Chemical Constituents of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

The aerial parts of Siegesbeckia have been used as the traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, hypertension, malaria, neurasthenia, and snakebite. In order to find new and bioactive compounds, the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of S. orientalis L. were investigated and two new compounds, namely β-D-glucopyranosyl-ent-2-oxo-15,16-dihydroxy-pimar-8（14）-en-19-oic-late （compound 1 ） and [1 （10） E,4Z]-8β-angeloyloxy-9α-methoxy-6α, 15-dihydroxy-14-oxogermacra-1 （10）,4,11 （13）-trien-12-oic acid 12,6-1actone （compound 2）, as well as five known ent-pimarane diterpenes （compounds 3-7） were isolated. The structures of the two new compounds were identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, particularly oneand two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectral methods.

Volatile Oil of Platycladus Orientalis(L.)Franco Leaves Exerts Strong Anti-inflammatory Effects via Inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB Pathway

This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco leaves(VOPF)and the underlying molecular mechanisms by using the non-infectious inflammation rat models and infectious inflammation mouse models.Ear swelling and intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice,and carrageenan-induced toe swelling and cotton ball-induced granuloma in rats were used to reveal anti-inflammatory effects of VOPF.Moreover,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse model of acute lung injury was used to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of VOPF.The results showed that VOPF could significantly inhibit auricular swelling,intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice,and reduce granuloma swelling and paw swelling in rats.Furthermore,it significantly alleviated the pathological damage of the lung tissue.In addition,VOPF could reduce the contents of IL-1β and TNF-αand increase the content of IL-10 in the serum.It had little effect on the expression of p65 but reduced the phosphorylation level of p65 and IκB in NF-κB pathway.In conclusion,VOPF has anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanisms involve the down-regulation of the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκB and blockage of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effect of Different Indole-3-Buteric Acid(IBA)Concentrations and Cutting Types on Plane Trees(Platanus orientalis L.)

Effects of different Indole-3-Buteric Acid （IBA） concentrations （0, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 500 ppm） and curing types （soft wood, semi hard and hard wood） of plane tree were investigated with Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） at the Agricultural research station, Charsadda. The maximum survival percentage, plant height （cm）, root length （era）, numbers of roots and root weight per cutting were significantly higher in hard wood cuttings. IBA concentration had no speculative effect on plane tree cuttings. Thus, hard wood cutting was the best choice for plan tree propagation.

Effect of Growing Media on Growth and Flowering of Different Hyacinth Cultivars （Hyacinthus orientalis L.）

A pot experiment has been conducted in Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry, Lath House of Horticultural Department, School of Plant Production, Duhok University during the growing season 2010-2011. The study consisted of testing the effects of four different growth media （Clay, Loam, Clay ＋ sheep manure （1：1） and Loam ＋ sheep manure （1：1） as volumetric rates on vegetative and flowering growth characters of five different cultivars of Hyacinths plant （Blue Giant, City of Haarlem, Jon Bos, Delf Blue and Fondante）. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design （RCBD） of two factors in three replicates. Media mostly affected the parameters studied during the experiment. Early emergence （22.53 days） and flowering （73.13 days） was recorded in medium consisting of loam and sheep manure, while maximum plant height （19.75 cm）, leaves number （6.13）, leaf area （31.47 cm2） were recorded in clay medium. Maximum number of florets plant-l （31.93） and spike length （7.95 cm） were recorded in medium consist of clay and sheep manure. Maximum length of spike stem （9.61 cm） and total chlorophyll percentage （53.45%） were recorded for loam medium. Among the cultivars, some parameters showed significant variation. Early emergence （20.42 days）, maximum plant height （20.35 cm）, leaf area per plant （33.01 cm2） and length of spike stem （15.10 cm） were given by cv. Fondante. Maximum number of florets plantl （35.58） and spike lengths （8.63 cm） were recorded by cv. Blue Giant. High percentage of total chlorophyll （58.15%） was recorded in cv. Jon Bos..

