基于SIDA-GC-QqQ-MS/MS的烤烟中痕量香气化合物2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉的测定

【目的】精确测定烤烟中痕量香气化合物2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2AP)的含量。【方法】采用稳定同位素稀释结合气相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱仪MRM多反应监测模式对烤烟中2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉进行精确定量分析。【结果】(1)方法在2~200μg/kg范围内线性良好(R^(2)=0.9998),检测限为0.38μg/kg,定量限为1.26μg/kg,平均回收率为90.75%~96.10%。(2)烤烟烟叶中2AP含量为2.02~62.48μg/kg,主流烟气中含量为7.29~94.12μg/kg,其中粒相物和气相物的含量范围分别为2.08~79.08μg/kg和5.15~18.68μg/kg。【结论】方法稳定可行、高效简便,具有较高的精度和灵敏度,可为烟用香精香料配方设计开发提供数据支撑,为烤烟中其他痕量香气化合物的精确定量分析研究提供方法参考。

采用固相微萃取（SPME）和稳定同位素稀释分析（SIDA）

本文以合成的[^2H2]R／S．芳樟醇为内标物，开发了稳定同位素稀释分析（SIDA）技术定量测定芳樟醇的所有同分异构体。为了富集啤酒中的目标化合物，采用了固相微萃取（SPME）技术。通过对五种不同类型啤酒的分析发现，啤酒的类型不同，芳樟醇的浓度差别很大，芳樟醇的浓度与嗅到的酒花香气呈显著的正相关性。另外，啤酒中芳樟醇的R/S比例也明显不同。SPME／SIDA方法得到的结果完全不受顸空样品参数（如萃取时间或溶液离子强度）的影响。

Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.(Family:Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes

Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under the laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC50 values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L.The crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.

Protective effect of Sida cordata leaf extract against CCl_4 induced acute liver toxicity in rats

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Sida cordata（Malvaceae）（S.cordata） in experimental rats to validate its traditional claim.Methods:Wister albino rats were divided into 6 groups:Croup 1 served as control;CroupⅡserved as hepatotoxic（CCl4 treated） group; CroupⅢ,Ⅳand V served as（100,200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.） S.cordata leaf extract（SCLE） treated groups;CroupⅥserved as positive control（Silymarin） treated group.Liver marker enzymes serum glutamate oxyloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase（SOD）,lipid peroxidation,catalase（CAT）,reduced glutathione（CSH） were measured and compared along with histopathological studies.Results: Obtained results show that the treatment with SCI.E significantly（P【0.05-【0.001） and dosedependently reduced CCl4 induced elevated serum level of hepatic enzymes.Furthermore, SCLE significantly（up to P【0.001） reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes CSH,SOD and CAT towards normal levels,which was confirmed by the histopathological studies.Conclusions:The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of SCLE against CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in rats and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.

<i>In Vivo</i>Study of Healing Effects of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Induced Ulceration in Mice

Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen that is widely distributed and known to cause peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Treatment is usually by combination of acid inhibitory therapy and antibiotics because of drug resistance problems. Studies now focus on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of H. pylori induced ulcers because they are inexpensive and have limited side effects. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of cold water and ethanol extracts of Sida acuta leaves on H. pylori induced ulcer in mice. Oral administration with the aid of a feeding tube of 0.5 ml of 107 CFU/ml of H. pylori (Accession number LT799736) in phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) was used to induce ulcer in mice. Effects of various concentrations of cold water and ethanol extracts of S. acuta leaves on the ulcer parameters and histology examinations of stomach tissues of mice were investigated after 2 weeks of administration of extracts into the mice. Mice treated with clarithromycin served as positive control while mice administered with H. pylori but not treated served as negative control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Bacterial load of stomach tissue showed significant reduction from 15.4 × 106 CFU/ml to 3.5 × 106 CFU/ml and 2.6 × 106 CFU/ml for cold water and ethanol extracts respectively. Reduction in ulcer severity (2.00 ± 0.10 to 0.080 ± 0.05), ulcer index (8.50 ± 1.10 to 4.26 ± 0.03) and gastric volume (1.32 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.13) were observed. Histology of stomach tissues of mice treated with extracts revealed clear granulation indicating tissue repair and wound healing. S. acuta extracts were observed to enhance ulcer healing in a mice model.

