Signal Integrity for 0.18μm CMOS Technology

The signal integrity problem in 0.18μm CMOS technology is analyzed from simulation.Several rules in this phenomenon are found by analyzing the crosstalk delay and noise,which are helpful for the future circuit design.

Design of high-speed signal acquisition system and analysis of signal integrity

The device is used for the test on the fuze detonating time according to the initial velocity of the projectile and the altitude and speed of enemy aircraft flight. For the special requirements of the high-speed signal acquisition in the process, the characteristics of the measured signal are analyzed. The system is investigated in chip selection, signal transmission, signal processing, signal storage, post-production PCB design, etc. The appropriate measures and solutions which affect the integrity and accuracy of the signal in each process are proposed. The rules for the layout of the device and wiring are made. The result show that the measurement values are accurate without loss of data.

Quick System-Level DDR3 Signal Integrity Simulation Research

---Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory （DDR3） has become one of the most mainstream applications in current server and computer systems. In order to quickly set up a system-level signal integrity （SI） simulation flow for the DDR3 interface, two system-level SI simulation methodologies, which are board-level S-parameter extraction in the frequency-domain and system-level simulation assumptions in the time domain, are introduced in this paper. By comparing the flow of Speed2000 and PowerSI/Hspice, PowerSI is chosen for the printed circuit board （PCB） board-level S-parameter extraction, while Tektronix oscilloscope （TDS7404） is used for the DDR3 waveform measurement. The lab measurement shows good agreement between simulation and measurement. The study shows that the combination of PowerSI and Hspice is recommended for quick system-level DDR3 SI simulation.

ROS-hormone interaction in regulating integrative défense signaling of plant cell

The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormonal signaling pathways through their synergistic or antagonistic action in the plant cell.The redox cue generated in plant cells under fluctuating environmental conditions can significantly influence other hormonal biosynthetic or signaling mechanisms,thereby modulating physiology towards stress acclimation and defense.There is also strong evidence of the recruitment of ROS as a‘second messenger’in different hormonal signaling pathways under stress.Moreover,the retrograde signaling initiated by ROS also found to strongly influence hormonal homeostasis and signaling.The present review,in this aspect,is an effort towards understanding the regulatory roles of ROS in integrating and orchestrating other hormonal signaling pathways or vice versa so as to unfold the relationship between these two signaling episodes of plant cells under environmental odds.We also accentuate the significance of understanding the utterly complex interactions,which occur both at metabolic and genetic levels between ROS and phytohormones during stress combinations.Furthermore,the significant and decisive role of ROS turnover,particularly the contribution of RBOH(respiratory burst oxidase homologs)in the synergism of redox and hormone signaling during systemic acquired acclimation under stress is also discussed.

Study on key technologies of GNSS-based train state perception for traincentric railway signaling

The application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSSs)in the intelligent railway systems is rapidly developing all over the world.With the GNSs-based train positioning and moving state perception,the autonomy and flexibility of a novel train control system can be greatly enhanced over the existing solutions relying on the track-side facilities.Considering the safety critical features of the railway signaling applications,the GNSS stand-alone mode may not be sufficient to satisfy the practical requirements.In this paper,the key technologies for applying GNSS in novel train-centric railway signaling systems are investigated,including the multi-sensor data fusion,Virtual Balise(VB)capturing and messaging,train integrity monitoring and system performance evaluation.According to the practical characteristics of the novel train control system under the moving block mode,the details of the key technologies are introduced.Field demonstration results of a novel train control system using the presented technologies under the practical railway operation conditions are presented to illustrate the achievable performance feature of autonomous train state perception using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and related solutions.It reveals the great potentials of these key technologies in the next generation train control system and other GNSS-based railway implementations.

A novel self-alignment method for high precision silicon diffraction microlens arrays preparation and its integration with infrared focal plane arrays

Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-tion microlens arrays preparation in the conventional engraving method.It has a serious impact on its performance and subsequent applications.In response to the problem of errors of Si diffraction microlens arrays in the conven-tional method,a novel self-alignment method for high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays preparation is pro-posed.The accuracy of the Si diffractive microlens arrays preparation is determined by the accuracy of the first li-thography mask in the novel self-alignment method.In the subsequent etching,the etched area will be protected by the mask layer and the sacrifice layer or the protective layer.The unprotection area is carved to effectively block the non-etching areas,accurately etch the etching area required,and solve the problem of errors.The high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays are obtained by the novel self-alignment method and the diffraction effi-ciency could reach 92.6%.After integrating with IRFPAs,the average blackbody responsity increased by 8.3%,and the average blackbody detectivity increased by 10.3%.It indicates that the Si diffraction microlens arrays can improve the filling factor and reduce crosstalk of IRFPAs through convergence,thereby improving the perfor-mance of the IRFPAs.The results are of great reference significance for improving their performance through opti-mizing the preparation level of micro nano devices.

