Preparation of BN/SiO_2 ceramics by PIP method

The precursor infiltration and pyrolysis（PIP） method for preparation of BN/SiO2 composites was used to improve mechanical properties, dielectric properties and feasibility of high temperature dielectric parts with large dimensions and complex shapes. In the processing procedure, the porous BN ceramic matrix was first successfully prepared by compacting the mixed powders of B and BN and then sintering them at a certain temperature under normal pressure of N2.The polycarbosilane（PCS） solution was vacuum infiltrated into porous BN ceramics at the room temperature and then at 800℃ in the air to depolimerize out amorphous SiO2, and sintered further at 1300℃ in N2 to get BN/SiO2 composites. The microstructure of materials was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and electron probe micro （analysis.） The thermo-decomposition mechanism of PCS was investigated by a TG-DTA and infrared （IR） spectrum analysis. The flexural strengths were measured by the three-point bending method. The dielectric constant and the loss tangent were measured by the wave-guide method. The results show BN/SiO2 composites were fabricated. The obtained composites posses a flexural strength of 61.96-93.31MPa, the dielectric constant in the range of 3.50-3.78 and the order of magnitude of the loss tangent at 10-3, which are good for the high temperature dielectric parts with large size and complex shapes.

Effects of Doping CeO_2,Er_2O_3 on Properties of TiO_2-SiO_2 Ceramics for Catalyst Supporter of deNO_x

Effects of doping CeO2 and Er2O3 on the mechanical strength, thermal expansion coefficient, sintering temperature of TiO2-SiO2 ceramics were investigated. The experimental results and the microscopic analysis of SEM, XRD, TG-DSC, FT-IR and TEM show that adding CeO2 and Er2O3 into TiO2-SiO2 ceramics can prohibit the growth of its crystal grains, make their size uniform and form them into a dense structure, which finally enhance its mechanical behaviors, and the lower thermal expansion coefficient that leads to an excellent property of thermal shock resistance. After the reforming TiO2-SiO2 ceramics doped by CeO2 was sintered at 1380℃, the bending strength reached to 83 MPa, and the thermal expansion coefficient was 9.8×10-6/℃within the temperature range of 25 ~ 800℃, which provides a promising basis of making equipped honeycomb catalyst of deNOx.

THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2LOW EXPANSION GLASS CERAMICS CONTAINING B_2O_3

Through measuring the coefficient of linear expansion, the structure and properties of the Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 low expansion glass ceramics containing B2O3 are studied by JR and XRD. It is shoutn that the IR method is efficient in the study of the glass-ceramics structure. There is a " Boron abnormality" in the system which has an important influence on the properties of the glass-ceramics.

Sintering,crystallization and dielectric properties of CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2 system glass ceramics

CaO-B203-SiO2 （CBS） glass powders are prepared by conventional glass melting method at different melting temperatures whose properties and microstructures are characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is found that there are SiO2 and some unknown phases in CBS glass melting liquid from 1 300 ℃ to 1 500 ℃ and the amount of these phases decreases with the increase of the melting temperature. The CBS glass melted at 1 450 ℃ could be sintered from 830 ℃ to 930 ℃ and the bulk densities of the samples are all higher than 2.4 g/cm^3. From the points of the properties and energy conservation, the melting temperature of 1 450 ℃ is the optimal melting temperature. The glass ceramic sintered at 850 ℃ exhibits better dielectric properties： er=6.33, tan6=2.2×10^-3 at 10 GHz, and the major phases of the samples are CaSiO3, CaB2O4 and SiO2.

Mechanical properties and plasma erosion resistance of BN_p/Al_2O_3-SiO_2 composite ceramics

BNp/Al2O3-SiO2 system ceramic matrix composites with different volume fractions （10%-60%） of hexagonal BN particulates （BNp） were prepared by hot-press sintering technique. Phase components, microstructure, mechanical properties and plasma erosion resistance were also investigated. With the increase of h-BNp content, relative density and Vickers＇ hardness of the composite ceramics decrease, while the flexural strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness increase and then decrease. The plasma erosion resistance linearly deteriorated with the increase of BNp content which is mainly determined by the density, crystal structure and atomic number of the elements.

Microstructure and fracture behavior of SiO_2 glass ceramic and TC4 alloy joint brazed with TiZrNiCu alloy

Vacuum brazing of SiO2 glass ceramic and TC4 alloy using a commercially available TiZrNiCu foil was investigated. The interfacial microstructure and the fractures were examined with an optical microscope （OM） and an S-4700 scanning electron microscope （SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer （EPMA）. The structure of joint interface was identified by XRD （JDX-3530M）. Meanwhile, the fracture paths of the joints were comprehensively studied. The results show that processing parameters, especially the brazing temperature, have a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints. The typical interface structure is SiO2/Ti2O＋Zr3Si2＋Ti5Si3/（Ti,Zr）＋Ti2O＋ TiZrNiCu/Ti（s.s）/TiZrNiCu＋Ti（s.s）＋Ti2（Cu,Ni）/TC4 from SiO2 glass ceramic to TC4 alloy side. Based on the mechanical property tests, the joints brazed at 880 ℃ for 5 rain has the maximum shear strength of 23 MPa.