赴瑞典参加SIDA项目的造纸环保技术培训

总结了参加瑞典SIDA项目的造纸环保技术培训班学习的体会和收获。

Investigation of <i>Sida acuta</i>(Wire Weed) Plant Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminium-Copper-Magnessium Alloy in Acidic Medium

This work is an investigation of the aqueous corrosion inhibition of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in acidic medium using extract of Sida acuta (wire weed) plant as corrosion inhibitor at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v of the extract. After exposing the alloy to the medium, the results showed that the plant extract inhibited the acid induced corrosion. The presence of Sida acuta plant extract reduces corrosion rate from 0.0012 to 0.0001 MPY and percentage protection increases from 37.42% to 93.63% within a ten-day period with increase in percentage volume of the extract. The result has clearly shown that Sida acuta plant extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in the part of chemical plant that is made of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy where acid is used for descaling and cleaning.

<i>In Vitro</i>Studies on Sida Cordifolia Linn for Anthelmintic and Antioxidant Properties

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract from whole plant Sida cordifolia Linn (Malvaceae). The antioxidant activities are evaluated by various antioxidant assays like α, α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract is almost quantitatively equivalent to that of the standards used, ascorbic acid. The further anthelmintic activity of whole plant is investigated through using Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) showed that it is one of the most important local medicinal plants both for ritual and ethnomedical practices. Various concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extract (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) of whole plant of Sida cordifolia Linn were tested in the bioassay, which involve determination of time of paralysis of the worms. Albendazole was included as reference standard. The most activity was observed with aqueous extract as compared to standard drug. The results from the above studies indicate that plant Sida cordifolia Linn. possesses potent antioxidant and anthelmintic activity.

Preliminary Phytochemical and Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Sida corymbosa</i>Plant

Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using Sida corymbosa leaf extract during labour with the claims that it aids and facilitates childbirth among others. This study aimed at preliminary investigating the phytochemical constituent as well as the safety. Fresh plant (leaves) specimen was harvested and identified. Aqueous Sida corymbosa leaf extraction was carried out and used for phytochemical evaluation and toxicity study. Thirteen (13) adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals (n = 3) each for the first phase of the toxicity study and treated with doses (10, 100 and 1000) mg/kg respectively and observed for 48 hours. Four groups consisting of 1 animal each (n = 1) were used for the second phase and treated with doses of (140, 225, 370 and 600) mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sterol, triterpenes and anthraquinones in the extract. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 471.17 mg/kg. The results of this study show that the aqueous leaf extract of Sida corymbosa is slightly toxic with potentials for biological activities from phytochemicals present.

白背黄花稔Sida rhombifolia的生物活性及化学成分研究

用石油醚和乙酸乙酯分别对白背黄花稔Sida rhombifolia L.地上部分的乙醇提取物进行萃取,得不同萃取相;测定了乙醇提取物及不同萃取相对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus Skuse 4龄幼虫和福寿螺Ampullaria gigas Spix的毒杀活性。结果表明,乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯相对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫的杀虫活性明显,而石油醚相和乙醇提取物对福寿螺的杀螺活性较好。对乙酸乙酯相进一步分离得到11个化合物,经核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和碳谱(13C NMR)鉴定其分别为已知化合物:间-羟基苯甲酸(1)、棕榈酸1-甘油酯(2)、丁香酸(3)、没食子酸(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、豆甾醇(6)、东莨菪内酯(7)、山奈酚(8)、5-羟基-7,4'-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(9)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(6-O-对羟基反式香豆酰基)-山奈素苷(10)和β-谷甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(11)。其中化合物2对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫具有较好的杀虫活性,24 h和48 h的LC50值分别为28.66和13.50μg/mL。

In Vitro Evaluation of Sida pilosa Retz (Malvaceae) Aqueous Extract and Derived Fractions on Schistosoma mansoni

Sida pilosa Retz. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pains and intestinal helminthiasis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and derived fractions were investigated for their bioactivity against Schistosoma mansoni. The aqueous extract from S. pilosa aerial parts (1.25 - 40 mg/mL) and derived fractions (n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc and n-BuOH: 0.25 - 8 mg/mL) were tested on adult S. mansoni maintained in a GMEN culture medium. Praziquantel was used as the reference drug. After 24 h of incubation, worms were monitored for their viability and egg output. The antioxidant activity of S. pilosa was evaluated by the ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The chemical composition of the n-BuOH fraction was investigated by HPLC-MS analysis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and fractions significantly increased worm mortality in a concentration-dependent manner. The n-BuOH fraction was the most active with a LC50 of 1.25 mg/mL. Significant reduction of motor activity (25% to 100%) was recorded for surviving worms incubated in different concentrations of the extract and fractions. Incubation of S. mansoni in different concentrations of S. pilosa extract and fractions led to significant reduction of egg laying (52% to 100%). The aqueous extract and derived fractions exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antioxidant activity was found with the EtOAc fraction, followed by the DCM and n-BuOH fractions. HPLC-MS analysis of the n-butanol fraction revealed the presence of two indoloquinoline alkaloids. This study disclosed the schistosomicidal activity of the n-butanol fraction from S. pilosa aqueous extract. This activity is probably related to the indoloquinoline alkaloids identified in the fraction.

