Spheroidization of silica powders by radio frequency inductively coupled plasma with Ar–H2 and Ar–N2 as the sheath gases at atmospheric pressure

Amorphous spherical silica powders were prepared by inductively coupled thermal plasma treatment at a radio frequency of 36.2 MHz. The effects of the added content of hydrogen and nitrogen into argon(serving as the sheath gas), as well as the carrier gas flow rate, on the spheroidization rate of silica powders, were investigated. The prepared silica powders before and after plasma treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Results indicated that the average size of the silica particles increased, and the transformation of crystals into the amorphous state occurred after plasma treatment. Discharge image processing was employed to analyze the effect of the plasma temperature field on the spheroidization rate. The spheroidization rate of the silica powder increased with the increase of the hydrogen content in the sheath gas. On the other hand, the spheroidization rate of the silica power first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen content in the sheath gas. Moreover, the amorphous content increased with the increase of the spheroidization rate of the silica powder.

Synthesis of silica powder with high pore volume by skeleton reinforcement

In this paper,a method composed of gelation of basic skeleton(first step)and skeleton reinforcement process(second step)was introduced to synthesize silica powder with high pore volume through the reaction between water glass and sulfuric acid.No organic solvents were involved in the entire preparation process and the final product was collected by spray drying.The effect of concentration of base solution,gelation point p H value and skeleton reinforcement time on the BET specific surface area and pore volume of the prepared silica powder were investigated intensively.The results show that,a basic skeleton with good dispersibility and high porosity was obtained when the concentration of base solution was 0.1 mol·L^(-1) and the gelation p H value reached 6.5.Then the basic skeleton grew into a more uniform porous structure after 30 min skeleton reinforcement.Under these optimum conditions,silica powder prepared by skeleton reinforcement method had a BET specific surface area of 358.0 m^(2)·g^(-1),and its pore volume reached 2.18 cm^(3)·g^(-1),which was much higher than that of prepared by skeleton-free method(1.62 cm^(3)·g^(-1))and by direct gelation method(0.31 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).

Study on the Structure and Properties of Cadmium Removal Adsorbent Made by Ultrafine Silica Powder

An efficient and recyclable cadmium removal adsorbent was prepared by molding and sintering of ultrafine silica powder produced from ferroalloy plant as the main raw materials, with the addition of a certain amount of AI（OH）3 and CaO for modification. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the crystal phases and microstructures of the adsorbent. The influences of different pH, initial cadmium concentration and contacting time on the cadmium adsorption capacity were investigated. The results show that the cadmium removal capacity is up to 0.239 mg/g at the initial Cd2＋ concentration of 5 g/L, pH value of 7 and contacting time of 120 rain when the optimum, mass ratio is 70（ultrafine silica powder）：30（Al（OH）3 and CaO mixture）. The corresponding adsorbent has a porous structure with main crystalline phases of CazAI2SiO7 and CaSiO3. Cadmium is adsorbed and removed mainly by physical adsorption, assisted by chemical adsorption.

Structure Characterization and Dephosphorization Effect Analysis of Oyster Shell-silica Micropowder Waste Water Dephosphorization Materials

In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods. It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L, and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration. It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly, and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization. When the pH value was 11, the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest. For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in8 h.

Hydration Products of Cement-silica Fume-quartz Powder Mixture under Different Curing Regimes

Composition, morphology, and structure of hydration products in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement（cement-silica fume, cement-quartz powder and cement-silica fume-quartz powder） hydrated under different curing regimes（standard curing, 90 ℃ steam curing, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ autoclave curing） were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX system. Results showed that the main hydration products in three kinds of hardened pastes under standard curing condition are all C-S-H gels, CH, and AFt. Under 90 ℃ steam curing condition, the main hydration products of cement-silica fume and cement-silica fume-quartz powder are C-S-H gels, whereas those of cement-quartz powder are C-S-H and CH. Under 200 or 250 ℃ autoclave curing condition, no obvious crystallized CH phase is found in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement, and C-S-H gels are transformed into one or more crystalline phases such as tobermorite, jennite, and xonotlite. The chemical composition and morphology of these crystalline phases depend on the composition of mixture and autoclave temperature.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA GEL POWDERS