Preparation of Al_2O_3-SiO_2-TiO_2-ZrO_2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al 2O 3-SiO 2-TiO 2-ZrO 2 supported membranes were prepar ed by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al 2O 3, TiO 2(a natase), Al 2SiO 5, and ZrO 2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al∶Si∶Ti∶Zr,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lead to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investiga ted by XRD,SEM,AFM,EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the sur face nanoscale topography and microstructure of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.

Influence of Excessive SiO_2 or TiO_2 on the Electric Properties of Ba_(0.92)Ca_(0.08)TiO_3 PTCR Ceramics

The dependence of electrical properties of Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 PTC ceramics on the SYO2 or TiO2 content was studied. The dependence of room, temperature resistivity on the SiO2 content was determined by the variation of the microstructure of Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 PTC ceramics . It was shown that a small amount of excessive TiO2 (2mol% ) added could increase the dielectric constant of materials, and it results in a reducing of the potential height (e·) of grain boundary. Thus, samples with particularly low room temperature resistivity were obtained. The relationship of PTC effect with the TiO2 content was also discussed by using the chemistry defect theory . The inferior PTC effect caused by excessive TiO2 may be concerned with the behavior of oxygen vacancies in the grains of ceramics.

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of ZrB_(2)-SiC Ceramics Fabricated by Tape Casting and Reactive Melt Infiltration

ZrB_(2)-based ceramics typically necessitate high temperature and pressure for sintering,whereas ZrB_(2)-SiC ceramics can be fabricated at 1500℃using the process of reactive melt infiltration with Si.In comparison to the conventional preparation method,reactive synthesis allows for the more facile production of ultra-high temperature ceramics with fine particle size and homogeneous composition.In this work,ZrSi_(2),B4C,and C were used as raw materials to prepare ZrB_(2)-SiC via combination of tape casting and reactive melt infiltration herein referred to as ZBC ceramics.Control sample of ZrB_(2)-SiC was also prepared using ZrB_(2) and SiC as raw materials through an identical process designated as ZS ceramics.Microscopic analysis of both ceramic groups revealed smaller and more uniformly distributed particles of the ZrB_(2) phase in ZBC ceramics compared to the larger particles in ZS ceramics.Both sets of ceramics underwent cyclic oxidation testing in the air at 1600℃for a cumulative duration of 5 cycles,each cycle lasting 2 h.Analysis of the oxidation behavior showed that both ZBC ceramics and ZS ceramics developed a glassy SiO_(2)-ZrO_(2) oxide layer on their surfaces during the oxidation.This layer severed as a barrier against oxygen.In ZBC ceramics,ZrO_(2) is finely distributed in SiO_(2),whereas in ZS ceramics,larger ZrO_(2) particles coexist with glassy SiO_(2).The surface oxide layer of ZBC ceramics maintains a dense structure because the well-dispersed ZrO_(2) increases the viscosity of glassy SiO_(2),preventing its crystallization during the cooling.Conversely,some SiO_(2) in the oxide layer of ZS ceramics may crystallize and form a eutectic with ZrO_(2),leading to the formation of ZrSiO_(4).This leads to cracking of the oxide layer due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients,weakening its barrier effect.An analysis of the oxidation resistance shows that ZBC ceramics exhibit less increase in oxide layer thickness and mass compared to ZS ceramics,suggesting superior oxidation resistance of ZBC ceramics.

Low-firing and temperature stability regulation of tri-rutile MgTa_(2)O_(6)microwave dielectric ceramics

A glass frit containing Li_(2)O-MgO-ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)component was used to explore the low-temperature sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric characteristics of tri-rutile MgTa_(2)O_(6)ceramics in this study.The good low-firing effects are presented due to the high matching relevance between Li_(2)O-MgO-ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass and MgTa_(2)O_(6)ceramics.The pure tri-rutile MgTa_(2)O_(6)structure remains unchanged,and high sintering compactness can also be achieved at 1150℃.We found that the Li_(2)O-MgO-ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass not only greatly improves the low-temperature sintering characteristics of MgTa_(2)O_(6)ceramics but also maintains a high(quality factor(Q)×resonance frequency(f))value while still improving the temperature stability.Typically,great microwave dielectric characteristics when added with 2wt%Li_(2)O-MgO-ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass can be achieved at 1150℃:dielectric constant,ε_(r)=26.1;Q×f=34267 GHz;temperature coefficient of resonance frequency,τ_(f)=-8.7×10^(-6)/℃.

