TiO2-PES Fibrous Composite Material for Ammonia Removal Using UV-A Photocatalyst

This study focused on the development and characterization of TiO2-PES composite fibers with varying TiO2 loading amounts using a phase inversion process. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a sponge-like structure with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles within a polymer matrix. Their photocatalytic performance for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions under UV-A light exposure was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that PeTi8 composite fibers displayed superior adsorption capacity compared to other samples. Moreover, the study explored the impact of pH, light intensity, and catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms closely followed the Langmuir model, with the results indicating a correlation between qm values of 2.49 mg/g and the porous structure of the adsorbents. The research underscored the efficacy of TiO2 composite fibers in the photocatalytic removal of aqueous under UV-A light. Notably, increasing the distance between the photocatalyst and the light source resulted in de-creased hydroxyl radical concentration, influencing photocatalytic efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of TiO2 composite fibers as promising photocatalysts for ammonia removal in water treatment applications.

Synthesis of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)Ternary Composite Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Oxidation of 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Tetracycline Hydrochloride

AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)ternary composites were prepared to form a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and introduce Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst.The as-prepared AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure AgCl and Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for photooxidation of a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative(1,4-DHP)and tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)under visible light irradiation(λ>400 nm).The photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites depended on Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)content,and the catalytic activity of the optimized samples were 6.9 times higher than that of pure AgCl for 1,4-DHP photodehydrogenation and 7.3 times higher than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for TCH photooxidation.The increased photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and the introduction of Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst,which lowered the internal resistance,sped up the charge transfer,and increased the separation efficiency of photogenerated carries.Photogenerated holes and superoxide radical anions were the major active species in the photocatalytic process.

Preparation of Al_2O_3-SiO_2-TiO_2-ZrO_2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al 2O 3-SiO 2-TiO 2-ZrO 2 supported membranes were prepar ed by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al 2O 3, TiO 2(a natase), Al 2SiO 5, and ZrO 2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al∶Si∶Ti∶Zr,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lead to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investiga ted by XRD,SEM,AFM,EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the sur face nanoscale topography and microstructure of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.

Surface modification of LiCo_(0.05)Mn_(1.95)O_4 cathode by coating with SiO_2-TiO_2 composite

The cycling characteristics and low specific capacity of LiMn2O4 have always been the greatest obstacle to its commercialization. For the improvement of cyc le performance,the surface of LiCo0.05Mn1.95O4 was coated with ve ry fine SiO2-TiO2 composite prepared by sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of the coating materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD ） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The electrochemical performances of un coated and SiO2-TiO2 coated LiCo0.05Mn1.95O4 spinel at 25 ℃ and 55 ℃ were studied with a voltage range of 3.04.35V and a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. There is a slight decrease in the initial discharge ca pacity of coated LiCo0.05Mn1.95O4（119 mA·h/g） compared with that of uncoated （123 mA·h/g）. However the cycle ability of LiCo0.05Mn1. 95O4 coated by SiO2-TiO2 is improved. It is proposed that surface treat ment is an effective method to improve the cycle performance of LiCo0.05Mn 1.95O4. The surface modification is successful in minimizing the harmful side reactions within the batteries by placing a protective barrier layer betwe en the oxidizing cathode material and the liquid electrolyte.

水热反应温度对ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)复合催化剂的影响研究

为解决传统半导体光催化剂可见光响应能力弱、光生电子空穴复合快、能带结构导致载流子氧化还原能力弱等问题,采用水热法制备ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)(ZlS@BW)复合催化剂并系统研究水热反应温度对其结构性能的影响。当水热温度从80℃升高到160℃,ZlS@BW复合光催化剂结晶度提高,形貌转变为致密核壳结构,比表面积和光电性能先降低再升高,氟伐他汀去除率逐步上升。而当温度升高到200℃时,核壳结构遭到了破坏,比表面积和光电性能变差,氟伐他汀的降解效果降低,光催化性能下降。结果表明,水热温度为160℃时,制备的ZlS@BW复合光催化剂晶型结晶程度较高,且形貌致密,比表面积最大,产生的瞬态光电流最大,阻抗半径最小,具有最优光催化性能。对污染物氟伐他汀降的降解效率最高,可达到75.47%。