Silica gel powders,with particle diameter in the range 10 to 20 nm,were prepared from water glass using ethyl acetate as a latent acid reagent. The products were characterized by TGDTA, TEM, FTIR, BET and some other experiment methods. The process of silica solgel formation and the thermal behavior as well as phase change of the silica powders during heattreating process were studied, and the effect of heattreating temperature on the specific surface area and apparent density of the silica powders was investigated.

Preparation of Magnesia Insulation Materials by Walnut Shell Powder Impregnated with Silica Sol

In order to reduce the thermal energy loss of high temperature kilns and furnaces and lower the surface temperature of the kiln body,magnesia insulation materials were prepared using self-made magnesia porous aggregates(using high purity magnesia powder as starting material and potassium oleate as the foaming agent),middle grade magnesia powder,calcium aluminate cement,and SiO_(2) micropowder as starting materials,introducing walnut shell powder impregnated with silica sol(short for Sws)as a pore-forming agent.The effects of the Sws addition(0,10%,15%,and 20%,by mass)and the sintering temperature(1300,1350,1400,and 1480℃)on the properties of magnesia insulation materials were studied.The results show that(1)for the specimens fired at 1480℃,when the Sws addition is 10%,the cold compressive strength is 22 MPa;when the Sws addition is 20%,the thermal conductivity is 0.368 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)(350℃);(2)nano-silica in the silica sol reacts with MgO in the matrix to form forsterite,which encapsulates the pores volatilized from the walnut shell powder and forms closed pores.

隧道超挖超耗管控措施研究

隧道的超挖超耗管控是绿色低碳时代背景下工程界最关心的难题,对施工企业的成本控制和效益提升具有重要意义。以武两高速XFS隧道为背景,系统总结了隧道超挖超耗的10类影响因素和常见对策,包括围岩条件、施工参数、测量放样、爆破方案、钻孔质量、喷射混凝土回弹率、预留变形量、物资设备性能、作业人员水平和现场施工管控。分析了XFS隧道超挖超耗的原因,并制定了加强地质预报和超前支护施作,减小开挖进尺;动态调整爆破方案,严格炮孔质量检查;引入超细改性硅微粉优化配合比,提高喷射工艺水平;加强现场施工管控,制定超挖超耗管控办法,落实作业人员的激励奖惩等措施。措施执行后,XFS隧道平均超挖由30.1 cm降低至16.6 cm,综合超耗由173.7%降低至100.7%。

片状铝粉与SiO_(2)气凝胶对硅溶胶/苯丙乳液双层涂料隔热性能的影响

为提高涂料保温隔热性能,以硅溶胶为主要成膜物,苯丙乳液为辅助成膜物,在基体表面形成双层隔热涂层,其中底层和顶层涂料分别以SiO_(2)气凝胶、片状铝粉作为隔热填料。系统研究了片状铝粉和SiO_(2)气凝胶对双层涂料隔热性能的影响,并对相关隔热机理进行了探讨。结果表明:片状铝粉含量为4%时涂层的隔热效果最好,与空白板相比隔热温差达到9.1℃;SiO_(2)气凝胶的添加量为4%~5%时,涂层的隔热性能最佳。片状铝粉的添加可使涂料具有反射型隔热性能,而SiO_(2)气凝胶的添加使涂料具有阻隔型隔热特性。结合这两者的隔热特性,成功构建了具有双机制隔热特性的双层涂料结构,其隔热温差达到了10.9℃,高于单一涂层的隔热效果。

Discussion on the Effects of Temperature, Carbon Fiber and Silica

Concrete, as an essential construction material in the construction industry, is the main component of solid waste. To improve the strength and durability of concrete, some additives can be added into concrete to replace parts of cement. Carbon fiber and silica powder are the most common additives. Under a series of experiments, the effects of temperature, carbon fiber and silica powder on the mechanical properties of concrete were studied under normal circumstances. In this paper, a conclusion on the effects was drawn up mainly through some experimental analyses, so as to discuss the effect laws and provide a reference to manufacture the concrete of high strength and properties.

