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Toluene Alkylation with Methanol to p-Xylene over Heteropoly Acids Supported by Clay 被引量:5
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作者 V.V.Bokade S.S.Deshpande +2 位作者 R.Patil S.Jain G.D.Yadav 《Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry》 EI CAS CSCD 2007年第1期42-45,共4页
The alkylation of toluene with methanol for the selective formation of p-xylene was systematically studied. Very few studies have been reported on the use of superacids such as heteropolyacids on cheap supports, such ... The alkylation of toluene with methanol for the selective formation of p-xylene was systematically studied. Very few studies have been reported on the use of superacids such as heteropolyacids on cheap supports, such as clay. This article deals with the use of different heteropoly acids (HPAs), viz, Dodeca-Tungstophosphoric acid [H3PO4.12WO3.xH2O] (TPA), Dodeca-Molyhdo phosphoric acid ammonium salt hydrate [H12Mo12N3O40P+aq] (DMAA), Dodeca-Molyhdo Phosphoric acid (PMA) on clay (MontmoriUonite, K-10) and as such plain clay. This comparative study reveals that 20%PMA/Clay shows 62% toluene conversion and 100% selectivity toward p-xylene. 展开更多
关键词 TOLUENE METHANOL P-XYLENE heteropoly acid CLAY
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Highly efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones catalyzed by heteropoly acids in water 被引量:6
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作者 YingXiao Zong Yan Zhao +3 位作者 WenCai Luo Xing Hai Yu Jun Ke Wang Yi Pan 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第7期778-781,共4页
Heteropoly acids efficiently catalyzed the cyclocondensation reaction of anthranilamide with aldehydes in water at ambient temperature and afforded the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones compounds in goo... Heteropoly acids efficiently catalyzed the cyclocondensation reaction of anthranilamide with aldehydes in water at ambient temperature and afforded the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones compounds in good to excellent yields.This method provides mild reaction conditions and clean reaction profiles,using a small quantity of catalyst and a simple workup procedure. 展开更多
关键词 heteropoly acid 2 3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones WATER
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CATIONIC RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN WITH KEGGIN-TYPE HETEROPOLYCOMPOUNDS AS SOLID ACID CATALYSTS 被引量:4
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作者 Ahmed Aouissi Salim Salem Al-Deyab Hassan Al-Shehri 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第3期305-310,共6页
Three Keggin-type heteropolyanions, namely H3PMo12O40-13H2O, (NH4)3PMo12O40·4H2O and H3PW12O40·13H2O were prepared and tested in the ring-opening polymerization reaction of tetrahydrofuran. The effects of ... Three Keggin-type heteropolyanions, namely H3PMo12O40-13H2O, (NH4)3PMo12O40·4H2O and H3PW12O40·13H2O were prepared and tested in the ring-opening polymerization reaction of tetrahydrofuran. The effects of the counter-cation (H+, NH4+) and the peripheral atoms (Mo, W) on the polymerization were investigated. It has been found that when the protons of H3PMo12O40·13H2O were replaced by the ammonium cations the polymerization rate decreased dramatically. Whereas, when the peripheral atoms (Mo) were replaced by their homologous (W), the polymerization rate increased twofold. As for the viscosity average molecular weight (My) of polymer products, it was found that the high molecular weight (7930) was obtained by using H3PW12O40·13H2O. The molecular weight (My) obtained by H3PMo12O40·13H2O and (NH4)H3PMo12O40·13H2O was 6470 and 6810, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 TETRAHYDROFURAN heteropoly compounds Ring opening polymerization Cyclic ether Solid acid
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Synthesis of d,l-α-Tocopherol Catalyzed by Heteropoly Acids 被引量:2
