Interdecadal changes in the western Siberian summer mean and extreme rainfall during 1982-2021

本文研究发现,西西伯利亚夏季降水在1995年后显著增加,2012年后又有所减少,极端降水日数和强度呈现一致的变化特征.伴随这两次降水的年代际增加/减少,西西伯利亚上空出现异常气旋/反气旋和水汽幅合/幅散.极端降水发生时的区域环流特征在三个时段基本一致:西西伯利亚低空出现气旋性异常,高空为西北-东南向的异常气旋-反气旋偶极子型.1995-2011年期间,极端降水日数更多,强度更强,上述异常环流型也更强.

东方百合Siberia多倍体诱导及其细胞学鉴定

本文以东方百合Siberia的试管苗为试验材料,研究了预培养时间、秋水仙素处理方法及浓度等因素对诱导试管苗多倍体的影响。研究结果表明:秋水仙素溶液直接浸泡较共培养法好,且以0.05%的浓度和浸泡48h为最佳组合,最终获得了18株四倍体试管苗。通过根尖染色体计数确定其为稳定的同源四倍体。显微观测气孔特征后发现:二倍体与四倍体植株的叶下表皮气孔密度及气孔保卫细胞长、宽差异均达到了极显著水平。

The Formation of Large Polymetallic Deposits of South Siberia According to Geodynamic Evolution of Paleoasian Ocean

The most of large industrial polymetallic (Zn-P b-C u) deposits of South Siberia region were formed at the early preorogenic stages of zonal Central Asian Mobile Belt, that was related to the Paleoasian Ocean evo lution and has multistage accretionary nature. The main epochs of manifestation of the polymetallic deposits are: the Upper-Proterozoic (Riphean), the Early-P aleozoic (Cambrian), the Middle-Paleozoic(Devonian-Carboniferous). There are three groups of geodynamic environments of the polymetallic and pyr ite-plymetallic deposits manifestation. They are: 1)Pericratonal subsidences an d riftogenic structures of the Riphean continental margin of the Siberian Platfor m; 2) Island-arc systems of Early-Paleozoic and Middle-Paleozoic age that wer e f ormed on the margins of Siberian continent and microcontinents (Bargusin. Tuva- Mongolian, Altai-Mogolian); 3)Marginal-continental volcano-plutonic belts. The formation of the majority of mentioned deposits is related to the mantle- crustal ore-magmatic systems, including volcanic and subvolcanic differentiated bazaltoid compexes, porphyry intrusions and dyke swarms. The connection if stra tiform Pb-Zn deposits in carbonate-terrigene sequences with volcanic processes is in most cases paragenetic or ambiguous.

东方百合‘Siberia’正反交及胚挽救

以‘Siberia’‘Martinique’‘After Eight O′clock’‘Sunshine Iceland’和‘Bonaire’为亲本进行杂交育种,并进行正反交实验,比较正反交结实率及有胚率;采用胚挽救技术克服受精后障碍,比较不同杂交组合、胚龄、培养方式、培养基对幼胚生长萌发的影响,以期建立一套适合东方百合‘Siberia’的正反交及胚挽救方案,创制东方百合新种质。结果表明:‘Siberia’与‘Martinique’‘After Eight O′clock’正反交存在受精障碍,但均获得了膨大子房及有胚种子;其中,‘Siberia’作父本的有胚率显著高于其作母本,在‘Siberia’与‘After Eight O′clock’组合中,其作父本的有胚率是其作母本的4.5倍;在‘Siberia’בMartinique’组合中有胚率是其作母本的2.3倍;在‘Siberia’בBonaire’杂交组合中有胚率是其作母本的1.01倍;在‘Siberia’בSunshine Iceland’杂交组合中有胚率是其作母本的1.2倍。胚挽救试验结果显示,70 d胚龄的幼胚最适合剥除胚乳培养,在‘Siberia’בSunshine Iceland’杂交组合中,其剥除胚乳培养的萌发率最高,是未剥除胚乳培养的5.5倍;胚离体培养的最佳培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L^(-1)NAA+0.3%蔗糖。杂交后的种子在播种20 d左右开始萌动,萌发率在0.8%~8.7%,40 d左右出苗率显著提高,其中在‘Siberia’בBonaire’杂交组合中最高达64.3%。