D.C.Plasma-Sprayed Coatings of Nanostructured Alumina-Titania-Silica

Nanocrystalline powders of w(Al2O3)=95%, w(TiO2)=3%, and w(SiO2)=2%, were reprocessed into agglomerated particles for plasma spraying, by using consecutive steps of ball milling, slurry forming, spray drying, and heat treatment. D. C. plasma was used to spray the agglomerated nanocrystalline powders, and resultant coatings were deposited on the substrate of stainless steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the agglomerated powders and the cross section of the alumina-titania-silica coatings. Exper-imental results show that the agglomerated nanocrystalline particles are spherical, with a size from (10 - 90)μm. The flow ability of the nanocrystalline powders is greatly improved after the reprocessing. The coatings deposited by the plasma spraying are mainly of nanostructure. Unlike conventional plasma-sprayed coatings, no laminar layer could be found in the nanostructured coatings. Although the nanostructured coatings have a lower microhardness than conventional microstructured coatings, the toughness of the nanostructured ceramic coatings is significantly improved.

轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的制备及性能研究

本文利用新疆地区粉煤灰和微硅粉等典型固废资源为原料,开展轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土制备技术研究,分析了原料配比、水料比和发气剂掺量对制品绝干密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,当m(粉煤灰)∶m(微硅粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(生石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(石膏)=30∶25∶10∶25∶8∶2、铝粉量为总物料质量的0.10%、水料比为0.58、蒸压温度为195℃、蒸压压力为1.2 MPa、蒸压时间为8 h时,轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的绝干密度为568.70 kg/m^(3),抗压强度为5.4 MPa,导热系数为0.140 W/(m·K),达到了A5.0、B06等级。

Effect of Sand Partial Substitution for Glass Powder on the Behaviour of Sand-Cement Mortar

Partial substitution of aggregates for pieces of glass in concrete contributes to reducing the use this resource and preserving the environment for future generations. However, concretes or mortars mixed with crushed glass can deteriorate within a few years, because of the alkali-silica reaction related to the size of glass pieces. Some investigations were carried out in order to find out how to bring down this phenomenon. Different percentages of glass powder were mixed with mortar made from sand, cement and crushed glass pieces of which diameter is between 1 and 5 mm. Products obtained were submitted to flexural testing, compressive strength testing and resistance to acid attack and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) observations were made after a period running from 28 to 180 days of drying. The results show an increase in the mechanical properties of products with glass powder and an improvement in the durability of mortar in acidic environment. Such improvements are related to the enhanced adhesion created between crushed glass pieces and cementitious matrix containing glass powder as a result of pozzolanic reaction.

Recycling of Cristobalite Powder in Casting Mould

Cristobalite SiO2 can be obtained from the fused silica ceramic waste of ploysilicon plant, due to the phase conversion of fused silica to cristobalite during the process of polysilicon ingot. Cristobalite powder materials with high purity are manufactured by milling the discarded waste above. Thermal expansion rate of the cristobalite and gypsum bonding moulds were studied, which show that the thermal expansion of the cristobalite phase transition could effectively compensate for the shrinkage of the gypsum at the temperature between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃. Casting experiments with copper alloy show that the cristobalite can improve the thermal performance of moulds for precise casting of jewelry.

Effect of Glass Powder on Chloride Ion Transport and Alkali-aggregate Reaction Expansion of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The effects of glass powder on the strength development, chloride permeability and potential alkali-aggregate reaction expansion of lightweight aggregate concrete were investigated. Ground blast furnace slag, coal fly ash and silica fume were used as reference materials. The re- placement of cement with 25% glass powder slightly decreases the strengthes at ？ and 28 d, but shows no effect on 90 d＇s. Silica fume is very effective in improving both the strength and chloride penetration resistance, while ground glass powder is much more effective than blast furnace slag and fly ash in improving chloride penetration resistance of the concrete. When expanded shale or clay is used as coarse aggregate, the concrete containing glass powder does not exhibit deleterious expansion even if alkali-reactive sand is used as fine aggregate of the concrete.

