Rescuing High-Tech Sectors from Imminent Disaster, Using Isomorphic Lessons & Organisational Learning Strategies as Prerequisite Tools to Manage Safety

Within high-risk industries, efficient management of safety is an important element of organisational efforts to reduce accidents. Most organisations such as nuclear, aviation and oil and gas sectors have a safety management system (SMS) which provides sequence of organisational procedure to identify hazards, mitigation of risk, measure performance, investigate incidents and maintain an on-going continuous improvement. However, experts believe that when such complex organisations complement safety management system with isomorphic lessons and organisational learning strategies to manage safety, there will be a high propensity to aggressively reduce risk and save cost. Undoubtedly, learning from accidents/incidents is one of many ways to manage safely in any given organisation. As a result, this paper is intended to ascertain if organisations use isomorphic lessons and organisational learning as strong feature of organisation’s practice capable of promoting stronger safety culture;and if lessons learned from other high-risk sectors can help inform risk-based decisions in organisations. Risk experts and by extension the nuclear sector, could have learned from past accident such as the Three Mile Island of 1979 and employ lessons learned to forestall future occurrences. Primary data was gathered via online, and research population are health and safety professionals from aviation, nuclear, and the oil and gas sectors. The sample size recruited are aviation (n = 59, 25%);nuclear (n = 124, 54%);and oil and gas (n = 49, 21%). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse 232 responses used for this paper.

Research on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity among the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation countries

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.

An Exploration of Policy Making in Public and Organisational Domains

This article critically analyses the interplay between policy at institutional level and policy at national level. It also examines the policy-making process by using examples from literature and identifies consultation as a more organic way of policy-making.

Literature Review of Effects of Organisational Culture on Foreign-Educated Returnees at Universities in Yunnan

I propose to research on the topic of how organisational culture impacts upon cultural adaptation of foreign-educated returnees at universities in Yunnan and how to manage communication in the process of cultural adaptation and reintegration.In the literature review section,I review the major literature surrounding the role the foreign-trained returnees have played in China's higher education.I also discuss the tensions between new returnees,senior returnees,locally trained young and senior scholars,and management in the organisational contexts of Chinese higher education.

COVID-19 pandemic:Building organisational flexibility to scale transplant programs

The prevailing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has challenged our lives in an unprecedented manner.The pandemic has had a significant impact on transplantation worldwide.The logistics of travel restrictions,stretching of available resources,unclear risk of infection in immunosuppressed transplant recipients,and evolving guidelines on testing and transplantation are some of the factors that have unfavourably influenced transplant activity.We must begin to build organisational flexibility in order to restart transplantation so that we can be mindful stewards of organ donation and sincere advocates for our patients.Building a culture of honesty and transparency(with patients,families,colleagues,societies,and authorities),keeping the channels of communication open,working in collaboration with others(at local,regional,national,and international levels),and not restarting without rethinking and appraising all elements of our practice,are the main underlying principles to increase the flexibility.

Organisational Hierarchies and Decision Making Process of Chinese Multinational Enterprises in Vietnam

This paper examines the organisational hierarchies and decision making processes of two Chinese multinational enterprises operating in Vietnam—China Luoyang Floating Glass Corp.(CLFG) and China TCL Holdings Co.Ltd.(TCL).For this study, research data were obtained from in-depth interviews of more than 20 government officials in P.R.China and Vietnam, and managers and staff of those two enterprises.Results indicate that the organisational structures of the two enterprises are still vertical but complex, although moderate changes made to them post the nationwide economic reform of China.Consequently, decision making process follows a "top-down" model, sometimes, with insufficient grassroots information.Findings are discussed in the light of political, social and cultural milieu, and implications are drawn for the management of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in overseas markets.Both CLFG and China TCL are structured on task specialisations.However, departmentalisation in TCL′s overseas division in head office is not only based on products, but also on geographical regions of markets.The organisational structure of TCL in Vietnam is less complex than the international division, but it is more centralised.Decision making at TCL combines more traditional Chinese business philosophy with modern western organisational characteristics.TCL has a strong western influence in its management style.However, some traditional characteristics such as "hero" leadership influence and political influence are involved with decision making at TCL.Amongst others, the transitional economy, social culture, poor management system and political sensitivity have been major elements influencing decision making.In the case of CLFG, some decisions have been made before proper information has been gathered and analysed.