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作者 Dong QIAN Jia CUI +1 位作者 Yan Zhi TAN Kai Yi WANG(Department of Chemistry. Central South University of Technology. Changsha 410083) 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1999年第6期443-444,共2页
,d,l-a-Tocopherol (vitamin E) isfound to be synthesized by condensingtrimethylhydroquinone with isophytol catalyzed by heteropoly acids (HPA) H3:PW12O40 andH3PMo12O40 at room temperature. These HPA are efficient cata... ,d,l-a-Tocopherol (vitamin E) isfound to be synthesized by condensingtrimethylhydroquinone with isophytol catalyzed by heteropoly acids (HPA) H3:PW12O40 andH3PMo12O40 at room temperature. These HPA are efficient catalysts for the synthesis of d l-a-Tocopherol and can easily be separated from the reaction mixture and roused, 展开更多
关键词 d.l-α-Tocopherol heteropoly acids SYNTHESIS
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Hydroxylation of Benzene with Hydrogen Peroxide over Highly Efficient Molybdovanadophosphoric Heteropoly Acid Catalysts 被引量:8
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作者 张富民 郭麦平 +1 位作者 葛汉青 王军 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第6期895-898,共4页
Keggin 类型 molybdovanadophosphoric heteropoly 酸, H3+nPMo12-nVnO40 (n = 1 3 ) ,被一个新奇环境联盟者准备良性的方法,和他们的催化表演在冰川的醋酸和 acetonitrile 的混合溶剂作为氧化剂与氢过氧化物经由苯的 hydroxylation... Keggin 类型 molybdovanadophosphoric heteropoly 酸, H3+nPMo12-nVnO40 (n = 1 3 ) ,被一个新奇环境联盟者准备良性的方法,和他们的催化表演在冰川的醋酸和 acetonitrile 的混合溶剂作为氧化剂与氢过氧化物经由苯的 hydroxylation 被评估到酚。各种各样的反应参数例如反应时间,反应温度,到氢过氧化物的苯的比率,水的氢过氧化物的集中,到在溶剂和催化剂集中的 acetonitrile 的冰川的醋酸的比率,被改变获得最佳的反应条件。H3+nPMo12-nVnO40 (n = 1 3 ) 被揭示是为苯的 hydroxylation 的高度有效的催化剂。在 H5PMo12-nVnO40 的情况下,有 100% 的酚的选择的 34.5% 的苯的变换能以最佳的反应条件被获得。 展开更多
关键词 羟基化作用 杂多酸催化剂 苯酚 过氧化氢
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Synthesis, Characterization and Inhibition Effects of Vanadium Substituted Dawson-type Heteropoly Acids(Mo, P) 被引量:1
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作者 YIN Yan-bing YANG Yu-lil +2 位作者 FAN Rui-qing ZHU Yang-qing SUN Ji-ru 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第3期358-360,共3页
Four new vanadium substituted Dawson-type heteropoly acids H7[P2Mo17VO62]·39H2O(1), H8[P2Mo16V2O62]·41H2O(2), H9[P2Mo15V3O62]·51H2O(3) and H8[P2Mo14V4O62H2]·45H2O(4) were prepared respec-ti... Four new vanadium substituted Dawson-type heteropoly acids H7[P2Mo17VO62]·39H2O(1), H8[P2Mo16V2O62]·41H2O(2), H9[P2Mo15V3O62]·51H2O(3) and H8[P2Mo14V4O62H2]·45H2O(4) were prepared respec-tively. Their structures were determined by IR and ICP. The inhibition effects of vanadium substituted Dawson-type heteropoly acids(Mo, P) on free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) were investigated by dilatometry. The results show that the rate of the polymerization of MMA decreases and the inhibition effects of the four heteropoly acids reach the inhibitor performance of hydroquinone at a certain ratio. 展开更多
关键词 heteropoly acid INHIBITION Dilatometry
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Thermal Behaviour of Some New Polyoxometalate Complexes of Ciprofloxacin with Keggin-type Heteropoly Acids 被引量:1
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作者 WANGDun-jia FANGZheng-dong HANDe-yan 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第3期258-263,共6页