豨莶草对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的体外抑制效应

目的研究中药豨莶草提取物对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的体外抑制效应。方法培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞,体外加入不同浓度的豨莶草提取物,MTT法观察其对细胞增殖的影响。结果豨莶草的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位对HeLa细胞有较强的体外增殖抑制作用。结论豨莶草对He1a细胞有较强的体外抑制效应。

HPLC法测定侧柏叶及其制剂侧柏Ⅴ号胶囊和异海松酸胶囊中异海松酸

目的建立异海松酸的HPLC测定方法，控制侧柏叶及其制剂侧柏V号胶囊和异海松酸胶囊的质量。方法采用高效液相色谱法。色谱条件：Kromasil C18柱（200mm×4．6mm，5μm）；流动相：甲醇-水-冰醋酸（60：37；3）；体积流量：1mL／min；柱温：25℃；检测波长；231nm；进样量：10μL。采用外标法计算样品中异海松酸的质量分数。结果异海松酸的线性关系范围为1．25～10．00μg，回归方程为Y=66214X＋2487．9，r=1．000。平均回收率为95．8％，RSD为2．7％（n=5）。侧柏叶药材中异海松酸的测定结果分别为3．09、3．20、3．56mg／g，侧柏V号胶囊的测定结果分别为10．39、9．67、10．99mg／g，异海松酸胶囊的测定结果分别为553．89、541．50、528．83mg／g。结论该方法简便、准确、分离效果好、无干扰，可用于侧柏及其胶囊的质量评价。

鸡血藤等4种中药对类风湿性关节炎患者单个核细胞IFN-γ、IL-10基因转录的影响

目的:研究鸡血藤(Sptholobus suberectus Dunn.),青风藤[Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Re-hd.et Wils.],风湿草(Siegesbecuia orientalis L.),苏木(Caesalpinia sappan L.)4种中药治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的免疫学机理。方法:采用半定量 RT-PCR 方法检测上述4种中药水提取液刺激 RA 患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)后,其γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)基因转录的变化。结果:添加中药后,RA 患者外周血 PBMC IFN-γ、IL-10基因的转录均有明显下降。结论:上述4种中药对 RA 患者异常活化的细胞免疫和体液免疫有纠正作用,是治疗 RA 有效的机理之一。

IAC-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法测定不同产地柏子仁中4种黄曲霉毒素

目的建立IAC-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法测定不同产地柏子仁Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco中黄曲霉毒素B_(1)、B_(2)、G_(1)、G_(2)的含量。方法柏子仁70%甲醇提取物的分析采用HALO 90A C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm);流动相0.1%甲酸-甲醇,梯度洗脱;柱温40℃;体积流量0.25 mL/min。利用高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱法进行测定。结果黄曲霉毒素B_(1)、B_(2)、G_(1)、G_(2)在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.9985),平均加样回收率81.33%~97.92%,RSD 1.36%~15.02%。所测的14批柏子仁样品中,12批样品检测呈阳性,黄曲霉毒素污染率高达71.43%。结论该方法简便快速,重复性高,灵敏度好,适合柏子仁样品中黄曲霉毒素含量的检测。

Research progress on chemical constituents in Sigesbeckiae Herba and their pharmacological activities

Sigesbeckiae Herba,a dry whole plant of Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino,Sigesbeckia pubescens Makino and Sigesbeckia orientalis L.,is a traditional Chinese medicine used to dispel dampness,dredge meridians and collaterals,clear heat and detoxicate.Its chemical components are complex and abundant,including mainly diterpenoids,sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids.Among them,diterpenoids are the main active components.Modern pharmacological studies have found that the compounds isolated from Sigesbeckiae Herba have anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,antithrombus and other pharmacological activities.This review systematically summarized the chemical components identified from Sigesbeckiae Herba and their pharmacological activities by searching Chinese and English databases,in order to provide references for the further development of Sigesbeckiae Herba and the improvement of its quality standards.

