Genetic Types and Metallogenic Model for the Polymetallic Copper–Gold Deposits in the Tongling Ore District, Anhui Province, Eastern China

The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.

Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Polymetallic Deposits as Exemp lified by the Laozuoshan Deposit, Heilongjiang, China

From the studies of ore deposit geologic settings, sulfur i so topes, lead isotopes, carbon isotopes and oxygen isotopes, fluid inclusions and petrochemistry in this paper, the authors have drawn a conclusion that the ore- forming hydrothermal solutions are the high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal s olutions for the gold ore deposit, and at the same time, the involvement of crus tal materials can not be ruled out. It is the first time that the authors have p roposed that the Laozuoshan gold-polymetallic ore deposit in Heilongjiang Prov ince was formed in the calc-alkaline series environment at the margin of an act ive continent.

Temporal and spatial distribution of Au-Ag polymetallic ore deposits and source of ore-forming materials in the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua mantle-branch metallogenetic zone

The Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua area is a mineral resource-concentrated area for gold-silver polymetallic ore deposits. The temporal and spatial distribution and origin of mineral resources have been argued for a long time. Based on the comprehensive studies of geochronology and sulfur, lead, oxygen, carbon and noble gas isotopes, it is considered that the temporal and spatial distribution of mineral resources in this area is obviously controlled by the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua mantle branch structure, as is reflected by the occurrence of gold deposits in the inner parts and of Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposits in the outer parts. The mineralization took place mainly during the Yanshanian period. Ore-forming materials came largely from the deep interior of the Earth, and hydrothermal fluids were derived predominantly from Yanshanian magmatism.

Isotope Tracing and Prospecting Assessment of Gold-Silver Deposits in Zhejiang Province

Three different types of gold and silver deposits in Zhejiang Province(Huangshan gold deposit, Zhilingtou gold-silver deposit and Haoshi silver deposit) showmarked differences in lead and strontium isotopic composition, suggesting three differentsources and geneses of these deposits. The Huangshan gold deposit features low initial Srisotope ratios and low μ values or low content of radiogenic Pb and its ore-forming materialscame primarily from the upper mantle; the Zhilingtou gold-silver deposit shows high initial Srisotope ratios and high μ values or high content of radiogenic Pb and the ore-forming materialswere derived mainly from the upper crust; and the Haoshi silver deposit has its Pb and Srisotope ratios between the above two cases with the ore-forming materials stemming from boththe mantle and the crust. The characteristic Pb isotopic composition may serve as an indicatorfor prospecting for different types of ore deposits.

Chronology and Geochemistry of the Berezitovoe Polymetallic Gold Deposit in Eastern Siberia, Russia and its Geological Significance

The Berezitovoe deposit is a large-sized Au-Ag-Zn-Pb deposit in the east of the SelengaStanovoi superterrane, Russia. Au-Ag orebodies are hosted by tourmaline-garnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks; Zn-Pb orebodies are hosted by granodiorites, porphyritic granites and tourmalinegarnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks. These orebodies are surrounded by wall rocks dominated by the Tukuringra Complex granodiorites, porphyritic granites, and gneissic granodiorites. The alteration includes silicification and garnet, sericitization chloritization, carbonatization and kaollinization. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the gold mineralization can be divided into two stages in the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit（at 363.5 ± 1.5 Ma, and133.4± 0.5）.Hornblende-plagioclase gneisses of the Mogocha Group in the study area underwent Paleoproterozoic metamorphism（at 1870 ± 7.8 and 2400 ± 13 Ma）, gneissic granodiorite of the Tukuringra Complex yields a late Paleozoic magmatic age（at 379.2 ± 1.1 Ma）,and subalkaline porphyritic granitoid of the Amudzhikan Complex yield late Mesozoic magmatic ages（133-139 and 150-163 Ma）. Granodiorites of the Tukuringra Complex in the study area have high concentrations of SiO_2（average of 60.9 wt%）, are aluminum-oversaturated（average A/CNK of 1.49）, are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements（e.g.,K, Rb, and Ba）, U, Th, and Pb, are depleted in high field strength elements（e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti）, and have slightly negative Eu and no Ce anomalies in chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams.Fluid inclusions from quartz veins include three types： aqueous two-phase, CO2-bearing three-phase,and pure CO2. Aqueous two-phase inclusions homogenize at 167℃-249℃ and have salinities of 4.32%-9.47% NaCl equivalent, densities of 0.86-0.95 g/cm^3, and formed at depths of 0.52-0.94 km. In comparison, the CO2-bearing three-phase inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 265℃-346℃,salinities of 7.14%-11.57% NaCl equivalent, and total densities of 0.62-0.67 g/cm^3. The geochemical and zircon U-Pb data and the regional tectonic evolution of the study area, show that the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit formed in an island arc or active continental margin setting, most probably related to late Paleozoic subduction of Okhotsk Ocean crust beneath the Siberian Plate.

