Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5...Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.展开更多
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or unde...Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.展开更多
Channel parameters estimation in an orthogonal for the receiver station is a multi-dimensional （MD） frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） system optimization problem, because every user node has a separate lo...Channel parameters estimation in an orthogonal for the receiver station is a multi-dimensional （MD） frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） system optimization problem, because every user node has a separate local oscillator and every transmitter to receiver link has individual carrier frequency offset （CFO） and channel impulse response （CIR） parameters. In order to reduce the computational complexity for MD optimization, a time domain CFOs and CIRs estimation algorithm over the OFDMA based wireless multimedia sensor networks （WMSN） is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the receiver station can decouple the signal from every node by correlation based on specially designed training sequences, so that the MD optimization problem is simplified to an 1-D optimal problem. It is proved that the multiple CFOs can be identified from the correlation result using the phase shift of the consecutive training se- quences. Based on the CFOs estimation result, the CIRs can then he estimated according to the minimum mean square error （MMSE） criterion. The theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively decouple the signal from different user nodes and the bit error rate （BER） per- formance curves are close to the ideal estimation when the user number is not large.展开更多
A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels wit...A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.展开更多
This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying freq...This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.展开更多
为了解决现有方法难以对宽带跳频时分多址(frequency hopping-time division multiple access,FH-TDMA)辐射源网群定位的问题,提出一种仅利用波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)信息的多站定位及网群划分方法。首先通过模拟滤波对各站...为了解决现有方法难以对宽带跳频时分多址(frequency hopping-time division multiple access,FH-TDMA)辐射源网群定位的问题,提出一种仅利用波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)信息的多站定位及网群划分方法。首先通过模拟滤波对各站接收到的信号进行频段划分,通过基于多相滤波的数字信道化方法把信号输出到多个信道中;然后通过直接定位(direct position determination,DPD)算法计算得出各时隙辐射源的位置;最后先通过不同参数的基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)算法选择出最佳的辐射源定位结果,再根据提出的基于先验信息的改进K-means聚类算法进行网群划分。所提方法实现了采样率和信号处理速率的降低,且无需站间严格的时间同步。结果表明,所提方法有效估计出了辐射源的数量、位置,以及网群划分情况。展开更多
在单载波频分多址接入(single carrier frequency division multiple access,SC-FDMA)系统中提出用Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型4种不同类型离散余弦变换代替离散傅里叶变换。基于不同变换,分别推导上行链路传输信号时域表达式,并对推导式展...在单载波频分多址接入(single carrier frequency division multiple access,SC-FDMA)系统中提出用Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型4种不同类型离散余弦变换代替离散傅里叶变换。基于不同变换,分别推导上行链路传输信号时域表达式,并对推导式展开分析,比较基于不同类型离散余弦变换的SC-FDMA系统信号的特性及PAPR(peak to av-erage power ratio)性能。仿真结果表明基于DCT-Ⅱ的SC-FDMA系统与基于DFT(discrete Fourier transform)的系统一致,具有更好的PAPR特性。展开更多
本文研究了智能反射面(IRS)辅助OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,正交频分多址接入)云无线接入网(C-RAN)的下行链路传输系统,其中基带处理单元(BBU)池通过多个远端射频头(RRH)与多个用户进行通信.RRH到用户的接入...本文研究了智能反射面(IRS)辅助OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,正交频分多址接入)云无线接入网(C-RAN)的下行链路传输系统,其中基带处理单元(BBU)池通过多个远端射频头(RRH)与多个用户进行通信.RRH到用户的接入链路采用OFDMA接入技术.对于BBU池到RRH,采用无线前传链路,并且部署多个IRS以增强链路传输能力.在BBU池和每个RRH发射功率约束下,本文提出通过联合优化前传链路和接入链路资源配置使下行用户和速率最大化.由于该资源配置问题是非凸的,首先采用连续凸逼近(SCA)对目标以及约束条件进行转换.其次,将转换后的问题拆分成三个子问题来交替性求解.最后,计算机仿真结果显示了所提出的联合资源分配方法与其他基准方案相比具有显著的传输性能增益.展开更多
为有效利用非理想信道状态信息(imperfect channel state information,ICSI)进行自适应资源调度以提高链路平均有效吞吐量,给出了采用M-QAM调制方式时ICSI下用户平均成功传输速率公式,通过仿真验证了其正确性,并据该公式提出一种基于ICS...为有效利用非理想信道状态信息(imperfect channel state information,ICSI)进行自适应资源调度以提高链路平均有效吞吐量,给出了采用M-QAM调制方式时ICSI下用户平均成功传输速率公式,通过仿真验证了其正确性,并据该公式提出一种基于ICSI的自适应调制方案。通过分别研究ICSI对自适应子载波分配和自适应调制的影响,分析ICSI可靠度对链路平均有效吞吐量的影响。仿真结果表明,基于ICSI的自适应调制方案可有效对抗ICSI可靠度下降对平均有效吞吐量的影响;相比之下,采用自适应子载波分配算法时,ICSI可靠度的下降对链路平均有效吞吐量的影响较大。展开更多
To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal...To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA).The idea of this protocol is that OFMDA is used to divide the entire frequency field into multiple orthogonal resource units(RUs),and NOMA is used on each RU to enable more users to access the channel and improve spectrum efficiency.Based on the protocol designed in this paper,in the case of imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC),the probability of successful competition subchannels and the outage probability are derived for two scenarios:Users occupy the subchannel individually and users share the subchannel.Moreover,when two users share the channel,the decoding order of the users and the corresponding probabilities are considered.Then,the system throughput is obtained.To achieve better outage performance in the system,the optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper,which enables the optimal power allocation strategy to be obtained.Numerical results show that the larger the imperfect SIC coefficient,the worse the outage performance of weak users.Compared with pure OFDMA and NOMA,OFDMA-NOMA-RA always maintains an advantage when the imperfect SIC coefficient is less than a specific value.展开更多
基金supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2018R1A6A1A03024003)
文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.