含ACC脱氨酶的PGPR对百合‘Siberia’生长及生理特性的影响

以东方百合‘Siberia’为试材,在其栽培过程中施入鞘氨醇杆菌属(SN-2)、不动杆菌属(BG)、不动杆菌属(XG)、金黄杆菌属(F)4株含ACC脱氨酶的植物根际促生菌及上述菌株混合液,以清水为对照,测定其株高、叶绿素相对含量、茎粗、花期及花苞数等指标,探讨含ACC脱氨酶的PGPR对东方百合‘Siberia’生长的影响,以期为菌肥的合理施用和开发提供参考依据。结果表明:BG菌株对株高的促进作用最大,比对照高10.27%;F菌株对整株花期的延长作用最大,比对照高5.70%;SN-2菌株对单朵花期延长效果最佳,比对照高14.70%;XG菌株对减少乙烯释放量的效果最佳,比对照低29.63%;同时发现4株混合菌液对提高种球采收品质均有一定促进作用,其鲜质量、周径及根长分别比对照高54.44%、25.09%和48.79%。综合比较来看,BG菌株对‘Siberia’的促生效果最佳。

Platinum-group Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from Porphyry-Cu-Mo Deposits and their Host Rocks(Siberia,Russia)

The concentrations of platinum-group elements （PGE） have been analyzed in primary magmatic magnetite samples from the Zhireken, Shakhtama and Aksug porphyry Cu-Mo deposits （Siberia, Russia） by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine the range of PGE contents in magnetites and to check whether magnetite from two main rock suites （barren plutonic suite and mineralized porphyry suite） has distinct PGE composition. The results presented here indicate that magnetites are enriched in PGE relative to whole-rocks. Comparison of ore-related porphyry and barren plutonic suites shows that magnetite exhibit relatively similar PGE distribution patterns in both suites. Variations in Rh and Ru contents were controlled by the oxygen fugacity during magma crystallization.

Alien invasive species in Siberia:current status and problem

Although alien and invasive plant species have been researched extensively in the European part of Russia,the situation in Siberia is another matter.Hitherto,alien and invasive species in Siberia have not received much attention because this problem was not especially acute in Siberia.The lack of attention on alien and invasive species in Siberia is attributed to three major reasons：1） Low vegetative productivity and sparse human populations in the Siberian territory have limited botanical research interest in the area.2） Severe Siberian climate likely prevents many alien and invasive species from increasing their distribution into Siberia.3） Most Siberian plant communities have not been human-transformed and thus may be resistant to newcomers.Nevertheless,recent increased economic activities have resulted in increasing plant migration to Siberia,and this process should be monitored.Furthermore,global environmental changes may also have made Siberia more favorable for more alien and invasive species.Currently,research on alien and invasive species has begun in the Altai-Sayan region（Western Siberia） and the Magadan region （Northeastern Asia）.

The impact of the environmental factors on the photosynthetic activity of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) in spring and in autumn in the region of Eastern Siberia

The taiga coniferous forests of the Siberian region are the main carbon sinks in the forest ecosystems.Quantitatively, the size of the carbon accumulation is determined by the photosynthetic productivity, which is strongly influenced by environmental factors. As a result,an assessment of the relationship between environmental factors and photosynthetic productivity makes it possible to calculate and even predict carbon sinks in coniferous forests at the regional level. However, at various stages of the vegetative period, the force of the connection between environmental conditions and the productivity of photosynthesis may change. In this research, correlations between the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) with the environmental conditions were compared in spring and in autumn. In spring, close positive correlation of the maximum daily net photosynthesis was identified with only one environmental factor. For different years, correlations were for soil temperature(rs= 0.655,p = 0.00315) or available soil water supply(rs= 0.892,p = 0.0068). In autumn within different years, significant correlation was shown with two(temperature of air and soil; rs= 0.789 and 0.896, p = 0.00045 and 0.000006,respectively) and four factors: temperature of air(rs=0.749, p = 0.00129) and soil(rs= 0.84, p = 0.00000),available soil water supply(rs= 0.846, p = 0.00013) and irradiance(rs= 0.826, p = 0.000001). Photosynthetic activity has a weaker connection with changes in environmental factors in the spring, as compared to autumn.This is explained by the multidirectional influence of environmental conditions on photosynthesis in this period and by the necessity of earlier photosynthesis onset, despite the unfavorable conditions. This data may be useful for predicting the flow of carbon in dependence on environmental factors in this region in spring and in autumn.