Thermodynamic Modelling of Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Changkeng Gold-Silver Deposits in Guangdong Province

The Changkeng gold-silver deposits consist of a sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit and a replacement-type silver deposit. The mineralizations of gold and silver are zoned and closely related to the silicification of carbonate and clastic rocks, so that siliceous ores dominate in the deposit. The mineralizing temperature ranges mainly from 300 to 170℃, and K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- are the major ions in the ore-forming fluid. Calculations of distribution of metal complexes show that gold is mainly transported by hydrosulphide complexes, but chloride complexes of silver, iron, lead, and zinc, which are transformed into hydroxyl and hydrosulphide complexes under neutral to weak-alkaline circumstances in the late stage, predominate in the ore-forming solutions. Water-rock interaction is confirmed to be the effective mechanism for the formation of silver ores by computer modelling of reaction of hydrothermal solution with carbonate rocks. The solubility analyses demonstrate that the precipitation of gold and silver-bearing minerals taking place under weak-acid conditions and near-neutral to weak-alkaline conditions, respectively, is the main or favourable factor for the ore zonation and separation between gold and silver.

Metallogenic Epoch of Nonferrous Metallic and Silver Deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China and its Geological Significance

As China＇s most important gold-producing district, the Jiaodong Peninsula also contains copper, lead-zinc, molybdenum （tungsten）, and other nonferrous metal ore deposits, but the space-time and genetic relationships with gold deposits remain uncertain. To investigate the temporal relationship between these nonferrous metal and gold ore deposits, We collected the samples from a number of nonferrous metallic and silver deposits and metallogenetic rock bodies in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula for isotopic dating. The results show that the Re-Os isotopic model ages of the Lengjia molybdenum deposit in Rongcheng range from 114.5 ± 1.8 Ma to 112.6 ± 1.5 Ma, with an average age of 113.6 ± 1.6 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 33 zircons in the sericitization porphyritic monzogranite that hosts the Tongjiazhuang silver deposit in Rongcheng range between 122 Ma and 109 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.04 ± 0.95 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 31 zircons in the copper metallogenic pyroxene monzodiorite that hosts the Kuangbei copper deposit in Rongcheng range from 126 Ma to 106 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.6 ± 1.7 Ma; and the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 19 zircons in the pyroxene monzodiorite surrounding the Dadengge gold and multimetal deposit in Weihai range from 113 Ma to 110 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 111.7 ± 0.6 Ma. All these results indicate that the metallogenic ages of the silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula are in a limited range from 118 Ma to 111 Ma. Previous studies have demonstrated that the isotopic ages of gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula range from 123 Ma to 110 Ma, while Weideshanian magmatism occurred between 126 Ma to 108 Ma. Both these ranges are grossly consistent with the metallogenic ages of silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in this study, suggesting that the large-scale mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous when magmatic activities were strong. This epoch may be linked to the lithosphere thinning and the thermo-upwelling extension in eastern China at that time. In addition, field investigation also shows that gold and nonferrous metallic deposits are distributed nearby the Weideshanian granite, with the nonferrous metallic deposits lying within or surrounding the granite pluton and the gold deposits outside the granite pluton. We propose the following mineralization scenario： In the Early Cretaceous, an intensive lithospheric extension induced partial melting and degassing of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which resulted in the formation of mantle-derived fluids enriched in metal elements. During the rapid process of magma ascent and intrusion, crust-derived fluids were activated by the magmatic thermal dome and served to further extract ore-forming materials from the crust. These fluids may have mixed with the mantle-derived fluid to form a crust-mantle mixing-type ore-forming fluid. The high-temperature conditions in the center or in contact with the granitic magmatic thermal dome would have been favorable for the formation of porphyry-type, skarn-type, and hydrothermal-vein-type ores, thus forming a series of Mo（W）, Cu, and Pb-Zn deposits in the mid-eastern Jiaodong Peninsula. In contrast, the medium- to low-temperature conditions in the periphery of the magmatic thermal dome would have favored the deposition of gold （silver） ores under the appropriate physiochemical and structural conditions. The metaliogenic epoch of the molybdenum, copper, and silver deposits, and their spatio-temporal and genetic relations to the gold deposits, as demonstrated in this study, not only provide important insights to the study of regional metallogeny, our understanding of the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong type gold deposit, and the geodynamic background of the large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, but also have practical value in guiding the mineral exploration.