Sida对西印度洋研究的参与和支持

陆地和海洋之间的界面是人类自史前时期以来就发现资源的地区。今天,大多数城市位于海岸上或靠近海岸,这些地区的人口正在增长。全世界约2/3的人口现居住在世界各大洲的沿海地区。至少在世界的发展中地区,人口在继续向沿海地区迁徙。在这些地区,沿海为贸易、商业、工业及旅游提供了巨大的潜力。在一些发展中国家中,滨海旅游已成为它们的主要产业。这些国家的另一个重要资源是大陆架上的石油储量。在不久的将来,近海生产将可能成为油气的主要来源。同时,随着这些潜力正在得到开发。

白背黄花稔环境和饲养方式对宁都黄鸡体尺、屠宰性能、肉品质以及血清生化指标的影响

【目的】旨在探究种植白背黄花稔(Sida rhombifolia L.)的散养环境和不同饲养方式对宁都黄鸡体尺性状、屠宰性能、肉品质以及血清生化指标的影响,为宁都黄鸡养殖模式选择和优化提供科学依据。【方法】选择180只72 d宁都黄鸡母鸡,随机分成3组:白背黄花稔种植环境散养组(SF组)100只、不含白背黄花稔环境散养组(NSF组)50只、笼养组(CK组)30只。两个散养组饲养密度相同。121 d时,每个组随机选取10只鸡测定体尺、屠宰性能、肉品质以及血清生化指标。【结果】(1)体尺性状方面,与NSF组相比,SF组体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽显著升高(P<0.05);CK组龙骨长、胸宽、胫长显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)屠宰性能与肉品质方面,较之NSF组,CK组半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、肌胃指数、脾脏指数、肌束内肌纤维数量显著降低(P<0.05),宰前体重、屠体重、肝脏指数、腹脂率、卵巢指数、输卵管指数、肠长、胸肌pH值、肌束膜厚度显著升高(P<0.05);SF组肌胃指数显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)血清生化指标方面,较之NSF组,CK组白蛋白(ALB)显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮(BUN)和谷丙转氨酶(ALTGPT)显著升高(P<0.05);SF组尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CRE)显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】散养模式能促进宁都黄鸡体尺性状发育、提高屠宰性能和免疫器官发育,可显著降低肉质pH值,以及改善机体蛋白质代谢和肝脏代谢功能。白背黄花稔环境下散养可促进宁都黄鸡体尺发育,可减缓宁都黄鸡肾脏损伤。

棘孢木霉嗜铁素sidA基因敲除及表型分析

明确棘孢木霉菌Trichoderma asperellum嗜铁素合成的关键基因,能够为进一步探索嗜铁素在生防和促生中的作用奠定基础。本研究在对sidA基因进行定位、结构分析和RT-PCR检测的基础上,利用double-jointPCR技术构建基因敲除载体,经聚乙二醇(PEG)介导原生质体转化、潮霉素初筛、PCR和southern blot验证获得突变株,并对其表型进行分析,获得2株性能稳定的敲除突变体?sidA1和?sidA2。与野生型相比,?sidA1和?sidA2的嗜铁素产量在5d时分别下降了38.67%和36.65%;孢子萌发率在12h时分别下降了45.33%和47.47%;产孢量在10d时分别下降了33.01%和41.02%,且突变株在受NaCl、KCl、SDS等胁迫时的抗性较野生型降低。表明sidA基因的缺失降低了嗜铁素产量,抑制了菌体的生长以及对胁迫因子的抗性,sidA基因是影响棘孢木霉嗜铁素产生的关键基因之一。