TiO_2/polyaniline composites:An efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under natural light

Polyaniline （PAn） sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 composites （TiO2/PAn） were successfully prepared and used as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of dye methylene blue （MB）. The results showed that PAn was able to sensitize TiO2 efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light （λ： 190 ～ 800 nm）, whereas pure TiO2 absorbed ultraviolet light only （λ 〈 380 nm）. Under the irradiation of natural light, MB could be degraded more efficiently on the TiO2/PAn composites than on the TiO2 Furthermore, it could be easily separated from the solution by simple sedimentation.

Grain Size and Wettability of TiO_2/SiO_2 Photocatalytic Composite Thin Filing

The uniform transparent TiO2/SiO2 photocatalytic composite thin films are prepared by sol-gel method on the soda lime glass substrates, and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET surface area, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the addition of SiO2 to TiO2 thin films can suppress the grain growth of TiO2 crystal, increase the hydroxyl content on the surface of TiO2 films, lower the contact angle for water on TiO, films and enhance the hydrophilic property of TiO2 films. The super-hydrophilic TiO2/SiO2 photocatalytic composite thin films with the contact angle of 0((o) under bar) are obtained by the addition of 10%-20% SiO2 in mole fraction.

Photocatalytic remediation ofγ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO_2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane （γ-HCH） in soils. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%〈70%〈50% 〈30%, Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2. The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities. In addition, effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexene, and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates, which were gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.

Preparation of hollow B–SiO2@TiO2 composites and their photocatalytic performances for degradation of ammonia-nitrogen and green algae in aqueous solution

Hollow B–SiO2@TiO2 composites were prepared by the wet chemical deposition method starting from TiCl4 and hollow B–SiO2 microspheres.TiO2 layers composed of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were coated on the surfaces of the hollow B–SiO2 microspheres probably through the formation of Ti—O—Si and Ti—O—B bonds.A great number of—OH groups were also present at the TiO2 coating layers.The presence of Ti—O—Si bonds and Ti—O—B bonds resulted in the formation of defects in the TiO2 coating layers,which decreased the band gap of the TiO2 coating layers to ca.3.0 eV and endowed the TiO2 coating layers with visible light absorption performance.The buoyancy hollow B–SiO2@TiO2 composites exhibited high photocatalytic activities for the degradation of ammonia-nitrogen and green algae.The conversion of ammonia-nitrogen reached 65%when the degradation of ammonia-nitrogen(43 mg·L-1 at pH value of 8)was catalyzed by the B–SiO2@TiO2(100:10)composite under the simulated solar light irradiation at 35°C for 660 min.The green algae(5 mg·L-1)were almost completely degraded over the B–SiO@TiO2(100:20)photocatalyst under the visible light irradiation at 35°C for 510 min.

Fabrication of biomaterial/TiO2 composite photocatalysts for the selective removal of trace environmental pollutants

Trace environmental pollutants have become a serious problem with special attention on the hazardous heavy metals, refractory organics, and pathogenic microorganisms. With coupling biosorption and photocatalysis to develop biomaterial/TiO2 composite photocatalysts is a promising method to remove these trace pollutants because of the synergistic effect. Biomaterials provide multiple function groups which can selectively and efficiently enrich trace pollutants onto the surface of the photocatalysts, thus facilitating the following transformation mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis. Biomaterials can also help the dispersion and recovery of TiO2, or even modify the band structure of TiO2. The fabrication of chitosan/TiO2, cellulose/TiO2, as well as other biomaterial/TiO2 composite photocatalysts is discussed in detail in this review. The application significance of these composite photocatalysts for the selective removal of trace pollutants is also addressed. Several problems should be solved before the realistic applications can be achieved as discussed in the final section.