Four polyoxometalate complexes, (CPFX·HCl)_3H_4SiW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PMo_~12 O_~40 and (CPFX·HCl)_4H_4SiMo_~12 O_~40 , were prepared from ciprofloxacin hydroc... Four polyoxometalate complexes, (CPFX·HCl)_3H_4SiW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PMo_~12 O_~40 and (CPFX·HCl)_4H_4SiMo_~12 O_~40 , were prepared from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFX·HCl) reacting with H_nXM_~12 O_~40 ·nH_2O(X=P,Si; M=W,Mo) in an aqueous solution, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrometry and TG-DTA. The IR spectrum confirms the presence of Keggin-type anions of heteropoly acids and the characteristic functional groups of ciprofloxacin. The TG/DTA curves show that their thermal decomposition is a multi-step process including simultaneous collapse of the Keggin-type structure. At first, these compounds had a mass loss of water molecules, then several other mass losses occured due to the decomposition of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and its fragments with the degradation of Keggin anions. The end product of decomposition is the mixture of WO_3(or MoO_3) and SiO_2(or P_2O_5), identified by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The possible thermal decomposition mechanisms of these complexes are proposed. This study exemplified that the thermal stability of the complexes containing tungsten is much better than that of the complexes containing molybdenum. 展开更多
关键词 Thermal decomposition Polyoxometalate complexes Keggin-type heteropoly acids Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride TG/DTA
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Preparation and Conductivity of Triheteropoly Tungstozincoaluminic Acid
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作者 Qingyin Wu Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第4期221-223,共3页
The ternary undecatungstozincoaluminic heteropoly acid H-7[Al(H2O)ZnW11O39](.)12H(2)O was prepared by the ion exchanging-cooling method. The optimal proportion of solutions of the component elements and the pH of the ... The ternary undecatungstozincoaluminic heteropoly acid H-7[Al(H2O)ZnW11O39](.)12H(2)O was prepared by the ion exchanging-cooling method. The optimal proportion of solutions of the component elements and the pH of the synthesis reaction were given. The product was characterized by chemical analysis, potentiometric titration, IR, UV, XRD and TG-DTA. AC impedance measurement results show that its proton conductivity is 1.37x10(-4) S/cm at 18 degreesC. 展开更多
关键词 heteropoly acid tungstozincoaluminic acid protonic conductivity
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Synthesis and proton conductibility of ternary germanic heteropoly acids
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作者 SANGXiaoguang WUQingyin 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第4期296-299,共4页
The ternary germanic heteropoly acids H_5GeW_(11)O_(40) centre dot 22H_2O andH_5GeMo_(11)VO_(40) centre dot 24H_2O were synthesized for the first time by the stepwiseacidification and the stepwise addition of solution... The ternary germanic heteropoly acids H_5GeW_(11)O_(40) centre dot 22H_2O andH_5GeMo_(11)VO_(40) centre dot 24H_2O were synthesized for the first time by the stepwiseacidification and the stepwise addition of solution of the component elements. The products werecharacterized by ICP, IR, UV, XRD and TG-DTA. The proton conductibility and the activation energy ofproton conduction of the heteropoly acids were investigated. 展开更多
关键词 inorganic solid chemistry heteropoly acid SYNTHESIS Keggin structure GERMANIUM tungsten molybdenum VANADIUM conductivity activation energy
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Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Substituted Dawson-Type Heteropoly Acid (Mo, As)
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作者 张静 李娟 +3 位作者 余立琼 魏先印 刘丽萍 黄如丹 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2006年第3期336-339,共4页
