Method for pedestrian signal timing at signalized intersections

The pedestrian timing at signalized intersections is studied aiming at the problems of the inconsistency of the vehicular and pedestrian timing requirements and the insufficiency of pedestrian clearance. Based on the formulae of WALK and flashing DON＇T WALK （FDW） in the highway capacity manual （HCM）, the relationship between pedestrian signal indications and vehicular signal indications is discussed using the theory of traffic flow. Then, methods of pedestrian timing for different cases are established, particularly the methods of the pedestrian green adjustment. Ways of pedestrian crossing are analyzed for roadways with different forms and widths of the median island. The sampling values of calculation parameters are studied, and the recommended formulae of pedestrian timing for different conditions are presented.

Adversarial attacks and defenses for digital communication signals identification

As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management systems.AI has become a promising solution to this problem due to its powerful modeling capability,which has become a consensus in academia and industry.However,because of the data-dependence and inexplicability of AI models and the openness of electromagnetic space,the physical layer digital communication signals identification model is threatened by adversarial attacks.Adversarial examples pose a common threat to AI models,where well-designed and slight perturbations added to input data can cause wrong results.Therefore,the security of AI models for the digital communication signals identification is the premise of its efficient and credible applications.In this paper,we first launch adversarial attacks on the end-to-end AI model for automatic modulation classifi-cation,and then we explain and present three defense mechanisms based on the adversarial principle.Next we present more detailed adversarial indicators to evaluate attack and defense behavior.Finally,a demonstration verification system is developed to show that the adversarial attack is a real threat to the digital communication signals identification model,which should be paid more attention in future research.

Application of High-Density Seismic Image in Nondestructive Exploration of Cut-off Cement-Soil Wall in Earth Dam

In order to quickly explore the quality of cut-off wall in dams, a new method of high-density seismic image was adopted and estimated by model and in-situ wall tests.The vibration exciter was employed and several parameters such as hypocentral distance, length of signal record and sampling space in signal collection were determined, which are 8 m, 0.25 ms and 128 ms respectively. Through time and frequency field signal analyses, it is concluded that, the smaller arrival times of reflected longitudinal and surface waves, and the higher their main frequencies, the higher the strength of the wall, vice versa. Accordingly the construction quality of the wall can be evaluated quickly by high-density seismic image.

REAL EXTENDED SCENE AND MOVING TARGET MULTI-CHANNEL SAR RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION

A real extended scene and moving targets multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) raw signal simulator accounting for Inertial Navigation System(INS) errors and antenna patterns is presented in this paper. INS errors are obtained by solving INS error differential equations with Runge-Kutta method. A high resolution SAR image is used to estimate the complex reflectance of real extended scene. Extended scene and moving target are simulated separately and then are superposed in time domain. The simulated multi-channel SAR data can be used for development of multi-channel SAR Ground Moving Target Indication(SAR-GMTI) and also can be used for development of SAR motion compensation.

Multi-Variable Flocking Control for Multi-Agent Systems via a Received Signal Strength Indicator

A novel flocking control approach is proposed for multi-agent systems by integrating the variables of velocities, motion directions, and positions of agents. A received signal strength indicator （RSSI） is applied as a variable to estimate the inter-distance between agents. A key parameter that contains the local information of agents is defined, and a multi-variable controller is proposed based on the parameter. For the position control of agents, the RSSI is introduced to substitute the distance as a control variable in the systems. The advantages of RSSI include that the relative distance between every two agents can be adjusted through the communication quality under different environments, and it can shun the shortage of the limit of sensors. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

Identification and optimization of traffic bottleneck with signal timing

In urban transportation network, traffic congestion is likely to occur at traffic bottlenecks. The signal timing at intersections together with static properties of left-turn and straight-through lanes of roads are two significant factors causing traffic bottlenecks. A discrete-time model of traffic bottleneck is hence developed to analyze these two factors, and a bottleneck indicator is introduced to estimate the comprehensive bottleneck degree of individual road in regional transportation networks universally, the identification approaches are presented to identify traffic bottlenecks, bottleneck-free roads, and bottle- neck-prone roads. Based on above work, the optimization method applies ant colony algorithm with ef- fective green time as decision variables to find out an optimal coordinated signal timing plan for a re- gional network. In addition, a real experimental transportation network is chosen to verify the valida- tion of bottleneck identification. The bottleneck identification approaches can explain the features of oc- currence and dissipation of traffic congestion in a certain extent, and the bottleneck optimization meth- od provides a new way to coordinate signal timing at intersections to mitigate traffic congestion.