文摘Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2006AA01Z216)
文摘Channel parameters estimation in an orthogonal for the receiver station is a multi-dimensional （MD） frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） system optimization problem, because every user node has a separate local oscillator and every transmitter to receiver link has individual carrier frequency offset （CFO） and channel impulse response （CIR） parameters. In order to reduce the computational complexity for MD optimization, a time domain CFOs and CIRs estimation algorithm over the OFDMA based wireless multimedia sensor networks （WMSN） is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the receiver station can decouple the signal from every node by correlation based on specially designed training sequences, so that the MD optimization problem is simplified to an 1-D optimal problem. It is proved that the multiple CFOs can be identified from the correlation result using the phase shift of the consecutive training se- quences. Based on the CFOs estimation result, the CIRs can then he estimated according to the minimum mean square error （MMSE） criterion. The theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively decouple the signal from different user nodes and the bit error rate （BER） per- formance curves are close to the ideal estimation when the user number is not large.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60372107).
文摘A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.
文摘This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.
文摘为了解决现有方法难以对宽带跳频时分多址(frequency hopping-time division multiple access,FH-TDMA)辐射源网群定位的问题,提出一种仅利用波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)信息的多站定位及网群划分方法。首先通过模拟滤波对各站接收到的信号进行频段划分,通过基于多相滤波的数字信道化方法把信号输出到多个信道中;然后通过直接定位(direct position determination,DPD)算法计算得出各时隙辐射源的位置;最后先通过不同参数的基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)算法选择出最佳的辐射源定位结果,再根据提出的基于先验信息的改进K-means聚类算法进行网群划分。所提方法实现了采样率和信号处理速率的降低,且无需站间严格的时间同步。结果表明,所提方法有效估计出了辐射源的数量、位置,以及网群划分情况。
文摘在单载波频分多址接入(single carrier frequency division multiple access,SC-FDMA)系统中提出用Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型4种不同类型离散余弦变换代替离散傅里叶变换。基于不同变换,分别推导上行链路传输信号时域表达式,并对推导式展开分析,比较基于不同类型离散余弦变换的SC-FDMA系统信号的特性及PAPR(peak to av-erage power ratio)性能。仿真结果表明基于DCT-Ⅱ的SC-FDMA系统与基于DFT(discrete Fourier transform)的系统一致,具有更好的PAPR特性。
文摘本文研究了智能反射面(IRS)辅助OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,正交频分多址接入)云无线接入网(C-RAN)的下行链路传输系统,其中基带处理单元(BBU)池通过多个远端射频头(RRH)与多个用户进行通信.RRH到用户的接入链路采用OFDMA接入技术.对于BBU池到RRH,采用无线前传链路,并且部署多个IRS以增强链路传输能力.在BBU池和每个RRH发射功率约束下,本文提出通过联合优化前传链路和接入链路资源配置使下行用户和速率最大化.由于该资源配置问题是非凸的,首先采用连续凸逼近(SCA)对目标以及约束条件进行转换.其次,将转换后的问题拆分成三个子问题来交替性求解.最后,计算机仿真结果显示了所提出的联合资源分配方法与其他基准方案相比具有显著的传输性能增益.
文摘为有效利用非理想信道状态信息(imperfect channel state information,ICSI)进行自适应资源调度以提高链路平均有效吞吐量,给出了采用M-QAM调制方式时ICSI下用户平均成功传输速率公式,通过仿真验证了其正确性,并据该公式提出一种基于ICSI的自适应调制方案。通过分别研究ICSI对自适应子载波分配和自适应调制的影响,分析ICSI可靠度对链路平均有效吞吐量的影响。仿真结果表明,基于ICSI的自适应调制方案可有效对抗ICSI可靠度下降对平均有效吞吐量的影响;相比之下,采用自适应子载波分配算法时,ICSI可靠度的下降对链路平均有效吞吐量的影响较大。
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61663024in part by the Hongliu First Class Discipline Development Project of Lanzhou University of Technology(25-225305).
文摘To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA).The idea of this protocol is that OFMDA is used to divide the entire frequency field into multiple orthogonal resource units(RUs),and NOMA is used on each RU to enable more users to access the channel and improve spectrum efficiency.Based on the protocol designed in this paper,in the case of imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC),the probability of successful competition subchannels and the outage probability are derived for two scenarios:Users occupy the subchannel individually and users share the subchannel.Moreover,when two users share the channel,the decoding order of the users and the corresponding probabilities are considered.Then,the system throughput is obtained.To achieve better outage performance in the system,the optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper,which enables the optimal power allocation strategy to be obtained.Numerical results show that the larger the imperfect SIC coefficient,the worse the outage performance of weak users.Compared with pure OFDMA and NOMA,OFDMA-NOMA-RA always maintains an advantage when the imperfect SIC coefficient is less than a specific value.