东方百合‘Siberia’花种球异地复壮技术研究

以东方系百合品种‘Siberia’的二茬种球为试材,研究了蕾长的不同时期摘除花序、剪枝平茬、喷施不同植物生长调节剂等处理对百合种球复壮的影响,以期总结复壮技术的实用性。结果表明:东方百合‘Siberia’种球在复壮过程中,摘除花蕾和喷洒植物生长调节剂能有效增大其鳞茎的重量和周径。

Wave-Breaking Features of Blocking over Central Siberia and Its Impacts on the Precipitation Trend over Southeastern Lake Baikal

Precipitation over southeastern Lake Baikal features a significant decreasing trend in July and August over 1979–2018 and is closely related to blocking occurrence over central Siberia(45°–70°N,75°–115°E).This study investigates the formation and maintenance of anticyclonic and cyclonic wave-breaking(AWB and CWB)blocking events and their climate impacts on precipitation in the southeastern Lake Baikal area.Both AWB and CWB blocking events are characterized by a cold trough deepening from the sub-Arctic region and a ridge amplifying toward its north over central Siberia,as well as an evident Rossby wave train over midlatitude Eurasia.For AWB blocking events,the ridge and trough pair tilts clockwise and the wave train exhibits a zonal distribution.In contrast,ridge and trough pair associated with CWB blocking events leans anticlockwise with larger-scale,meridional,and more anisotropic signatures.Moreover,the incoming Rossby wave energy associated with CWB blocking events is more evident than for AWB blocking events.Therefore,CWB blocking events are more persistent.AWB blocking events produce more extensive and persistent precipitation over the southeastern Lake Baikal area than CWB blocking events,in which moderate above-normal rainfall is seen in the decaying periods of blockings.A significant decreasing trend is found in terms of AWB blocking occurrence over central Siberia,which may contribute to the downward trend of precipitation over southeastern Lake Baikal.

Human responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ‘Siberia’ and Rosa ‘Escimo’

The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.

Southern East Siberia Pliocene-Quaternary faults:Database,analysis and inference

This paper presents the first release of an Informational System（IS）devoted to the systematic collection of all available data relating to Pliocene-Quaternary faults in southern East Siberia,their critical analysis and their seismotectonic parameterization.The final goal of this project is to form a new base for improving the assessment of seismic hazard and other natural processes associated with crustal deformation.The presented IS has been exploited to create a relational database of active and conditionally active faults in southern East Siberia（between 100°-114° E and 50°-57° N）whose central sector is characterized by the highly seismic Baikal rift zone.The information within the database for each fault segment is organized as distinct but intercorrelated sections（tables,texts and pictures,etc.）and can be easily visualized as HTML pages in offline browsing.The preliminary version of the database distributed free on disk already highlights the general fault pattern showing that the Holocene and historical activity is quite uniform and dominated by NE-SW and nearly E-W trending faults;the former with a prevailing dip-slip normal kinematics,while the latter structures are left-lateral strike-slip and oblique-slip（with different proportion of left-lateral and normal fault slip components）.These faults are mainly concentrated along the borders of the rift basins and are the main sources of moderate-to-strong（M≥5.5）earthquakes on the southern sectors of East Siberia in recent times.As a whole,based on analyzing the diverse fault kinematics and their variable spatial distribution with respect to the overall pattern of the tectonic structures formed and/or activated during the late Pliocene-Quaternary,we conclude they were generated under a regional stress field mainly characterized by a relatively uniform NW-SE tension,but strongly influenced by the irregular hard boundary of the old Siberian craton.The obtained inferences are in an agreement with the existing models of the development of the Baikal region.