基于SiP技术的信号处理通道设计

随着军用无人机等航电系统不断朝着小型化、智能化、综合化的方向发展,如何有效满足装备的低SWaP(Size,Weight and Power)要求成为一大难题。介绍了某型宽带综合化数字预处理模块的研制,利用“裸芯片+高密度基板”系统级封装(SiP)的方式对信号处理平台(DSP、FPGA、SerDes和DDR芯片)进行集成,替代目前业界普遍采用的“封装芯片+印制板+平面集成”的传统方式,实现宽带综合化数字信号处理模块的高密度集成。在主要性能指标(可编程逻辑资源、定点处理能力、浮点处理能力、数据传输速率)不变的情况下,使得信号处理模块的面积降低为45 mm×45 mm,重量降低到103 g。

Signal and Power Integrity Challenges for High Density System-on-Package

As the increasing desire for more compact,portable devices outpaces Moore’s law,innovation in packaging and system design has played a significant role in the continued miniaturization of electronic systems.Integrating more active and passive components into the package itself,as the case for system-on-package(SoP),has shown very promising results in overall size reduction and increased performance of electronic systems.With this ability to shrink electrical systems comes the many challenges of sustaining,let alone improving,reliability and performance.The fundamental signal,power,and thermal integrity issues are discussed in detail,along with published techniques from around the industry to mitigate these issues in SoP applications.

Integrated circuit for single channel neural signal regeneration

Based on the 4-channel neural signal regeneration system which is realized by using discrete devices and successfully used for in-vivo experiments on rats and rabbits, a single channel neural signal regeneration integrated circuit （IC）is designed and realized in CSMC ＇ s 0. 6 μm CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor ） technology. The IC consists of a neural signal detection circuit with an adjustable gain, a buffer, and a function electrical stimulation （FES） circuit. The neural signal regenerating IC occupies a die area of 1.42 mm × 1.34 mm. Under a dual supply voltage of ±2. 5 V, the DC power consumption is less than 10 mW. The on-wafer measurement results are as follows： the output resistor is 118 ml）, the 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 30 kHz, and the gain can be variable from 50 to 90 dB. The circuit is used for in-vivo experiments on the rat＇ s sciatic nerve as well as on the spinal cord with the cuff type electrode array and the twin-needle electrode. The neural signal is successfully regenerated both on a rat＇ s sciatic nerve bundle and on the spinal cord.

同步语言Signal在综合航电系统建模仿真中的应用

为了辅助航空电子系统进行综合设计,提出了用Signal语言对新一代综合航电系统进行建模仿真和性能评估的方法。Signal语言是一种同步语言,它通过时钟推理机制来反映复杂系统的确定性、安全性、有界性等问题,能够直观地表示系统元素之间的约束关系及特性,通过构造同步实时评估模型来反映系统的实时性。基于ARINC653标准,对新一代模块化综合航电系统进行了建模仿真。

基于数字化设计仿真的射频干扰抵消SiP设计

随着无线电子系统朝着阵列化、微系统化、高频化等方向发展,系统调试难、失效、故障难以排除等问题逐渐凸显,基于“经验设计+后续调试”的传统设计方法已难以满足实际需求。基于机、电、热、磁等多学科数字化协同设计仿真能够对各设计阶段进行指导与验证,在提高设计效率的同时保证产品的性能指标,是微系统的主流设计方法。基于此,文中以射频干扰抵消SiP为例,详细介绍电、磁、热协同设计仿真的整个设计流程。实验表明,所提设计达到了预期目标,可为从事硬件电路设计者提供指导与参考。

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展(续)

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

Novel non-coherent integration method using binary phase-coded radar signal

The m series with 511 bits is taken as an example being applied in non-coherent integra- tion algorithm. A method to choose the bi-phase code is presented, which is 15 kinds of codes are picked out of 511 kinds of m series to do non-coherent integration. It is indicated that the power in- creasing times of larger target sidelobe is less than the power increasing times of smaller target main- lobe because of the larger target＇ s pseudo-randomness. Smaller target is integrated from larger tar- get sidelobe, which strengthens the detection capability of radar for smaller targets. According to the sidelobes distributing characteristic, a method is presented in this paper to remove the estimated sidelobes mean value for signal detection after non-coherent integration. Simulation results present that the SNR of small target can be improved approximately 6. 5 dB by the proposed method.

Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling

BACKGROUND Stress-related gastric mucosal damage or ulcer remains an unsolved issue for critically ill patients.Stress ulcer prophylaxis has been part of routine intensive care,but uncertainty and controversy still exist.Co-secreted with mucins,intestinal trefoil factor(ITF)is reported to promote restitution and regeneration of intestinal mucosal epithelium,although the mechanism remains unknown.AIM To elucidate the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosa and explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS We used a rat model of gastric mucosal damage induced by water immersion restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide-treated human gastric epithelial cell line to investigate the potential effects of ITF on damaged gastric mucosa both in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS ITF promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of gastric mucosal epithelia in vitro.It also preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa by upregulating expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1.In the rat model,pretreatment with ITF ameliorated the gastric mucosal epithelial damage and facilitated mucosal repair.The protective effects of ITF were confirmed to be exerted via activation of Akt signaling,and the specific inhibitor of Akt signaling LY249002 reversed the protective effects.CONCLUSION ITF might be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of stressinduced gastric mucosal damage,and further studies should be undertaken to verify its clinical feasibility.