万斯大《春秋》学中的政治秩序思想解析

政治秩序是万斯大《春秋》学思想中的重要内容,从王道之尊、君臣之义、立嗣之正三个方面考察,其核心思想是正名分、重公义与通权变。万斯大推尊周王室的权威,也重视侯伯之政的作用,以维系天下的秩序与安定;坚守君臣名分,对世卿与弑逆之臣有严厉的批评,但是对违礼悖德的国君也不加宽宥;坚持以正立嗣,同时强调政治公义,提出立贤与改立新君的主张。万斯大的政治秩序思想既是对《春秋》学所作的疏正,又是激于明清鼎革的时势,以探讨治乱兴衰之由,有着深湛的思考与鲜明的时代特征。

江西省植物1新记录种和1新记录变种

基于野外调查和标本鉴定,确定了江西省植物分布1新纪录种湖南黄花稔(Sida cordifolioides Feng)和1新纪录变种密刺硕苞蔷薇(Rosa bracteata var.scabriacaulis Lindl.ex Koidz.),凭证标本保存于上饶师范学院标本室(SRSN)。描述了湖南黄花稔与密刺硕苞蔷薇形态特征及其与相似种的区别,补充了密刺硕苞蔷薇图像资料。

土壤种子库与矿业废弃地植被恢复研究:定居植物对重金属的吸收和再分配

研究了从引入的土壤种子库中所萌发 ,并成功在铅锌尾矿上定居的 4个优势种植物 ,雀稗 (Paspalumthunbergii)、双穗雀稗 (P.distichum)、黄花稔 (Sida rhombifolia)和银合欢 (L eucaena leucocephala) ,对重金属的吸收及其在体内的再分配。植物组织中铜 (Cu)和锌 (Zn)的浓度 ,除了雀稗和双穗雀稗根中的锌浓度分别为 34 4.2 m g· kg- 1和 331.9m g· kg- 1显得较高外 ,其余仍属植物体内正常水平范围 (Zn:2 7～ 15 0 m g· kg- 1 ,Cu:5～ 30 m g· kg- 1 )。草本植物雀稗、双穗雀稗和黄花稔对有毒重金属元素铅 (Pb)的吸收表现出不同的模式 ,Pb在地上部与地下部分的浓度比以雀稗最低 (为 0 .2 0 9) ,表明雀稗所吸收的 Pb大部分被滞留在根部 ,使之较少影响到地上部茎叶的光合作用功能及生长 ,从而使植物对重金属 Pb环境更具耐性。相反 ,双穗雀稗和黄花稔则较高 (分别为 0 .5 0 9和0 .6 5 3) ,显示所吸收的 Pb较多地被转移到便于收获移走的地上部分 ,因而具有较大的植物修复潜力(Phytorem ediation potential)。木本植物银合欢 ,所吸收的重金属 Pb总量的 80 %以上是积累在根、茎的皮和木质部及枝条部分 ,只有 15 %左右分布在叶片中。这表明随着生长 ,有越来越多的 Pb被吸收和累积在更新周期较长的器官中 ,只?

河南植物区系一新记录属——黄花稔属

对2012年采自河南南阳市新野县溧河铺镇的植物标本进行鉴定和查阅相关资料发现:锦葵科(Malvaceae)黄花稔属(Sida L.)湖南黄花稔(Sida cordifolioides K.M.Feng)在河南省属首次报道,黄花稔属为河南省植物区系的一新记录属,湖南黄花稔为一新记录种。

皖南歙县药用植物分布新记录

目的摸清皖南野生药用植物分布的新种类,为后期安徽省药用植物资源种类的统计奠定基础。方法采用野外调查、文献查阅和标本鉴定的研究方法。结果皖南有4种药用植物分布新记录,新记录种分别是锦葵科植物白背黄花稔Sida rhombifolia Linn.、景天科植物土佐景天Sedum tosaense Makino、大戟科植物飞扬草Euphorbia hirta Linn.和荨麻科植物小叶冷水花Pilea microphylla(Linn.)Liebm.。结论这4种药用植物标本可为其在安徽的分布提供依据,可丰富安徽药用植物资源的种类。

印度3种畅销植物药的开发利用

印度阿育吠陀传统医药体系历史悠久,博大精深,植物药在阿育吠陀医药理论中占有重要地位,印度药用植物约有7 263种,常用约960种。本文从资源分布、传统应用、化学成分和药理作用等方面对3种具有开发前景的印度畅销植物药——长叶紫荆木、兰桑山檨子及白背黄花稔进行介绍,为相关新药研发、中国亲缘相近的药用植物的开发利用、扩大中国药用植物资源及引种新资源提供参考。