Five novel vanadium substituted series of Dawson-type heteropoly acid H7 [As2Mo17VO62 ]·10H2O (1), H8 [ As2Mo16 V2O62 ]· 7H2O(2), Ha [ As2MO15 V3O62 ]·8H2O(3), H8 [ As2Mo14 V4O62 H2 ]·7H2O(... Five novel vanadium substituted series of Dawson-type heteropoly acid H7 [As2Mo17VO62 ]·10H2O (1), H8 [ As2Mo16 V2O62 ]· 7H2O(2), Ha [ As2MO15 V3O62 ]·8H2O(3), H8 [ As2Mo14 V4O62 H2 ]·7H2O( 4 ), H9[As2Mo13V5O62H2] ·10H2O(5) were prepared respectively in aqueous solution. When magnetic stirring and pH meter monitoring, all reactants mixed and controled different pH, then the mixture was refluxed for 10 h, later extracted by aether when it cooled, finally, it could be recrystaled by 0.5 % sulphuic acid solution, then yielded productions that we need. Compounds ( 1 ) - (5) were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction analysis, ^51V nuclear magnetic resonance (SIV NMR) structure analysis. The study indicates that these compounds possess Dawson structures, ^51V NMR spectra reveals that V atom is polar-site substituted indeed. 展开更多
关键词 heteropoly acid Dawson-type ^51V nuclear magnetic resonance (^51V NMR)
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HYDROXYLATION OF BENZENE BY HETEROPOLY ACIDS(SALTS)CONTAINING VANADIUM
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作者 Ru Dan HUANG Xin Hong LU Bao Jian ZHANG En Bo WANG Department of Chemistry,Northeast Normal Univeristy,Changchun 130024Jin Chang LI Jing SHI Centre of Test,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1993年第4期319-320,共2页
Direct hydroxylation of benzene catalyzed by vanadium-con- taining heteropoly compounds with Keggin or Dawson structure has been investigated.The effects of several factors upon the hydroxylation reaction have also be... Direct hydroxylation of benzene catalyzed by vanadium-con- taining heteropoly compounds with Keggin or Dawson structure has been investigated.The effects of several factors upon the hydroxylation reaction have also been examined.It is indicated that the highest yield of phenol reached 76%(based on H_2O_(?))with 99.4~100% selectivity. 展开更多
关键词 PH SALTS)CONTAINING VANADIUM HYDROXYLATION OF BENZENE BY heteropoly acidS
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One-Pot Process of Anthraquinone Synthesis in the Presence of Mo-V-P Heteropoly Acid Solutions as a Bifunctional Catalysts
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作者 Leonid Gogin Elena Zhizhina 《Modern Research in Catalysis》 2013年第3期90-92,共3页
Acid-catalytic 1,3-butadiene condensation with para-quinones followed by the obtained product oxidation may be performed in one stage as one-pot process, if assisted by the aqueous solutions of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids... Acid-catalytic 1,3-butadiene condensation with para-quinones followed by the obtained product oxidation may be performed in one stage as one-pot process, if assisted by the aqueous solutions of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids with a composition of HaPzMoyVxOb. 1,4-naphthoquinone condensation with 1,3-butadiene in the HPA solutions with no organic solvents yields 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) mixed with tetrahydro-AQ (THA) and dihydro-AQ (DHA). However, AQ yield and its purity may be considerably improved by using water-mixable organic solvents, e.g., acetone, 1,4-dioxane, as well as high vanadium content HPA such as H15P4Mo18V7O89 and H17P3Mo16V10O89. Process optimization provides 70% yield of reaction product containing no less than 90% AQ. 展开更多
关键词 9 10-Anthraquinone Mo-V-P heteropoly acids DIENE SYNTHESIS Organic Solvents
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One-Pot Production of Substituted Anthraquinones via the Diene Synthesis in the Presence of Mo-V-P Heteropoly Acid Solutions
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作者 Leonid Gogin Elena Zhizhina 《Modern Research in Catalysis》 2014年第2期575-61,共5页