Fabrication and characterization of SiO_(2(f))/Si)_3N_4 composites

A silicon dioxide fiber-reinforced silicon nitride matrix （SiOJSi3N4） composite used for radomes was prepared by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI） process using the SiCl4-NH3-H2 system. The effects of the process conditions, including infiltration temperature, infiltration time, and gas flux were investigated. The energy dispersion spectra （EDS） result showed that the main elements of this composite contained Si, N, and O. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） results indicated that phases of the composite before and after treatment at 1350℃ were all amorphous. A little fiber pull-out was observed on the cross section of the composite by scan electron microscope （SEM）. As a result, the composite exhibited good thermal stability, but an appropriate interface was necessary between the fiber and the matrix.

A Novel High Active TiO_2/AC Composite Photocatalyst Prepared by Acid Catalyzed Hydrothermal Method

A high active novel TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst was prepared and used for phenol degradation. It was much more active than P-25 and exhibiting good decantability, less deactivation after several runs and less sensitive to pH change. Diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS） revealed that the electronic change in TiO2 did not occur by the addition of AC. Results of SEM and XRD suggested that better TiO2 distribution can be achieved when optimal AC content was adopted. The performance of the prepared TiO2/5AC catalyst revealed great practical potential in wastewater treatment field.

Laser Cladding Al-Si/Al_2O_3-TiO_2 Composite Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31 B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mgl7Al12, Al3Mg2, Mg2Si, Al2O3, and TiO2 phases. Compared to the average microhardness （50HV0.05） of the AZ3 1 B substrate, that of the composite coatings （230HV0.05） is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution.

The effects of radiation damage on power VDMOS devices with composite SiO_2-Si_3N_4 films

Total dose effects and single event effects on radiation-hardened power vertical double-diffusion metal oxide semiconductor（VDMOS） devices with composite SiO2-Si3N4 film gates are investigated.The relationships among the important electrical parameters of the samples with different thickness SiO2-Si3N4 films,such as threshold voltage,breakdown voltage,and on-state resistance in accumulated dose,are discussed.The total dose experiment results show that the breakdown voltage and the on-state resistance barely change with the accumulated dose.However,the relationships between the threshold voltages of the samples and the accumulated dose are more complex,and not only positively drift,but also negatively drift.At the end of the total dose experiment,we select the group of samples which have the smaller threshold voltage shift to carry out the single event effect studies.We find that the samples with appropriate thickness ratio SiO2-Si3N4 films have a good radiation-hardening ability.This method may be useful in solving both the SEGR and the total dose problems with the composite SiO2-Si3N4 films.

Nanoindentation Study on Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2/Dental Resin Composites

The micro/nano-scale indentation tests were performed to explore the performance of bisphenol-α-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) dental resin composites. The effect of the filling content of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical properties of the dental composites was studied as well. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of the nano-SiO2 particles at low concentrations (up to 10 wt.%) can apparently increase the hardness and elastic modulus of the dental rein composites. The plasticity index indicates a best elastic recovery capability at a proper amount (4 wt.%) of the nanoparticles. Combined with the infrared spectrum, the mechanical enhancement mechanisms of the dental resin composites were analyzed.