不同产地侧柏叶中无机元素的含量测定及评价

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同产地侧柏[Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco]叶中无机元素含量,并进行方法学验证,采用SPSS软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,对其特征元素进行评价。结果表明,标准样品中26种元素的线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))≥0.9953,各元素的检出限在0.0020~4.2226 ng/mL,精密度、稳定性、重复性符合要求,各元素的平均加样回收率在84.1%~123.6%,相对标准偏差在0.7%~4.5%;28批侧柏叶样品中检测出24种无机元素,含量差异较大,其中,侧柏叶样品K、Ca、Mg的含量均超过1000 mg/kg,Cd、As、Hg、Cu含量均在《中华人民共和国药典:一部》规定的限度范围内,Pb含量为0.602~9.337 mg/kg,有6批侧柏叶样品超出限度;主成分分析显示Fe、Ti、Ca、Ni、Al、Mn、Zn、K为侧柏叶的主要特征性元素;聚类分析显示,地理位置相近的产地能较好地聚为一类,表明侧柏叶中无机元素含量存在明显的地域特征。建立的方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,可用于侧柏叶中无机元素含量的测定。

豨莶草调节Nrf2介导的抗氧化途径对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响

目的探讨豨莶草对骨质疏松症大鼠抗氧化和保护骨组织的作用机制。方法采用双侧卵巢切除术法制备骨质疏松症大鼠模型,分为模型组(Model)、ML385(Nrf2抑制剂)组、豨莶草组(Hsb)和豨莶草+ML385组(Hsb+ML385),另设置假手术组(Sham),每组12只。给予相应药物干预,连续干预12周。采用Micro CT测定各组大鼠骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)及骨小梁微结构参数变化;HE染色观察股骨组织病理学改变;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)和碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)水平;化学法检测大鼠血清中活性氧(Reactive oxidative stress,ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)水平;采用qRT-PCR和Western bolt分别检测骨组织中Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与Sham组比较,Model组大鼠骨组织结构破坏明显,BMD、血清ALP水平及SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),TRACP-5b、MDA及ROS水平显著增加(P<0.05),而骨组织中Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。与Model组比较,Hsb组大鼠骨组织结构损伤明显改善,BMD及血清ALP水平及SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),TRACP-5b、MDA及ROS水平明显降低(P<0.05),骨组织中Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),而ML385组大鼠上述各指标进一步升高/降低。与Hsb组比较,Hsb+ML385组大鼠骨组织结构破坏明显,BMD、血清ALP水平及SOD活性又显著降低(P<0.05),TRACP-5b、MDA及ROS水平又显著增加(P<0.05),而骨组织中Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平又显著下调(P<0.05)。结论豨莶草可以降低氧化应激水平,改善大鼠骨质疏松症,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号有关。

Efficacy of Xixiancao (Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis) on interactions between nuclear factor kappa-B and inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory reactions of rat synovial cells induced by sodium urate

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the interaction between nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines in synovial cell inflammatory responses induced by sodium urate,and to evaluate the efficacy of Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis)on these interactions.METHODS:The interactions between NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines/mediators in synovial cells in acute gouty arthritis were investigated.We observed the expressions of NF-κB,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in synovial cells at different timepoints in an in vitro model of synovial cell inflammatory responses induced by sodium urate and in an in vivo model of gouty arthritis.Changes in the expressions of NF-κB,IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αin synovial cells of all experimental groups were compared and observed after treatment with different doses of Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis)and colchicine.The interactions between NF-κB and IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αwere analyzed.Pathological changes in synovial tissues were observed in rats with acute gouty arthritis.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,the expression levels of NF-κB,IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αwere increased significantly at different timepoints in the in vitro model of synovial cell inflammatory responses induced by sodium urate,and in the in vivo model of gouty arthritis.Compared with the model group,the expressions of NF-κB,IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αin synovial cells induced by sodium urate were decreased in the different Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis)dose groups and the colchicine group.The effect was more obvious in the high dose Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis)group.The expression of NF-κB in synovial cells was positively correlated with the expressions of IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-α.Histopathological examination of synovial tissues in the high dose Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae Orientalis)group and Colchicine group showed that the characteristics of acute gouty arthritis were reduced,and there was a trend towards a positive correlation between NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine expressions.CONCLUSION:The activation of NF-κB is associated with the activation of IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αduring the pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis,leading to the continuation and enhancement of the inflammatory response.Expressions of IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αin synoviocytes during acute gouty arthritis effectively inhibit local inflammation.