Knowledge Transfer Framework for Managing Knowledge in Relief Organisations

In recent years,knowledge management(KM)theory has become an omnipresent and important element of organisational development.It includes processes intended to improve organisational effectiveness and it describes the convergence of people,processes,and systems.However,its application is limited to the development of technology for document repository and sharing.To promote new ways of approaching KM,this paper focuses on four knowledge topics:the use of human capital,social capital,structural capital,and artificial intelligence.Accepting that the four components of KM:people,processes,tools,and organisation,are interdependent,nested,and porous,then getting relevant knowledge to those who need it,when they need it,is critical for knowledge transfer.This paper considers whether the recovery of forgotten knowledge will create value for organisations.It proposes a new holistic framework to enhance the transferability of tacit and implicit knowledge in emergency relief organisations.It considers the application of artificial intelligence in the aid sector as a means of achieving this,and it proposes its use for providing ready-to-use knowledge for decision making in emergencies.Using a quantitative and qualitative research approach,this research resolves several ambiguities in the application of the KM discipline within emergency relief organisations.It found that there is no relationship between the employees’age and their attitude to communicating across organisational boundaries to exchange knowledge,yet age is a factor in the use of organisational social networks as a communication tool.Further,it found little difference in the way employees of various designations comprehend the human,structural,and social capital elements of an organisation,yet the importance,selection,and use of each of these elements is dependent on the employees’designation and/or position in the organisational hierarchy.Finally,it found that age is a key factor in the frequency of changing jobs,which contributes to the loss of tacit and implicit knowledge in aid organisations.This paper concludes by providing recommendations for action within each of the five knowledge sharing dimensions:individual,social,managerial,cultural,and structural.

Artificial Intelligence Self-Organising (AI-SON) Frameworks for 5G-Enabled Networks: A Review

The fifth generation (5G) networks will support the rapid emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices operating in a heterogeneous network (HetNet) system. These 5G-enabled IoT devices will result in a surge in data traffic for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to handle. At the same time, MNOs are preparing for a paradigm shift to decouple the control and forwarding plane in a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. Artificial Intelligence powered Self-Organising Networks (AI-SON) can fit into the SDN architecture by providing prediction and recommender systems to minimise costs in supporting the MNO’s infrastructure. This paper presents a review report on AI-SON frameworks in 5G and SDN. The review considers the dynamic deployment and functions of the AI-SON frameworks, especially for SDN support and applications. Each module in the frameworks was discussed to ascertain its relevance based on the context of AI-SON and SDN integration. After examining each framework, the identified gaps are summarised as open issues for future works.

近代俄国政权与医疗社会组织的互动与博弈——以皮罗戈夫全俄医生协会为中心

1861年农奴制改革后,俄国的社会组织迎来了难得的发展机遇期。在此背景下,俄国的医疗社会组织也如火如荼地发展起来,皮罗戈夫全俄医生协会正是其中非常重要的一个。该协会最大限度地汇聚了俄国的医生群体,并通过组织救民运动、创办机关杂志、召开全俄医生代表大会等活动不断提高自身影响力。至19世纪末20世纪初,该协会已成为俄国医生交流工作经验、维护职业权益、参与公共服务与社会治理的重要平台,为俄国医学的发展及国家公共卫生体系的形成作出了重要贡献。然而,随着俄国在日俄战争中遭受重创、国内政治形势不断恶化、群众运动此起彼伏,政府愈加担心社会力量增强会对专制制度构成威胁,便加大了对各类社会组织的监督和审查力度,不断削弱社会组织的自主性,肆意干预其内部事务,俄国医疗社会组织的发展由此陷入了政府多维掣肘的泥淖。