Fe^(3+)-TiO_2/SiO_2薄膜催化剂的结构对其光催化性能影响

以硅胶为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同量Fe^(3+)的TiO_2光催化剂(Fe^(3+)-TiO_2/SiO_2),以氙灯为光源,罗丹明B为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行了研究。结果表明,Fe^(3+)-TiO_2/SiO_2比TiO_2纳米粉有更好的催化活性,Fe^(3+)的最佳掺入量为0.03％。罗丹明B在粉体和膜催化剂的作用下遵循不同的光催化反应机理。根据XRD,SEM,Raman,XPS和FTIR的表征结果可认为,TiO_2在SIO_2表面薄膜化和Ti-O-Si键的形成是催化活性提高和降解机理不同的主要原因。

MoO_3-TiO_2/SiO_2上光促表面催化甲烷和水合成甲醇和氢气

用分步等体积浸渍法制备了负载型复合半导体催化剂 Mo O3-Ti O2 / Si O2 ,通过 XRD,BET,TPR,IR,UVDRS和 TPD等手段对其进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,活性组分在载体表面高度分散 ,并具有量子尺寸效应 ,吸光阈值显著蓝移 ;Ti O2 在 Si O2 表面分散可增强 Mo O3与载体的相互作用 ,调变吸光性能 ,所形成的表面活性基元能够有效地吸附活化甲烷和水 .在 1 0 0℃下利用固定床环隙反应器借助紫外光的激发 ,通过“光 -表面 -热”协同作用 ,气相甲烷和水在 Mo O3-Ti O2 / Si O2 表面生成了甲醇和氢 ,选择性达到 85 .6% .

SiO_2-TiO_2两元气凝胶的制备及其结构表征

ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２两元气凝胶是一种新型纳米光催化氧化剂。本文以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）、钛酸丁酯为原料，以乙醇为溶剂，分别以ＨＮＯ３、醋酸为催化剂用溶胶－凝胶法经超临界干燥制备出了ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２两元气凝胶。研究了不同催化剂以及ＳｉＯ２：ＴｉＯ２不同配比等制备因素对溶胶－凝胶过程的影响。用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等测试方法对其结构进行了研究， 结果表明：所制备的ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２两元气凝胶具有大比表面积（６００ｍ２ｇ１），纳米多孔结构（骨架颗粒约为３０～５０ｎｍ，孔洞尺寸为几十ｎｍｎ）； 经乙醇超临界干燥所得的 ＴｉＯ２为锐钛矿型；所制备的ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２两元气凝胶比纯ＴｉＯ２气凝胶骨架结构强度得到明显增强。

SiO2-TiO2薄膜的制备及光致超亲水性能研究

为了制备具有良好的光致超亲水性的SiO2-TiO2薄膜,实验用溶胶凝胶法结合超声技术以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为前驱体制备SiO2-TiO2溶胶;采用浸渍提拉法在普通载玻片上涂膜;然后分别运用微波炉和马弗炉2种不同的烧结方式进行热处理制得产品。将所得产品分别进行接触角、紫外-可见分光光度计、FT-IR、AFM测试。结果表明:马弗炉烧结得到的SiO2-TiO2薄膜亲水性要好于微波炉烧结,并且在V(TEOS)∶V(TBOT)=0.75∶1时,接触角最小,可达到4.3°,满足防污自清洁的要求;红外谱图说明有Ti—O—Si键的生成,证明SiO2和TiO2之间生成了复合氧化物。

多孔SiO_2-TiO_2块材的结构与性质

以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸正丁酯和聚乙二醇等为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了多孔SiO2-TiO2系块状材料．着重研究了不同含钛量下材料的红外光谱、孔径分布和化学稳定性．实验表明:500℃焙烧2h后,可有效去除残余有机物,形成以Si-O和Ti-O键共存的无定形网络结构．引入较多钛量时,使材料的孔径分布变窄、平均孔径下降,同时样品的体积密度增加、而开口气孔率和吸水率则均下降．在80℃热水中浸泡72h后,吸附-脱附曲线的类型和形状几乎没有变化．随着Ti含量的增加,比表面积、孔容积和平均孔径的变化率减小, 耐水性提高． SiO2多孔材料在95℃的1％NaOH碱液中不稳定而溶碎,但随着Ti含量的增加,材料在碱液中的重量损失有显著减小的趋势,耐碱性明显改善．但引入Ti并不能提高该类多孔材料在98℃的20％硫酸液中的耐蚀性．