Surface mass balance on Glacier No. 31 in the Suntar–Khayata Range, eastern Siberia, from 1951 to 2014

This study presents a 64-year （1951-2014） reconstruction of the surface mass balance of Glacier No. 31, located in the Suntar-Khayata Range of the eastern Siberia, where the ablation zone is characterized by the extensive dark ice surface. We use a temperature index-based glacier mass-balance model, which computes all major components of glacier mass budget and is forced by daily air temperature and precipitation from a nearby meteorological station. The glacier shows a mean annual mass balance of -0.35 m w.e.a-1 during the past 64 years, with an acceleration of -0.50 m w.e. a^-1 during the recent years. A cumulative mass loss of the glacier is -22.3 m w.e. over the study period, about 56% of which is observed during 1991-2014. In addition to the contribution of temperature rise and precipitation decrease to recent mass loss of the glacier, an experimental analysis, in which the clean and dark ice surfaces are respectively assumed to cover the entire ablation zone, indicates that dark ice surface, caused by insoluble impurities consisting of mineral dusts, eryoconite granules, and ice algae, plays a crucial role in the changing mass balance through enhancing melt rates in the ablation zone of the glacier.

A Seismotectonic Zonation Map of Eastern Siberia: New Principles and Methods of Mapping

The paper reviews goals and objectives, stages and components of a seismotectonic study conducted in Eastern Siberia, Russia. Based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data, our study establishes whether the local earthquakes are of tectonic origin and reveals relationships among earthquakes with recent geodynamic processes in the area under study. Seismic hazard assessment and evaluation of tectonic processes are the two major closely interrelated aspects of seismotectonic studies. A seismotectonic study is generally combined with a seismic study and conducted prior to the stage of detailed seismic zonation (DSZ) which is followed by seismic micro-zonation (SMZ). In three stages of the seismotectonic study, we analyze specific geological structures, reveal the regional dynamics of seismotectonic processes, clarify details of potential seismic hazard locations and identify sites of the potential instantaneous deformation of the crust which may take place due to active faulting. Based on results of our longterm studies, a seismotectonic zonation map of Eastern Siberia is compiled. The paper briefly reviews the methods of mapping and refers to data on active faults and neotectonic structures revealed in the area under study, which are closely related to regional earthquake sources.

The Paleogeographic Reconstruction for the Central Regions of the Western Siberian Basin in the Middle Jurassic Epoch

The complex investigation of the Bathonian sedimentary deposits in central regions of the WestSiberian basin was done.On the basis both of lithofacial analysis of core clefts and the geophysical investigation data and taking into account the tectonic features of the Jurassic structural storey the sedimenttological model of deposits was built and the main regularities of its building were identified.At the initial stage the framework of alluvial lower plain

Lithologic and Petrographic Characteristics of Vend-Palaeozoic Sediments of the Southeast of West Siberia

Parametrical borehole Vostok-3 was drilled in southern part of Predyenisey oil-and-gas bearing area. The unique section of Upper Vendian and Lower Cambrian for West Siberia was discovered there. Researches were devoted to discover the characteristics of influence of sedimentary environments and to reveal optimum of them on creation of porous space in rocks.The carbonates of

Chronology and Geochemistry of the Berezitovoe Polymetallic Gold Deposit in Eastern Siberia, Russia and its Geological Significance