复杂全球化场景中的个人身份认同离散与国家认同塑造

当今时代的全球化日益显露其复杂化特征。复杂全球化在让国家职能削弱、个体身份破碎的同时,也让囿于现代民族国家内部的社会个体身份认同面临困境,发生纵向迁移和横向离散。其中,社会实体组织与网络虚拟社群是在横向上与民族国家争夺社会个体身份认同的重要行为主体,它们的存在使得个体身份的横向离散成为事实。这一事实既让社会个体面临“难以抉择”的身份认同困境,也造成现代民族国家普遍面临国家认同危机。基于此,可以通过国家主义导向的文化建设来重塑社会个体的国家认同。首先,牢牢掌握党对意识形态工作的领导权,深入开展舆论斗争,掌握舆论战场上的主动权;其次,强化社会主义核心价值观的引领,将国家主流价值观有机地引入社会各组织、各网络群体中,形成强大的社会凝聚力,增强各组织群体成员对国家全方面多角度的认同;最后,要铸牢中华民族共同体意识,唤起全体中华民族共同体成员对于国家的认同,强化高水平的国家认同对于中华民族共同体意识铸牢的重要价值,形成重塑社会个体国家认同的中国方案。

乡村教师数字化持续专业发展对数字化教学素养的影响——组织支持感和数字化教学自我效能感的中介作用

提高乡村教师的数字化教学素养是数字化时代乡村教育振兴的关键路径,是缩小城乡教育差距的时代机遇。通过建构结构方程模型,探讨教育数字化转型背景下乡村教师的组织支持感与数字化教学自我效能感在数字化持续专业发展与数字化教学素养关系中的作用。在中国19个省85个市收集12488名中小学教师的数据,分析发现:其一,乡村教师数字化持续专业发展积极显著影响数字化教学素养;其二,组织支持感在数字化持续专业发展与数字化教学素养关系中的中介效应显著;其三,数字化教学自我效能感在数字化持续专业发展与数字化教学素养中的中介效应显著;其四,乡村教师数字化持续专业发展通过组织支持感—数字化教学自我效能感这一中介链对数字化教学素养产生间接效应。

多源自媒体资源知识组织模型构建研究

[目的/意义]多源自媒体资源已成为获取信息的重要途径,其多源异构特性使有效知识组织面临挑战。鉴于当前缺乏统一的媒体资源元数据标准,本研究通过文本化、知识元抽取和语义关联等技术路径,旨在构建和实现针对多源自媒体资源的知识组织模型。[方法/过程]研究首先复用和自定义DC元数据,构建多源自媒体资源的元数据描述框架,并据此构建多源自媒体资源本体和语义网络。借助计算机算法实现多源自媒体资源的文本构建标准化,使知识组织研究可以深入到多源自媒体资源的具体内容中。此外,还实现了多源自媒体资源的命名实体、关键词和知识摘要的抽取,并设计了语义关联实验,以上研究都以B站、抖音、知乎等平台数据为基础。[结果/结论]通过算法在多源自媒体资源和给定虚拟馆藏资源进行关联,达成了虚拟馆藏资源到多源自媒体资源的语义关联映射,旨在发掘多源自媒体资源的多元价值,为图书馆的知识服务提供新思路。

基于SNA的IDI制度下住宅工程项目利益相关主体虚拟组织结构设计

将住宅工程项目各阶段涉及的建设单位、政府、保险公司等利益相关主体作为研究对象,采用社会网络分析(SNA)等方法识别IDI制度下住宅工程项目利益相关主体,通过专家访谈量化分析各利益主体间的交互频率、情感强度、熟识性和互惠性分析主体间关系及其空间结构。结果表明:IDI制度下建设单位、施工单位、保险公司、政府部门等4主体属于核心主体位于结构的核心层,其关系紧密有利于实现资源共享和集成管理;其他一般利益主体位于结构的外围层,借助合同形成契约关系,建立短期协作机制完成建造任务。建立“核心-外围”双层网络型虚拟组织结构实现规模经济和质量提升。