Acid-catalytic 1,3-butadiene condensation with para-quinones followed by the obtained product oxidation may be performed in one stage as one-pot process, if assisted by the aqueous solutions of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids... Acid-catalytic 1,3-butadiene condensation with para-quinones followed by the obtained product oxidation may be performed in one stage as one-pot process, if assisted by the aqueous solutions of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids with a composition of HaPzMoyVxOb. 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) condensation with 1,3-butadiene in HPA solutions (brutto-composition H15P4Mo18V7O89 and H17P3Mo16V10O89) in the presence of hydrophylic organic solvents (acetone, 1,4-dioxane) provides 70% yield of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) containing no less than 90% AQ. In the same conditions reaction NQ with substituted 1,3-butadienes in the presence of the aqueous H17P3Mo16V10O89 (HPA-10) solution allows to prepare substituted AQ with yield up to 90% and purity up to 99%. The catalysts are regenerated by oxygen in separate stage and are reused. 展开更多
关键词 SUBSTITUTED 9 10-Anthraquinones DIENE Synthesis Mo-V-P heteropoly acids Bifunctional Catalysts
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SUIDIES ON SOME PROPERTIES AND CATALYSIS OF RARE EARTH HETEROPOLY ACIDS
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《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS 1986年第1期93-96,共4页
INTRODUCTIONThough potassium salts of rare earth substituted silicotungsticacids were synthesized early in 1971 by R.D.Peacock etc.,sofar the reports about the application of the corresponding acidshave not been found... INTRODUCTIONThough potassium salts of rare earth substituted silicotungsticacids were synthesized early in 1971 by R.D.Peacock etc.,sofar the reports about the application of the corresponding acidshave not been found.We prepared fourteen rare earth substitutedsilicotungstic acids and determined their thermal stability,IRabsorption Spectra and x-ray diffraction spectra.Furthermore,thecatalytic activities of the fourteen heteropoly acids in acid cata-lytic reaction were investigated.Our experimental results demonstrated rare earth substituted silico-tungstic acids have very high catalytic activity in the reaction of 展开更多
关键词 SUIDIES ON SOME PROPERTIES AND CATALYSIS OF RARE EARTH heteropoly acidS
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Trimethyl-1,4-Benzoquinone Synthesis via 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol Catalytic Oxidation by Oxygen in the Presence of Non-Keggin-Type Mo-V-Phosphoric Heteropoly Acid Solutions
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作者 Yulia Anatohevna Rodlkova Elena Georgievna Zhizhina 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2013年第9期808-820,共13页
关键词 钼钒磷杂多酸 三甲基苯酚 催化氧化 苯醌 合成 n型 均相催化剂 氧化还原电位
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杂多酸催化合成2-甲萘醌的研究
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作者 王妮妮 鄂永胜 +3 位作者 杨艺菲 眭元伟 张思博 王诗喻 《辽宁科技学院学报》 2024年第1期21-23,41,共4页
2-甲萘醌可应用于止血剂、饲料添加剂等,用途广泛。本实验以2-甲基萘为原料,30 wt.%过氧化氢水溶液为氧化剂,磷钨杂多酸作为催化剂,冰乙酸为溶剂,合成的2-甲萘醌最高收率为82.3%。考察了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度、氧化剂滴加... 2-甲萘醌可应用于止血剂、饲料添加剂等,用途广泛。本实验以2-甲基萘为原料,30 wt.%过氧化氢水溶液为氧化剂,磷钨杂多酸作为催化剂,冰乙酸为溶剂,合成的2-甲萘醌最高收率为82.3%。考察了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度、氧化剂滴加时间和反应时间对产品收率的影响,得到最佳的实验条件;同时对过氧化氢浓度、溶剂用量、重结晶溶剂的种类和用量、搅拌速度等其他影响产品纯度和收率的因素做了说明。红外光谱表征了产品结构。 展开更多
关键词 杂多酸 2-甲萘醌 合成
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Researches into the Proton Conductivity of Molybdovanadophosphoric Acids with Wells-Dawson Structure 被引量:1
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作者 WANG En-bo LI Bai-tao WANG Zuo-ping and ZHANG Bao-jian(Department of Chemistry,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024) 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1996年第4期322-325,共4页
Five kinds of molybdovanadophosphoric acids H_7[P_2Mo_(17)VO_(62)],H_8[P_2Mo_(16)·V_2O_(62)],H_9 [P_2Mo_(15)V_3O_(62)],H_8[P_2Mo_(14)V_4O_(61)(H_2O)]and H_9[P_2Mo_(13)V_5O_(61)(H_2O)]have been synthesized.Their p... Five kinds of molybdovanadophosphoric acids H_7[P_2Mo_(17)VO_(62)],H_8[P_2Mo_(16)·V_2O_(62)],H_9 [P_2Mo_(15)V_3O_(62)],H_8[P_2Mo_(14)V_4O_(61)(H_2O)]and H_9[P_2Mo_(13)V_5O_(61)(H_2O)]have been synthesized.Their protop conductivities(C) have been measured.The effects of three main factors (frequency,hydration numbers,temperature)on the conductivity have been investigated.In some degree,heteropoly compounds with different structures give a different conductivity. 展开更多