干旱半干旱区黄土台地侧柏抗旱造林技术

为提高祁连山中部干旱、半干旱区黄土台地侧柏造林成活率和生长量,实现抗旱造林,将传统春季开穴造林技术改进为秋季开穴、冬季积雪、春季早栽和夏季覆膜造林技术。综合应用此技术后,提高了侧柏栽植穴土壤含水量、苗木成活率和生长量。并对侧柏抗旱造林相关配套技术肥水调控、病虫害防治、树冠修剪、树穴维护和中耕除草进行系统总结,此技术对干旱半干旱区侧柏抗旱造林具有一定的指导作用。

北方地区侧柏营养杯育苗及抗旱造林技术

为提高北方地区侧柏营养杯育苗及人工造林质量,结合生产实践,从种子采集、育苗地选择、基质配制、播种及苗期管理等方面总结侧柏营养杯育苗技术要点。同时,从整地、栽植要点、混交林营造、修枝、间伐和病虫害防治等方面分析侧柏抗旱造林的技术要点,以供相关部门参考。

莶脂溶性成分的研究

从莶（ＳｉｅｇｅｓｂｅｃｋｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ）的地上部分，分离出八个化合物，其中Ｉ和Ｉ根据理化性质和光谱数据确定其结构为ｅｎｔ１７ａｃｅｔｏｘｙ１８ｉｓｏｂｕｔｙｒｙｌｏｘｙ１６（α）ｋａｕｒａｎ１９ｏｉｃａｃｉｄ（Ｉ）和ｅｎｔ１７ｅｔｈｏｘｙ１６（α）ｋａｕｒａｎ１９ｏｉｃａｃｉｄ（ＩＩ），均为新化合物，分别被命名为莶酯酸（ｓｉｅｇｅｓｅｓｔｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ｉ）和莶醚酸（ｓｉｅｇｅｓｅｔｈｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ｉ）。其余化合物分别鉴定为腺梗莶萜醇酸（ｅｎｔ１６β，１７ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｋａｕｒａｎ１９ｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＩＩ），奇任醇（ｋｉｒｅｎｏｌ，ＩＶ，β谷甾醇葡萄糖甙（βｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ，Ｖ），二十一醇（ｈｅｎｅｉｃｏｓａｎｏｌ，ＶＩ），花生酸甲酯（ｍｅｔｈｙｌａｒａｃｈｉｄａｔｅ，ＶＩＩ）和β谷甾醇（βｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ，ＶＩＩ）。除奇任醇和β谷甾醇外，均为首次从该植物中分得。

豨莶草促进皮肤创伤愈合的实验研究

目的研究稀莶草（Siegesbeckia orientalis L．）甲醇提取物对成纤维细胞增殖及对大鼠创伤的修复作用。方法体外培养乳鼠真皮成纤维细胞，加入不同浓度的稀莶草提取物，MTT法观察其对细胞增殖的影响；制备大鼠切除伤模型，观察稀莶草提取物对大鼠实验性创伤的修复作用。结果浓度为50～200μg·mL^-1的稀莶草提取物对成纤维细胞的增殖作用显著；稀莶草甲醇提取物外涂对实验性大鼠皮肤损伤有加速修复作用。结论稀莶草具有促伤口愈合作用，其促修复作用可能与促进成纤维细胞增殖有关。

