%or 6wt%fulfilled the criteria for use in multi-unit restoration,but their low processability made them unsuitable for milling after sintering.展开更多
In reactive-hot-pressed ZrB_(2)-SiC-ZrC ceramics,ZrO_(2) was found to replace ZrC phase,hence leading to confusion in designing ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs).We employ high-precision X-ray diffraction and ele...In reactive-hot-pressed ZrB_(2)-SiC-ZrC ceramics,ZrO_(2) was found to replace ZrC phase,hence leading to confusion in designing ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs).We employ high-precision X-ray diffraction and electron microscopies to reassess the phase behavior during entire reaction and densification and to reveal the evolution of multiphase relationship at different stages before reaching the final ZrB2-SiC-ZrO_(2) composition.Frozen from transient liquid-phase,bulk glassy phase of 15 vol% was found to be constituted of Zr-Si-B-C-O with stable Zr:O ratio,which starts as early as in the intermediate stage to suppress ZrC in favor of SiC nucleation.Inhomogeneity in phase relations and microstructures results from variation in local transient liquid-phase to develop SiC phase in various modes and rates.As inferred from the earlier report of phase formation,competing reactions for ZrC and ZrB_(2) phases in the initial stage below 1000℃ were mediated via Zr-O-B-C liquid phase.Such liquid phase was moderated by stable B-O components,as initiated from surface oxides of starting powders.This picture under a continuous mother liquid phase can unify the reactions and sintering into a collective meltingenucleationegrowth process,which enables and guides the evolution of multiphase relationship through several stages to reach final densification at relatively low temperature with the help of residual oxides.展开更多
In this work,low-softening-temperature and low-modulus SiO_(2) was introduced as an embedded interface between SiC nanowires(SiCnws)and a Ba_(x)Sr_(1−x)Al_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramic matrix to enhance strength and toughnes...In this work,low-softening-temperature and low-modulus SiO_(2) was introduced as an embedded interface between SiC nanowires(SiCnws)and a Ba_(x)Sr_(1−x)Al_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramic matrix to enhance strength and toughness of the ceramic.During the sintering process,molten SiO_(2) enhances the flowability of the ceramic powders and modifies the dispersion of SiCnws.The strengthening effect of SiCnws was fully realized,and the flexural strength of the optimized ceramics reached 193±16 MPa,which represents an increase of 52.6%.After the formation of the embedded SiO_(2) interface with a low modulus,cracks can deflect along the SiCnws surface,which is consistent with the criterion of He and Hutchinson.This can effectively extend the crack propagation path,and the fracture toughness(K_(IC))is thus improved by 94.0%,reaching 3.1±0.5 MPa·m^(1/2).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072410 and 51602349).
文摘Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigating a three-phase multicomponent ceramic consisting of Hf-rich carbide,Nb-rich carbide,and Zr-rich silicide phases,we report a newly discovered solid-state reaction process among multiphase multicomponent ceramic during ablation.It was found that this solid-state reaction occurred in the matrix/oxide scale interface region.In this process,metal cations are counter-diffused between the multicomponent phases,thereby resulting in their composition evolution,which allows the multicomponent phases to exist stably under a higher oxygen partial pressure,leading to the improvement of thermodynamic stability of three-phase multicomponent ceramic.Additionally,this solid-state reaction process appears synergistic with the preferential oxidation behavior among the oxide scale in enhancing the ablation performance.
文摘Hypoeutectic and hypereutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics-lined composite pipes were produced by using the gravitational separation self-propagate high-temperature synthesis （SHS） process. The microstructure of the ceramics was observed by means of SEM and EPMA. The fracture toughness of the multiphase ceramics was tested by using the Vickers indentation method. The fracture toughness of hypoeutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics is 15.96 MPa·m^1/2 and that of hypoeutectic Al2O3-ZrO2 multiphase ceramics is 15.23 MPa·m^1/2. The toughening mechanisms were systematically investigated by means of SEM and XRD. The results show that the bridging toughening mechanism, stress induced ZrO2 transformation toughening mechanism, and microcrack toughening mechanism are the predominant toughening mechanism.
文摘The Ni-based alloy composite coatings reinforced by nanostructured Al2O3-40%TiO2 multiphase ceramic particles were prepared on the surface of 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray technology. The microstructure and tribological properties of the composite coatings were researched. The results show that the composite coatings mainly consist of γ-Ni, α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and rutile-TiO2 etc, and exhibit lower friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings at different loads and speeds. The composite coating bears low contact stress at 3 N and its wear mechanism is micro-cutting wear. As loads increase to 6-12 N, the contact stress is higher than the elastic limit stress of worn surface, and the wear mechanisms change into multi-plastic deformation wear, micro-brittle fracture wear and abrasive wear. With the increase of speeds, the contact temperature of worn surface increases. The composite coating experiences multi-plastic deformation wear, fatigue wear and adhesive wear.