Physics-embedded machine learning search for Sm-doped PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics with high performance

Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PMN-PT)piezoelectric ceramics have excellent piezoelectric properties and are used in a wide range of applications.Adjusting the solid solution ratios of PMN/PT and different concentrations of elemental doping are the main methods to modulate their piezoelectric coefficients.The combination of these controllable conditions leads to an exponential increase of possible compositions in ceramics,which makes it not easy to extend the sample data by additional experimental or theoretical calculations.In this paper,a physics-embedded machine learning method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in obtaining piezoelectric coefficients and Curie temperatures of Sm-doped PMN-PT ceramics with different components.In contrast to all-data-driven model,physics-embedded machine learning is able to learn nonlinear variation rules based on small datasets through potential correlation between ferroelectric properties.Based on the model outputs,the positions of morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)with different Sm doping amounts are explored.We also find the components with the best piezoelectric property and comprehensive performance.Moreover,we set up a database according to the obtained results,through which we can quickly find the optimal components of Sm-doped PMN-PT ceramics according to our specific needs.

基于瞬态平面热源法测定SiO_2气凝胶导热系数的试验

阐述基于瞬态平面热源法的Hot Disk热常数分析仪的测试原理,利用测试标准304不锈钢对仪器准确性及重复性进行了验证,同时研究了不同孔隙率SiO_2气凝胶的导热系数随温度和压力变化的特点。结果表明:Hot Disk热常数分析仪在测试SiO_2气凝胶导热系数方面具有优异的准确性和重复性;在相同的温度和压力下,SiO_2气凝胶的导热系数随着孔隙率增大而变小;当环境压力小于5×10~3 Pa时,导热系数随环境压力改变而变化不明显,当环境压力大于5×10~3 Pa,导热系数随环境压力升高而变化较大;当环境温度在100~500℃范围内,SiO_2气凝胶的导热系数随环境温度升高而略微变大,当环境温度继续升高时,导热系数随环境温度升高而迅速增大。

Ce添加对Cu-Fe/SiO_2催化合成气制低碳醇性能的影响

采用共浸渍法制备了添加不同Ce含量(相对于SiO_2的摩尔分数为0-20%)的Ce-Cu-Fe/SiO_2催化剂,在连续流动微型固定床反应器中考察了其催化CO加氢合成低碳醇反应的性能,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N_2吸附、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、CO吸附傅里叶变换红外光谱(CO-FTIR)和CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表吸:添加适量的Ce,一方面降低了Cu的晶粒大小,提高了Cu的分散度,进而提高了对CO的吸附能力;另一方面掺入的Ce和Cu之间存在相互作用,提高了CO解离和非解离吸附的能力,从而有利于CH_x的生成和CO的插入反应.上述两方面的共同作用同时提高了Cu-Fe/SiO_3催化剂的活性和醇的选择性.当Ce含量为10%时,在压力为3.0 MPa,温度为250℃,空速为6000 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)和H_2/CO摩尔比为2的反应条件下,Ce-Cu-Fe/SiO_2催化剂上醇的时空产率达到121.0 g·kg^(-1)·h^(-1),比未添加Ce的Cu-Fe/SiO_2催化剂的时空产率(58.0 g·kg^(-1)·h^(-1))提高了一倍以上.

SiO_2纳米多孔材料制备及其保温隔热特性研究

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了SiO2纳米多孔材料。通过采用先酸后碱二步法催化等多种优化工序,使材料具有多孔纳米结构,气孔率和比表面积增高,孔径和热导率降低,其孔洞率最高可达95%以上,孔径约20nm,比表面积1120cm2/g,体积密度0.003g/cm3,500℃时的热导率低于0.023W·m-1·K-1,成为保温性能最佳的固态材料。探讨了相关的保温隔热机理,认为低热传导系数硅材料,当具有很高的孔洞率和很低的体积密度时能更有效地阻隔热量的固体传导和气体传导。当孔径小于红外波长时,绝热效果有本质上的突变和提高。进行了纳米多孔材料和硅酸钙及有机硅复合的研究,制备了兼有很好保温性能和机械性能的保温隔热块体和柔性薄膜。

Tribological properties of nanostructured Al_2O_3-40%TiO_2 multiphase ceramic particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings

The Ni-based alloy composite coatings reinforced by nanostructured Al2O3-40%TiO2 multiphase ceramic particles were prepared on the surface of 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray technology. The microstructure and tribological properties of the composite coatings were researched. The results show that the composite coatings mainly consist of γ-Ni, α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and rutile-TiO2 etc, and exhibit lower friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings at different loads and speeds. The composite coating bears low contact stress at 3 N and its wear mechanism is micro-cutting wear. As loads increase to 6-12 N, the contact stress is higher than the elastic limit stress of worn surface, and the wear mechanisms change into multi-plastic deformation wear, micro-brittle fracture wear and abrasive wear. With the increase of speeds, the contact temperature of worn surface increases. The composite coating experiences multi-plastic deformation wear, fatigue wear and adhesive wear.