硅粉和活化煤矸石粉改性透水混凝土强度和耐久性研究

为研究硅粉和活化煤矸石粉对透水混凝土强度和耐久性的影响规律,分别利用硅粉和活化煤矸石粉代替0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的水泥进行透水混凝土试样制备,对新拌混凝土的流动性以及硬化混凝土强度、耐久性进行了测试分析,研究了硅粉和活化煤矸石粉对透水混凝土基本特性的影响规律,以及2种材料的掺量范围和适用性。结果表明:①掺入10%~15%的硅粉和10%的活化煤矸石粉可以有效提高混凝土强度,且硅粉对强度的提升效果更为明显,但对混凝土流动性和透水性会有不利影响;②随着硫酸溶液侵蚀时间和冻融循环次数增加,混凝土抗压强度和质量比均不断下降。根据上述分析可知:①掺入5%~10%的硅粉和5%的活化煤矸石粉对混凝土的抗H_(2)SO_(4)溶液长期侵蚀性有利;②掺入5%~20%的硅粉和10%~15%的活化煤矸石粉对混凝土的抗酸雨—冻融循环侵蚀性有利;相比之下,硅粉对混凝土的长期冻融耐久性更有利。

Synthesis of Si3N4 Powder Using Sawdust as Carbon Source

Si3N4 powder was synthesized by carbothermal re- duction nitridation reaction using sawdust as carbon source and introducing SiO2 by silica sol immersion. Effects of SiO2 content of silica sol, molding pressure, reaction temperature, reaction duration, and N2 flow rate on phase compositions and microstructure of result- ants were studied. The results show that using 7. 5 mass% SiO2 containing silica sol immersed sawdust as raw materials, the prepared Si3N4 powder is featured with high α-Si3N4 content, few impurities, etc. in the conditions of 1 450 ℃ of reaction temperature, 9 h of reaction duration, 400 mL ·min- 1 of N2 flow rate and 10 MPa of molding pressure.

烷氧基硅烷低聚物改性球形硅微粉及其应用

分别以自制乙烯基烷氧基硅烷低聚物、氨基烷氧基硅烷低聚物、多元烷氧基硅烷低聚物为改性剂,对液相法球形硅微粉进行表面改性,通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、粒度分布仪等表征了改性剂的结构、硅微粉微观形貌及粒径分布,并考察了改性硅微粉对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用实验合成的改性剂对液相法球形硅微粉进行表面处理后,硅微粉的粒径增大且尺寸均一性提高,硅微粉颗粒间夹杂碎片杂质的情况得到改善,添加到环氧树脂体系后材料的力学性能提高。

辐射降温锦纶长丝及其针织物性能研究

辐射降温锦纶是以高红外发射型无机粒子SiO 2和红外透过材料聚酰胺6(PA6)为原料,采用熔融纺丝制备的具备被动辐射降温功能的长丝。对3种不同加工工艺的辐射降温锦纶长丝和普通锦纶长丝进行对比研究,测试其表面形貌、聚集态结构、化学组分、力学性能、热学性能和表面摩擦性能。进一步对上述4种长丝织成的针织物的导热性能、瞬间接触凉感和室内降温性能进行测试比较。结果表明,以添加了SiO 2的辐射降温PA6为皮层材料、聚乙烯(PE)为芯层材料纺出的辐射降温PA6/PE皮芯复合丝,和辐射降温圆形截面锦纶长丝间隔递纱织造的针织物具有最好的导热性能和凉感性能,其红外热成像温度比普通锦纶针织物高约1.8℃,表明该针织物具有更好的红外透过性能,降温效果更好。综合认为,该研究所得辐射降温锦纶针织物具有优异的辐射降温性能,可用于辐射降温纺织品的开发。