Concepts, models, and indicator systems for urban safety resilience: A literature review and an exploration in China

Safety resilient city is a frontier concept of urban safety development and a hot topic in the field of urban safety research. In this paper, the relevant research results of domestic and foreign scholars are reviewed from the perspectives of concepts and models, the evaluation indicator system of urban safety resilience is compared in terms of risk types, evaluation objects, evaluation dimensions and quantitative methods, and the development of international standards for resilient cities is discussed. Based on the literature review, the connotation of the triangular theoretical model of urban safety resilience is explained, and an urban safety resilience evaluation index system applicable to Chinese cities is proposed, which provides support for the development of the national standard “Guide for safety resilient city evaluation” (GB/T 40947-2021). It is applied to six representative cities as examples for evaluation to explore the direction of Chinese urban safety resilience improvement. The pathway for improving the safety resilience of Chinese cities is discussed.

基于混合滤波的RSSI无线网络测距算法

针对基于ZigBee网络的节点接收信号强度指示(received signal strength indication,RSSI)在复杂环境测量会产生偏差的问题,提出一种基于混合滤波的无线网络测距算法。该方法在运用卡尔曼滤波的基础上融合了基于中值自适应加权高斯滤波的混合滤波,首先用卡尔曼滤波算法去除波动性较大的RSSI值,再利用中位值抗差性原理和自适应函数降低RSSI数据的波动。仿真实验结果表明,混合滤波无线网络测距算法能够较大程度减小异常值带来的波动,有效提高RSSI采样精度。

The surface geochemical exploration of oil and gas in the Gangbatong-Ya'anxiang and the Dongqiao-Nam Co of the Qinghai-Tibet region

Due to the complexity of geological background and the adverseness of natural geographical environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,it is very difficult to carry out petroleum geological study in this region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the only blank space of petroleum exploration on a large scale. The authors carried out the surface geochemical exploration of oil and gas in the Gangbatong-Ya'anxiang and Dongqiao-Nam Co of the Qinghai-Tibet region. Based on the data of actual detection and experiments in the studied area,the characteristics of concentration and profile distribution of the main geochemical exploration indicators(total adsorbed hydrocarbon,altered carbonate,thermal released mercury,etc.) were discussed. The origin of hydrocarbon was also discussed. Moreover,the oil and gas potential of different sections in the Qiangtang Basin and the Biru Basin were evaluated,which could provide references for the exploration and prediction of oil and gas in this region. The concentrations of total adsorbed hydrocarbons in the Ya'anxiang of Suoxian County-Zadong of Baqing County and the Jiecha-Dangxiong of Anduo County in the Qinghai-Tibet region are high,averaging 312.64 μL·kg-1 and 164.36 μL·kg-1. Their altered carbonate concentrations are relatively low,averaging 0.11% and 0.56%. Their concentrations of thermal released mercury are relatively high,averaging 13.09×10-9 and 1.94×10-9. Geochemical exploration results in fact reflect hydrocarbon information in the underground,which are mainly petroleum associated gas and over-matured cracking gas. The Jiecha-Charenluma and the Xiamaya'ertong-Suoba sections in the Qiangtang Basin are the most favorable ones for oil and gas and the Ekou-Zadong section is relatively favorable one,while the Nam Co and the Zigetangcuo-Dongqiao sections in the Biru Basin are the favorable ones for oil and gas,and the Jiang Co-Nading Co and the Ya'anxiang-Ya'ertong sections are relatively favorable ones.

渗出砂岩型铀矿成矿预测与找矿标志

文章基于渗出砂岩型铀矿成矿机理和模式,认为渗出砂岩型铀成矿作用不同于渗入砂岩型铀矿成矿作用,其成矿预测和找矿标志也不同;提出了渗出砂岩型铀矿成矿作用两大基本关键条件识别标志:红杂色含矿建造原生成因和其中控矿灰色砂体的后生成因识别;在提出的红杂色沉积建造中渗出砂岩型铀矿“上红下黑、上下连通、红中找灰、灰中找矿”总体找矿新思路基础上,阐明渗出砂岩型铀成矿区域预测评价条件和标志:深部富铀富有机质沉积岩建造、区域构造、区域建造、放射性异常信息和综合预测标志等,提出并阐述“小凹陷成大矿”条件;系统建立渗出砂岩型铀矿床预测定位标志体系,特别是野外可识别的宏观标志,包括控矿构造、沉积建造、蚀变改造、铀矿化砂岩颜色、外来有机质特征等,并对比了渗入和渗出砂岩型铀成矿预测标志。提出的渗出砂岩型铀矿识别标志体系不仅对区分“渗入”和“渗出”两种矿化成因,而且对厘清控矿要素、指导成矿预测和找矿工程部署具有重要意义和价值。

腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合术适应证及胆漏防治4100例临床经验

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)一期缝合适应证及胆漏并发症防治技术。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2023年8月我院收治的4100例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行LCBDE一期缝合术患者的临床资料,包括病例纳入标准、技术方法及胆漏并发症的防治经验。结果4100例LCBDE一期缝合术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。术后3991例(97.34%)恢复顺利,109例(2.66%)发生胆漏。其中101例(2.46%)漏胆不伴腹膜炎50~200 ml/d,乳胶管引流1~2周自愈,8例(0.19%)胆漏伴腹膜炎再次手术胆总管置T管及腹腔引流术,本组无死亡病例。结论胆总管结石采用LCBDE一期缝合术的方法是安全有效而且有优势的选择术式。

WiFi与ZigBee双向移动跨网通信方法研究

物联网设备的爆发式增长推进了异构无线设备互联互通的进程,跨网通信技术(Cross-Technology Communication,CTC)允许同一频段下遵循不同底层协议的无线设备在无需网关的前提下实现直联,但移动状态下的双向跨网通信方法仍缺乏系统的研究.本文提出了一种基于能量感知的跨网通信方案——MobiCTC,它支持WiFi与Zig‑Bee设备移动状态下的双向跨网通信.WiFi到ZigBee方向,该方案利用RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator)作为解码信息,基于能级映射实现信息解码;ZigBee到WiFi方向,该方案采用CSI(Channel State Information)作为解码信息,充分挖掘CSI的幅度与相位信息,利用机器学习方法实现分类解码.最后,本文使用TelosB节点和USRP X310平台对MobiCTC方案进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,移动状态下WiFi到ZigBee方向的系统吞吐量为139.535 bps,较WiZig提高了1.82倍,符号错误率为0.016,与WiZig基本持平;ZigBee到WiFi方向的系统吞吐量为250 bps,较FreeBee提高了15.7%,符号错误率为0.0516,较ZigFi下降了23.21%.

Research on velocity and acceleration geophones and their acquired information

Based on the research of two geophone types （10 Hz moving-coil velocity and piezoelectric acceleration） and their velocity and acceleration parameters, frequency response functions have been determined, as well as the differences between them. Also, shock- vibration tests have been accomplished, not only to explain the two shock response signal differences, but also to analyze the response signal characteristics and its ability to carry information. In addition, seismic data acquisition experiments have been carried out under comparable conditions in the field. A contrast analysis of shot gathers and stack profiles acquired with the two geophone types is given in this paper. The results show that the acceleration signal from the acceleration geophone has a better advantage in terms of high signal-to-noise ratio, high accuracy, high resolution, and quantity of information to better meet current and future requirements for seismic exploration.

一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法

针对接收信号强度指示(RSSI)在基于WiFi的室内定位应用中易受到环境影响出现波动、突变进而导致定位精度降低的问题,提出了一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法。首先,根据WiFi信号距离衰减模型设计一种自适应阈值滤波器剔除观测信号异常值;然后,根据自适应阈值滤波、卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波、均值(Mean)滤波设计了一种混合滤波算法(ATKM)对RSSI数据进行滤波;最后,提出了一种基于斯皮尔曼-欧几里得距离的加权K近邻算法(SEWKNN)进行位置估计。在真实环境下的实测结果表明,本文提出的ATKM滤波算法能显著降低RSSI信号的波动,提出的SEWKNN算法在室内环境中平均定位误差为1.17 m,在走廊环境中平均定位误差为1.53m,相比传统的WKNN算法平均定位误差分别下降18.18%和16.84%。

基于RSSI变化序列的MAC地址与目标匹配方法

获得真实人物与所持通信设备MAC (Media Access Control)地址的联系对公共和网络安全有重大价值。针对现有方法的不足提出了更好的解决方法。方法布置多个Wi-Fi探针获取通信设备的MAC和实时RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication)状态变化,构建RSSI状态变化序列;利用目标跟踪获取目标相对多个Wi-Fi探针的距离,构建距离状态变化序列;对2类状态变化序列进行匹配,选取最优匹配对作为目标与所携通信设备MAC地址匹配的结果。实验表明,该方法相比其他方法通用性更强,准确率更高。