卫星互联网应对亚太地区数字鸿沟应用前景分析

亚太地区是数字鸿沟问题较显著的区域之一。文中分析了亚太地区部分国家的数字鸿沟现状,简述了卫星互联网的特点和亚太地区国际组织发展卫星互联网的相关战略,分析了卫星互联网应对亚太地区数字鸿沟的应用前景与未来发展方向。

从“批判的工学主义”看日本公共空间营造的社会性转向

日本新生代建筑师藤村龙至的“批判的工学主义”理论,是3·11大地震以后,观察日本城市公共空间营造回应新命题、描绘新内涵、揭示新转向的重要切入点之一。基于对该理论框架的综合分析,以及3个典型案例的深入研究,本文从公共空间营造的新设计主体、设计程序、设计组织3个重要层面,总结了日本公共空间营造的新生态。基于“批判的工学主义”的新生态,形成了与“共治”体系的目标与方法的价值对应,成为具有重要参考价值的公共空间营造新趋势。

小农户如何走向农业组织化经营——来自农民工回流农户的证据

农业组织化是中国式农业现代化的重要内容。回流农民工形成的农业人力资本补偿,对于推动小农户组织化由被动型向主动型转变具有重要的现实意义。利用2017年中国农村家庭追踪调查数据实证分析了农民工回流对农业组织化经营的影响。研究发现:(1)农民工回流显著促进了农户的组织化经营,改善了农户农业生产的契约化、合作化及分工化的程度。(2)机制分析表明,包括契约精神、合作意识以及企业家精神在内的人力资本提升是回流农户实现农业组织化经营的重要传导路径。(3)异质性分析表明,不同外出务工时长、外出务工地点以及外出务工工作性质的回流农民工对农业组织化经营的影响均存在差异性。其中,外出务工时长与农户的农业组织化经营呈“倒U”形关系;相较于西部,中部、东部回流农民工进行农业组织化经营的程度更深;相较于临时工作经历,具有自雇或正式工作经历的回流农民工对农业组织化经营的影响更大。为了降低小农户组织化参与过程中的人力资本约束,不仅要提升农内务农者的人力资本,还应重视经由迁徙途径形成的人力资本,并重点关注具有异质性的人力资本回流农民工对传统农业的改造作用。

碳排放权交易制度对企业竞争战略选择的作用机制研究

碳排放权交易制度作为一种市场激励型环境规制手段,在促使企业减排中发挥重要作用,但其对企业竞争战略的影响仍有待探讨。本文利用我国建立碳排放权交易试点这一准自然实验,使用双重差分法考察碳排放权交易制度对企业竞争战略选择的影响及其异质性,并使用PSM-DID等方法检验稳健性。本文的主要发现如下:被纳入碳排放权交易试点显著正向促进企业差异化战略的实施,但对企业低成本战略无显著影响,且组织冗余在两者间起正向调节作用。

新时代基层党组织群众组织力提升路径探赜

随着新时代中国特色社会主义事业的不断发展,基层党组织在推动党的事业蓬勃发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。群众组织力的建设不仅是夯实基层党组织战斗堡垒的基本内涵,更是加强基层党组织建设的重要目标。基于此,正确客观探赜基层党组织的群众组织力现状,全面分析其现阶段所面临的挑战,才能有针对性地找到提升基层党组织群众组织力的路径。在新时代的背景下,想要高效开展群众工作、着力提升群众组织力需要做到:以完善政策落实机制提高基层党组织政策执行力,以彻底的自我革命为抓手坚定人民立场,抓牢网络空间优势形成线上线下有效联动。