Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

Sterilization of mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The sterilization of the simulated unearthed silk fabrics using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet（APPJ） system employing Ar/O2 or He/O2 plasma to inactivate the mycete attached on the silk fabrics is reported. The effects of the APPJ characteristics（particularly the gas type and discharge power） on the fabric strength, physical-chemical structures,and sterilizing efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that the Ar/O2 APPJ plasma can inactivate the mycete completely within 4.0 min under a discharge power of 50.0 W. Such an APPJ treatment had negligible impact on the mechanical strength of the fabric and the surface chemical characteristics. Moreover, the Ar ions, O and OH radicals were shown to play important roles on the sterilization of the mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics.

The Recognition of Silk Fabric Defects Based on Biorthogonal Wavelet Analysis and SOM Neural Network

A feasible approach for the recognition of silk fabric defects based on wavelet transform and SOM neural network is proposed in this paper, the indispensable processes of which are defect images denoising and enhancement, image edge detection, feature extraction and defects identification. Both geometrical and textmal feature parmnete~ are extracted from the edge image and the enhanced defect image, and utilize SOM neural network to recognize the common defects which silk fabrics have, including warplacking, weft-lacking, double weft, loom bars, oil-stains. Experimental resets show the advantages with high identification correctness and high inspection speed.

Graft Modification of N,N'-methylene- bisacrylamide onto Silk in the Presence of Air

The graft modification of N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (NNMBAA) onto silk using eerie ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and 2, 2-azobis (isobutyronitrile) as the initiators has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft modification of NNMBAA onto silk, the effect of different variables such as the initiator concentration, monomer concentration, acetic acid concentration, time of polymerization, reaction temperature and liquor ratio (fabric: liq.) have been studied. The optimum grafting conditions were found. As evidence of grafting, analyses of amino acid composition and alkali solubility have been carried out. Grafting caused changes in amino acid composition and alkali solubility of silk. The observation has been explained in relation to structural changes in the grafted silk.

The effect of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment on the dyeing properties of silk fabric

In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.

Applications of silk-based biomaterials in biomedicine and biotechnology

Silk-based biomaterials have gained significant importance making them a promising choice for the future of med-ical technology due to their versatility and biocompatibility.They can be fabricated and tailored through various processing methods such as electrospinning,freeze-drying,and 3D printing,to achieve specific properties and structures namely sponges,hydrogels,films,and scaffolds that can be utilized for different biomedical applica-tions.Biocompatibility,a unique property of silk-based biomaterials,has been demonstrated through both in vivo and in vitro studies and to date many studies have reported the successful use of these silk-based biomaterials in different fields of medicine.In this review,we have elaborately discussed different types of silk,their structural composition,and biophysical properties.Also,the current review focuses on highlighting various biomedical ap-plications of engineered and fabricated silk-based biomaterials which aid in the treatment of certain infections and diseases related to skin,eyes,teeth,bone,heart,nerves,and liver.Furthermore,we have consolidated the advancements of silk-based biomaterials in the different fields of biotechnology such as sensors,food coating and packaging,textiles,drug delivery,and cosmetics.However,the research in this field continues to expand and more significant observations must be generated with feasible results for their reliable use in different biomedical applications.

Natural Cocoons Enabling Flexible and Stable Fabric Lithium–Sulfur Full Batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries are highly appealing as highenergy power systems and hold great application prospects for flexible and wearable electronics.However,the easy formation of lithium dendrites,shuttle effect of dissolved polysulfides,random deposition of insulating lithium sulfides,and poor mechanical flexibility of both electrodes seriously restrict the utilization of lithium and stabilities of lithium and sulfur for practical applications.Herein,we present a cooperative strategy employing silk fibroin/sericin to stabilize flexible lithium–sulfur full batteries by simultaneously inhibiting lithium dendrites,adsorbing liquid polysulfides,and anchoring solid lithium sulfides.Benefiting from the abundant nitrogen-and oxygen-containing functional groups,the carbonized fibroin fabric serves as a lithiophilic fabric host for stabilizing the lithium anode,while the carbonized fibroin fabric and the extracted sericin are used as sulfiphilic hosts and adhesive binders,respectively,for stabilizing the sulfur cathode.Consequently,the assembled Li–S full battery provided a high areal capacity(5.6 mAh cm−2),limited lithium excess(90%),a high volumetric energy density(457.2 Wh L^(−1)),high-capacity retention(99.8%per cycle),and remarkable bending capability(6000 flexing cycles at a small radius of 5 mm).