文摘The isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of the TiC-TiB2 multiphase ceramics fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis were studied.The result shows that the oxidation kinetics agrees to the parabolic rule within the temperature rang of RT to 1000℃. First at 600℃ TiB2 was oxidized to be TiO2. Then both TiB2 and TiC were oxidized to be TiO2 when temperature increased to 1000℃. A compact TiO2 film, the oxidation product, formed on the sample surface, which prevented further oxidation and resulted in a very high oxidation resistance of the sample.
基金supported by the ational Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51172282)
文摘Fe–Fe2O3–MnO2–sucrose–epoxy resin and O2 as reaction system and feed gas,separately,were used to prepare micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe2O4absorbent by self-reactive quenching method which is integrated with flame jet,selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS),and rapidly solidification.The morphologies and phase compositions of hollow microspheres were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the quenching products are regular spherical substantially with hollow structure,particle size is between few hundreds nanometers and 5 lm.Phase compositions are diphase of Fe3O4,Mn3O4,and MnFe2O4,and the spinel soft magnetic ferrite MnFe2O4 with microwave magnetic properties is in majority.Collisions with each other,burst as well as‘‘refinement’’of agglomerate powders in flame field may be the main reasons for the formation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFeOabsorbent.
基金Supported by national natural science fund of P.R.China,No.50272084.
文摘Utilizing SHS Reactive Flame Spraying (RFS) technology, TiC-TiB2-Al2O3 multiphase ceramics coatings were produced on steel substrate. Phase constituents and microstructure of the ceramic coatings were analyzed. The procedure of chemical combustion and structure transformation, reactive mechanism, and solidifying behavior during spaying were emphasized. Reactants which influenced on SHS spraying was discussed. SHS reactive spraying processes were studied. Mechanical properties of the coatings were tested.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371183).
文摘3Y-TZP/3wt%Al_(2)O_(3) powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method,and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering.The micro-topography and the compositional analysis of synthesized ceramics were conducted through scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.A mechanical tester was used to analyze the Vickers hardness,fracture toughness,and bending strength of the synthesized ceramics.The results showed that the ceramic with a BN content of 12wt%showed the best processability,but had diminished mechanical properties(such as fracture toughness and bending strength).The ceramic with a BN content of 9wt%showed better processability than those with 3wt%and 6wt%BN.However,the fracture toughness was affected by the addition of 9wt%BN,making this ceramic only usable as a base material for a three-unit fixed bridge.In contrast,the ceramics with a BN content of 3wt%or 6wt%fulfilled the criteria for use in multi-unit restoration,but their low processability made them unsuitable for milling after sintering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51532006)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.16DZ2260600)the 111 Project of the Ministry of Education and the National Bureau of Foreign Experts(No.D16002).
文摘In reactive-hot-pressed ZrB_(2)-SiC-ZrC ceramics,ZrO_(2) was found to replace ZrC phase,hence leading to confusion in designing ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs).We employ high-precision X-ray diffraction and electron microscopies to reassess the phase behavior during entire reaction and densification and to reveal the evolution of multiphase relationship at different stages before reaching the final ZrB2-SiC-ZrO_(2) composition.Frozen from transient liquid-phase,bulk glassy phase of 15 vol% was found to be constituted of Zr-Si-B-C-O with stable Zr:O ratio,which starts as early as in the intermediate stage to suppress ZrC in favor of SiC nucleation.Inhomogeneity in phase relations and microstructures results from variation in local transient liquid-phase to develop SiC phase in various modes and rates.As inferred from the earlier report of phase formation,competing reactions for ZrC and ZrB_(2) phases in the initial stage below 1000℃ were mediated via Zr-O-B-C liquid phase.Such liquid phase was moderated by stable B-O components,as initiated from surface oxides of starting powders.This picture under a continuous mother liquid phase can unify the reactions and sintering into a collective meltingenucleationegrowth process,which enables and guides the evolution of multiphase relationship through several stages to reach final densification at relatively low temperature with the help of residual oxides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2204500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231007).
文摘In this work,low-softening-temperature and low-modulus SiO_(2) was introduced as an embedded interface between SiC nanowires(SiCnws)and a Ba_(x)Sr_(1−x)Al_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramic matrix to enhance strength and toughness of the ceramic.During the sintering process,molten SiO_(2) enhances the flowability of the ceramic powders and modifies the dispersion of SiCnws.The strengthening effect of SiCnws was fully realized,and the flexural strength of the optimized ceramics reached 193±16 MPa,which represents an increase of 52.6%.After the formation of the embedded SiO_(2) interface with a low modulus,cracks can deflect along the SiCnws surface,which is consistent with the criterion of He and Hutchinson.This can effectively extend the crack propagation path,and the fracture toughness(K_(IC))is thus improved by 94.0%,reaching 3.1±0.5 MPa·m^(1/2).