短区间特殊信号显示关系及点灯电路设计方案优化研究

针对短区间列车反向追踪运行的特殊需求,深入研究信号显示关系及其配套点灯电路设计方案。首先,分析车站正线与到发线列车行车组织方式和允许速度的差异性,提出基于实际允许速度设计短区间信号显示关系,取消侧线红灯重复显示,以提升到发线的行车组织效率和车站的通过能力;其次,根据信号“故障-安全”原则及点灯电路技术条件,在兼容现有四显示出站信号机点灯电路的基础上,通过增加灯丝监督继电器,优化反向发车信号显示,以适应短区间反向按四显示追踪运行的需求。经仿真测试和实际应用验证,结果表明该方案能够保障行车安全,提高短区间列车运行效率,为铁路枢纽和繁忙干线短区间特殊信号显示关系优化及点灯电路设计提供参考和借鉴。

高速铁路信号系统碳排放边界划分及分析

准确量化高速铁路信号系统的碳排放量,对高速铁路碳排放核算及低碳化发展有重要意义。本文提出在计算其碳排放时需要综合考虑信号系统相关关联活动的思路,并划分信号系统的碳排放边界;提出基于能源消耗的信号系统碳排放计算方法,进一步利用碳流理论分析计算信号系统内各设备的相关碳流指标;最后以甘肃省兰州西高铁站为例进行分析,验证本文所提方法的可行性和有效性。结果显示,控制及监测系统的碳排放主要与电力碳排放因子有关,维护保养电码化设备所产生的碳排放平均仅有0.12 kgCO_(2)·d^(-1);信号系统各设备间的平均支路碳流密度为0.0076 kgCO_(2)·kWh^(-1),各设备的节点碳势与支路碳流密度相等。结论表明,各子系统的碳排放量主要和其能耗类型有关,电能消耗引起的间接碳排放是信号系统碳排放的主要组成部分,信号系统相关活动引起的直接碳排放与一次能源消耗成正比。

基于声音信号的离心泵轴承故障预警研究

为了对离心泵运行状态进行监测,通过采集离心泵运转声音信号,对离心泵声音信号进行时域分析、频域分析,提取时频域轴承故障预警特征。利用变分模态分解方法,筛选合适的本征模态函数进行包络调解,通过包络谱图分析离心泵轴承故障特征信息,提取离心泵轴承故障预警特征。针对离心泵轴承故障预警,从中提取正常运行和轴承故障运行特征参数,建立预警特征,进而实现对离心泵维护和保养的预警,提高离心泵使用寿命,避免离心泵轴承故障。研究结果对离心泵轴承故障预警具有指导意义。

基于改良U-Net卷积神经网络的复杂地质构造智能识别

浅地层中的地质异常体给地下工程带来了极大安全隐患,可能导致经济和生命损失.浅层地震法是开展施工场地勘察的一种无损高效的手段.但是地震勘探在浅地层问题中面临着信噪比低、信号衰减强、波场复杂等问题,结果存在多解性和主观性.针对地震勘探问题,提出了一种改良的卷积神经网络地质速度模型预测模型,提供了一种无需初始速度模型的浅层地质模型反演方案,形成了一套完整的浅层地震勘探信号处理处理流程.在训练样本方面,采用了随机地质模型方法构建多种类地质模型,并形成了地质模型-地震信号数据库.在传统U-Net卷积神经网络上进行了改良,以更好地适应浅地层弹性波叠前信号数据的反演任务.结果表明,神经网络的反演结果直观准确该模型能够精确地预测出地层分界线、褶皱、起伏、断层滑移线等的位置和大小等参数,所采用的SSIM和PSNR两个定量化评价指标均表示,所提出的改良神经网络可以实现高精度反演.预测结果与真实模型相比较,得到的SSIM平均值为0.91,PSNR平均值为39.0.同时该神经网络模型能够向三维问题扩展,能够极大地提高地震信号处理的效率和解译精度.

基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化的RSSI定位

针对传统接收信号强度指示(RSSI)测距受环境中不同因素干扰,导致定位精度不高的问题,提出基于改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化的RSSI定位算法。首先,通过混合滤波对RSSI值优化处理,剔除异常值并消除波动,RSSI测距模型将滤波后可靠的信号值换算为距离。其次,对基础麻雀搜索算法(SSA)进行改进,得到未知节点的精确坐标。实验结果表明:与另一种ISSA及粒子群优化万有引力搜索算法(PSOGSA)混合定位算法相比,该算法具有更高的定位精度。