镁合金表面SiO_2-ZrO_2溶胶凝胶膜的耐蚀性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备SiO2-ZrO2复合溶胶凝胶膜。研究膜层制备工艺中的干燥、固化过程对膜层耐腐蚀性能的影响,从而确定了SiO2-ZrO2复合溶胶凝胶膜在镁合金表面的最佳沉积工艺。通过全浸腐蚀试验和电化学测试方法评价了膜层的耐腐蚀性能。试验确定最佳沉积工艺参数:干燥温度为80℃、干燥时间为9h、固化温度为250℃、固化时间为1h。在优化工艺条件下制备的溶胶凝胶膜层对镁合金基体有一定的防护作用,提高了镁合金的耐蚀性。

采用Ag-Cu-In-Ti钎料真空钎焊SiO_(2f)/SiO_2复合陶瓷与铌

设计了Ag-（15~26）Cu-（13~20）In-（3.1~6.9）Ti活性钎料,分别在780℃/20 min,780℃/40 min和800℃/10 min三种参数下实现了SiO_（2f）/SiO_2复合材料与铌的连接,分析了接头微观组织,测试了接头室温抗剪强度.其中800℃/10 min钎焊参数下的接头平均抗剪强度最高,达到21.6 MPa;微观分析结果表明,接头中靠近SiO_（2f）/SiO_2母材界面处形成了厚度约为2μm的连续扩散反应层,靠近铌的界面钎料与母材也形成了良好的结合.该钎焊参数下接头界面物相依次为：SiO_（2f）/SiO_2→TiO＋TiSi_2→TiO＋Cu_3Ti→Ag（s,s）＋Ag_3In＋Cu（s,s）→Nb.

纳米SiO_2改性ACQ防腐处理材的制备及抗流失性研究

利用纳米SiO_2改性ACQ防腐剂,以提高ACQ处理材的抗流失性。利用单因素法考察纳米SiO_2在ACQ溶液中的最佳分散条件,并考察改性ACQ处理材的抗流失性及其化学结构变化。结果表明:纳米SiO_2改性理想的工艺条件为:ACQ浓度为1.0%,纳米SiO_2质量为0.01 g,六偏磷酸钠/纳米SiO_2比例为15:1,超声时间为30 min,超声温度为20℃。经纳米SiO_2改性的ACQ处理材,其流失率明显下降,且从FTIR谱图中可见,纳米SiO_2改性处理是提高ACQ处理材中有效成分铜抗流失性的最主要原因。

Interface characteristics of Al_2O_3－13%TiO_2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding

Al2O3-13%TiO2 （mass fraction） coatings, prepared by laser cladding on nickel-based alloy, were heated using high frequency induction sources. The coating microstructure and the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results show that two-layer substructure exists in the ceramic coating： one layer evolving from fully melted region where the sintered grains grow fully; another layer resembling the liquid-phase-sintered structure consisting of three-dimensional net where the melted Al2O3 particles are embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix. The mechanism of the two-layer substructure formation is also explained in terms of the melting and flattening behavior of the powders during laser cladding processing. The spinel compounds NiAl2O4 and acicular compounds Cr2O3 are discovered in the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating. It proves that the chemical reactions in the laser cladding process will significantly enhance the coating adhesion.

偶联剂对EVOH/纳米SiO_2复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用不同的偶联剂KH550、KH560、KH570和KH8431对纳米SiO2进行表面改性,采用熔融共混法将未改性和改性纳米SiO2(5%(质量分数)SiO2)与EVOH共混制成复合材料,并吹塑成薄膜。利用FT-IR、TEM、SEM对不同偶联剂处理的纳米SiO2和复合材料的结构进行表征,并对复合材料的流变性能、阻隔性能、力学性能、耐热性能和透明性进行了表征。结果表明,纳米SiO2与4种偶联剂均形成化学键合,改性纳米SiO2比未改性纳米SiO2在EVOH中分散性好,加工时熔体的流动性更好。用KH550处理的纳米SiO2在EVOH中分散性最好,与EVOH能形成较大界面相互作用力,与EVOH/未改性纳米SiO2复合材料相比,EVOH/改性纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度和储能模量分别提高17.2%和136%,透湿、透氧系数分别下降11.2%和9.5%,透光率达到74.9%,雾度为14.9%。