Reduction of signal reflection along through silicon via channel in high-speed three-dimensional integration circuit

The through silicon via （TSV） technology has proven to be the critical enabler to realize a three-dimensional （3D） gigscale system with higher performance but shorter interconnect length. However, the received digital signal after trans- mission through a TSV channel, composed of redistribution layers （RDLs）, TSVs, and bumps, is degraded at a high data-rate due to the non-idealities of the channel. We propose the Chebyshev multisection transformers to reduce the signal reflec- tion of TSV channel when operating frequency goes up to 20 GHz, by which signal reflection coefficient （$11） and signal transmission coefficient （$21） are improved remarkably by 150% and 73.3%, respectively. Both the time delay and power dissipation are also reduced by 4% and 13.3%, respectively. The resistance-inductance-conductance-capacitance （RLGC） elements of the TSV channel are iterated from scattering （S）-parameters, and the proposed method of weakening the signal reflection is verified using high frequency simulator structure （HFSS） simulation software by Ansoft.

Evaluating ultrasound signals of carbon steel fatigue testing using signal analysis approaches

The application of ultrasound techniques to monitor the condition of structures is becoming more prominent because these techniques can detect the early symptoms of defects such as cracks and other defects.The early detection of defects is of vital importance to avoid major failures with catastrophic consequences.An assessment of an ultrasound technique was used to investigate fatigue damage behaviour.Fatigue tests were performed according to the ASTM E466-96 standard with the attachment of an ultrasound sensor to the test specimen.AISI 1045 carbon steel was used due to its wide application in the automotive industry.A fatigue test was performed under constant loading stress at a sampling frequency of 8 Hz.Two sets of data acquisition systems were used to collect the fatigue strain signals and ultrasound signals.All of the signals were edited and analysed using a signal processing approach.Two methods were used to evaluate the signals,the integrated Kurtosis-based algorithm for z-filter technique(I-kaz) and the short-time Fourier transform(STFT).The fatigue damage behaviour was observed from the initial stage until the last stage of the fatigue test.The results of the I-kaz coefficient and the STFT spectrum were used to explain and describe the behaviour of the fatigue damage.I-kaz coefficients were ranged from 60 to 61 for strain signals and ranged from 5 to 76 for ultrasound signals.I-kaz values tend to be high at failure point due to high amplitude of respective signals.STFT spectrogram displays the colour intensity which represents the damage severity of the strain signals.I-kaz technique is found very useful and capable in assessing both stationary and non-stationary signals while STFT technique is suitable only for non-stationary signals by displaying its spectrogram.

Study of CMOS integrated signal processing circuit in capacitive sensors

A CMOS integrated signal processing circuit based on capacitance resonance principle whose structure is simple in capacitive sensors is designed. The waveform of output voltage is improved by choosing bootstrap reference current mirror with initiate circuit, CMOS analogy switch and positive feedback of double-stage inverter in the circuit. Output voltage of this circuit is a symmetric square wave signal. The variation of sensitive capacitance, which is part of the capacitive sensors, can be denoted by the change of output vohage＇s frequency. The whole circuit is designed with 1.5 μm P-weU CMOS process and simulated by PSpice software. Output frequency varies from 261.05 kHz to 47. 93 kHz if capacitance varies in the range of 1PF - 15PF. And the variation of frequency can be easily detected using counter or SCU.

THE NATURE AND SOURCE OF ESR SIGNAL IN BILIRUBIN

The ESR signals of bilirubin-IXα were studied including the samples treated with free radical generating and inhibiting systems,i.e.X-X0., Fe/EDTA,SOD,mannitol/ascorbate,DTPA,KCN et al.These stable signals all comprise those originated from a semiquinone radical(g=2.0012)and superoxide radical(g_=2.041,g_=2.0040).The latter is shown to be bound with metal ions especially iron,chelated by bilirubin.The iron probably comes from bilirubin precursor——hemootobin.Active oxygen free radical scavengers may destroy these radicals.Kinetic curves of regeneration of the bilirubin radicals have been determined.Bilirubin is discussed as'active oxygen trap'in mammatians.

Long term integration of radar signals with unknown Doppler shift for ubiquitous radar

Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range targets impacts selection of waveform parameters. The coherent processing interval （CPI） must be long enough to achieve a certain signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） that ensures the efficiency of detection. The condition of detection in the case of low SNR is analyzed, and three different cases that would occur during integration are discussed and a method to determine the CPI is presented. The simulation results show that targets detection with SNR as low as -26 dB in the experimental system can possibly determine the CPI.