关键词 s:Proton conductivity heteropoly acid POLARIZATION Molyb dovanadophosphoric acid
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Organophosphonotungstic HPA of Keggin Type with Sulfo,Taurine and Glycine Substituted Ethylphosphonic Acids as the Coordinate Center
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作者 Xiang Kai FU Jing Rong CHEN +2 位作者 Long Qin LI Qiang WANG Yan SUI 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第5期515-518,共4页
The title compounds 2ac were synthesized and characterized for the first time. Their proton numbers are around 3.2±0.15 and are not in proportion with the valid acidity-basicity of the central phosphonic acids. ... The title compounds 2ac were synthesized and characterized for the first time. Their proton numbers are around 3.2±0.15 and are not in proportion with the valid acidity-basicity of the central phosphonic acids. The entirety of phosphonic acids 1a-c is as the coordinate center of heteropoly anions of 2ac. 展开更多
关键词 Sulfoethylphosphonic acid TAURINE GLYCINE substituted ethylphosphonic acid heteropoly acids organophosphonotungstic heteropoly acids Keggin type synthesis.
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A new route to the synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H_3PW_(12)O_(40))
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作者 A.Davoodnia M.Bakavoli +1 位作者 Gh.Barakouhi N.Tavakoli-Hoseini 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第12期1483-1486,共4页
Heteropoly acid H3PW12040 (PW) has been used as an effective catalyst for the synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as high yields, shor... Heteropoly acid H3PW12040 (PW) has been used as an effective catalyst for the synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as high yields, short reaction times, mild reaction condition and a recyclable catalyst with a very easy work up. 展开更多
关键词 Thieno[2 3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one heteropoly acid 12-Tungstophosphoric acid Orthoesters
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A Direct Liquid Fuel Cell with High Power Density Using Reduced Phosphotungstic Acid as Redox Fuel
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作者 Yiyang Liu Ting Feng +2 位作者 Shanfu Lu Haining Wang Yan Xiang 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第1期278-284,共7页
Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are proposed to address the problems of high cost and complex storage and transportation of hydrogen in traditional hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells.However,present fu... Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are proposed to address the problems of high cost and complex storage and transportation of hydrogen in traditional hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells.However,present fuels of organic small molecules used in DLFCs are restricted to problems of sluggish electrochemical kinetics and easily poisoning of precious metal catalysts.Herein,we demonstrate reduced phosphotungstic acid as a liquid fuel for DLFCs based on its advantages of high chemical and electrochemical stability,high electrochemical activity on common carbon material electrodes,and low permeability through proton exchange membranes.The application of phosphotungstic acid fuel effectively solves the problems of high cost of anode catalysts and serious fuel permeation loss in traditional DLFCs.A phosphotungstic acid fuel cell achieves a peak power density of466 mW cm^(-2)at a cell voltage of 0.42 V and good stability at current densities in the range from 20 to 200 mA cm^(-2). 展开更多
关键词 direct liquid fuel cell heteropoly acid phosphotungstic acid power density renewable fuel
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