豨莶草调控sirt1/FOXO1通路对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的影响

目的:探讨豨莶草调控sirt1/FOXO1通路对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分组为对照组、模型组、豨莶草(2 g/kg)组、尼克酰胺(NA,sirt1抑制剂,剂量:100 mg/kg)组、豨莶草+尼克酰胺组(豨莶草为2 g/kg,NA为100 mg/kg)。除对照组外,其余各组以改良伸直位固定法建立膝骨关节炎大鼠模型,按组别分别以药物处理后,测量各组大鼠膝关节宽度、被动活动度;检测各组大鼠压痛阈值、热痛阈值;以苏木精-伊红染色(HE)观察各组大鼠膝关节软骨病理损伤情况,进行Mankin′s评分;以酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂盒检测各组大鼠血清中IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)水平;以蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠膝关节软骨组织sirt1、FOXO1、acely-FOXO1蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P<0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,豨莶草组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1降低(P<0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P<0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与豨莶草组相比,豨莶草+NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P<0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与NA组相比,豨莶草+NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1降低(P<0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:豨莶草可通过上调sirt1表达,下调FOXO1乙酰化水平,减轻膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤。

侵染稀硷的中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒及其卫星DNA全基因组结构特征

从云南红河稀硷上分离到病毒分离物Y6 4 ,全序列测定表明 ,Y6 4DNA_A全长 2 730个核苷酸。基因组比较发现 ,Y6 4DNA_A与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒Y38分离物 (TYLCCNV_[Y38])同源性最高 (99% ) ,与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒广西分离物 (TYLCCNV)的同源性次之 (96 % ) ,而与亚洲地区的其它双生病毒的同源性均在 83%以下 ,表明稀硷上的分离物Y6 4是TYLCCNV的 1个分离物。利用DNAβ的特异性引物beta0 1和beta0 2 ,在病毒分离物Y6 4中扩增到卫星DNA分子 (Y6 4 β)。序列分析表明 ,Y6 4 β全长 1 340个核苷酸 ,至少在其互补链上编码 1个有功能的ORF(C1 )。Y6 4 β的全序列与TYLCCNV的各个分离物的卫星分子 (Y38β、Y36 β和Y8β)的同源性最高 ,分别为 99 5 %、99 5 %和 99 3% ;与其它已报道的卫星DNAβ的同源性均低于 6 6 4 %。系统关系树研究表明 ,卫星DNAβ分子与其辅助病毒是共同进化的。

悬铃木叶片植株再生系统的建立

以悬铃木实生苗叶片及其诱导的愈伤组织为材料建立植株再生系统。结果表明 ,WPM可作为悬铃木叶片体外再生系统的基本培养基。从基部向上数第 5、 6、 7片叶诱导芽最适培养基为WPM +IBA 0 .1(单位mg·L-1,下同 ) +BA 3.0～ 2 .0 ;对第 5片叶在WPM +IBA 0 .6 +BA 8.0上诱导出的愈伤组织 ,再进行芽诱导的最适培养基为WPM +IBA 0 .1+BA 4.8;幼苗根诱导的最适培养基为 1/2MS +IBA 0 .1～ 0 .5。

不同配方营养液对水培风信子生长及观赏品质的影响

以改良Hoagland营养液为根据,配制3种营养液配方,研究大量元素含量对水培风信子4个品种的根系和芽生长以及观赏品质的影响。结果表明:营养液处理会短暂阻碍根系的生长,缓苗期过后促进根系生长加快,其中A配方效果最为明显,芽的生长与根系生长存在一定相关性。营养液处理在控制植株徒长、调整冠幅、增加花葶直径、增大叶面积、提高叶片叶绿素含量等方面都有良好效果,但不同品种对不同营养液配方适应性有差异,综合比较来看,C、B、A、C配方分别是‘杰妮鲍斯’、‘芬达’、‘卡耐基’和‘星空’的最优营养液配方。可见,风信子水培过程中应根据不同的品种对营养液进行适当调整,以此达到最理想的水培效果。