The Berezitovoe deposit is a large-sized Au-Ag-Zn-Pb deposit in the east of the SelengaStanovoi superterrane, Russia. Au-Ag orebodies are hosted by tourmaline-garnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks; Zn-Pb orebodies are hosted by granodiorites, porphyritic granites and tourmalinegarnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks. These orebodies are surrounded by wall rocks dominated by the Tukuringra Complex granodiorites, porphyritic granites, and gneissic granodiorites. The alteration includes silicification and garnet, sericitization chloritization, carbonatization and kaollinization. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the gold mineralization can be divided into two stages in the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit（at 363.5 ± 1.5 Ma, and133.4± 0.5）.Hornblende-plagioclase gneisses of the Mogocha Group in the study area underwent Paleoproterozoic metamorphism（at 1870 ± 7.8 and 2400 ± 13 Ma）, gneissic granodiorite of the Tukuringra Complex yields a late Paleozoic magmatic age（at 379.2 ± 1.1 Ma）,and subalkaline porphyritic granitoid of the Amudzhikan Complex yield late Mesozoic magmatic ages（133-139 and 150-163 Ma）. Granodiorites of the Tukuringra Complex in the study area have high concentrations of SiO_2（average of 60.9 wt%）, are aluminum-oversaturated（average A/CNK of 1.49）, are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements（e.g.,K, Rb, and Ba）, U, Th, and Pb, are depleted in high field strength elements（e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti）, and have slightly negative Eu and no Ce anomalies in chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams.Fluid inclusions from quartz veins include three types： aqueous two-phase, CO2-bearing three-phase,and pure CO2. Aqueous two-phase inclusions homogenize at 167℃-249℃ and have salinities of 4.32%-9.47% NaCl equivalent, densities of 0.86-0.95 g/cm^3, and formed at depths of 0.52-0.94 km. In comparison, the CO2-bearing three-phase inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 265℃-346℃,salinities of 7.14%-11.57% NaCl equivalent, and total densities of 0.62-0.67 g/cm^3. The geochemical and zircon U-Pb data and the regional tectonic evolution of the study area, show that the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit formed in an island arc or active continental margin setting, most probably related to late Paleozoic subduction of Okhotsk Ocean crust beneath the Siberian Plate.

New observation of cone flies attacking cones of Picea obovata and Larix sibirica in central Siberia

Two species of cone flies (Strobilomyia anthracina andS. svenssoni) emerged from puparia were collected under Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) trees in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk region, central Siberia. Parasites of the Figitidae and Braconidae families emerged from 28.1% of the puparia, and fungal and bacterial diseases destroyed 24.8% of the puparia. Weight and length of the puparia depended on the sanitary status. Two types of cone fly eggs were observed on spruce cones. At least three species ofStrobilomyia (S. Infrequens, S. laricicola, and S. sibirica) attacked cones of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) in central Siberia.

High Resolution Land Cover Datasets Integration and Application Based on Landsat and GlobCover Data from 1975 to 2010 in Siberia

Land cover is recognized as one of the fundamental terrestrial datasets required in land system change and other ecosystem related researches across the globe. The regional differentiation and spatial-temporal variation of land cover has significant impact on regional natural environment and socio-economic sustainable development. Under this context, we reconstructed the history land cover data in Siberia to provide a comparable datasets to the land cover datasets in China and abroad. In this paper, the European Space Agency(ESA) Global Land Cover Map(GlobCover), Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM), Multispectral Scanner(MSS) images, Google Earth images and other additional data were used to produce the land cover datasets in 1975 and 2010 in Siberia. Data evaluation show that the total user′s accuracy of land cover data in 2010 was 86.96%, which was higher than ESA GlobCover data in Siberia. The analysis on the land cover changes found that there were no big land cover changes in Siberia from 1975 to 2010 with only a few conversions between different natural forest types. The mainly changes are the conversion from deciduous needleleaf forest to deciduous broadleaf forest, deciduous needleleaf forest to mixed forest, savannas to deciduous needleleaf forest etc., indicating that the dominant driving factor of land cover changes in Siberia was natural element rather than human activities at some extent, which was very different from China. However, our purpose was not just to produce the land cover datasets at two time period or explore the driving factors of land cover changes in Siberia, we also paid attention on the significance and application of the datasets in various fields such as global climate change, geopolitics, cross-border cooperation and so on.