Ore-forming material sources of the Baiyangping Cu-Co-Ag polymetallic deposit in the Lanping Basin,western Yunnan Province

The ore-forming material sources of the Baiyangping copper-cobalt-silver polymetallic deposit have been studied in view of the S, Pb, C, O and H isotopic characteristics and the ratio of Co/Ni of cobaltite. The results showed that sulfur in metallic sulfides may have come from a mixed sulfur-source consisting of the sulfur-source from metamorphic rocks in the basin basement with basic volcanic rocks and the sulfur-source from basin sulfates; lead in the ores was provided by the sedimentary rocks and basement rocks; CO2 in ore-forming fluids was derived from thermolysis of altered and normal marine facies carbonates and decarboxylation of sedimentary organic matter respectively; the ore-forming fluids belong to the SO4-Cl-Na-Ca-type basin thermal brines derived from paleo-meteoric waters; cobalt in the deposit may also be derived from the metamorphic rocks in the basin basement with basic volcanic rocks.

Geotectonic Settings of Large and Superlarge Mineral Deposits on the Southwestern Margin of the North China Plate

The geotectonic setting refers to the three-dimensional space and relatedevents based on which a metallogenic system is formed and an ore-forming process takes place. Thispaper discusses the tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of the North China paleocontinentand related geotectonic settings in which large or superlarge deposits are formed. Emphasis is puton the geodynamic conditions of the Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit, the Baiyin copper-polymetallicdeposit and the Hanshan gold deposit. It is significant that the three deposits occur together as a'trinity' on the same paleocontinental margin. The Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit was formed duringthe early stage of rifting of the paleocontinental margin; the Baiyin copper-polymetallic depositwas formed during the splitting stage of a continental-margin arc. The continental-margin arcspitting resulted in an 'island arc rift' in the early stage of evolution. The Hanshan gold depositwas formed within the Altun sinistral strike-slip fault system and its provenance is the'intraoceanic arc' volcanic rocks.

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Variscan Granites of the Daitongshan Copper Deposit and Lamahanshan Polymetallic-Silver Deposit, Southern Daxing'anling, China

Daxing＇anling （大兴安岭） area is one of the regions that Phanerozoic granites are extremely developed in NW China. At present, the Hercynian granitoid research lags behind the Mesozoic granitoid research. In this article, we have taken systematic petrochemistry and geochronology researches on the Hercynian granitoids in Daitongshan （代铜山） copper deposit and Lamahanshan （喇嘛罕山） silver poly- metallic deposit, which were located at southern section of Daxing＇anling metallogenic belt. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating results show that, the granite aplites in Daitongshan and the gneissic granites inLamahanshan were formed at （265±5）-（268±9） Ma and （252±2）-（252.6±3.4） Ma, respectively, which were both the products of late Herynian tectonic-magmatic events. Samples from Lama- hanshan are characterized by high SiO2 （69.72 wt.%-74.65 wt.%）, high potassium （3.53 wt.%-4.55 wt.%） and low P205 （0.03 wt.%0.12 wt.%）, aluminum saturation index （A/CNK） range from 0.95 to 0.98, Rb, Nd and K are en- riched, whereas the elements such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti are depleted, which belong to I-type grani- toids. Characteristics of samples from Daitong- shan are similar to H-type granitoids. The magmasource may be mostly originated from the lithospheric mantle component which were transformated or affected by the subduction components, and its formation may be closely related with the subduction and orogenesis of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.

Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Xikeng Ag-Pb-Zn Ore Deposit, South Anhui, China

In this paper, a comparative study is done on the geochemical charateristics of REE in ore, ore-hosted rocks of Lantian group, granite related to ore deposit, and altered rocks for tracing origin of ore-forming materials. The result indicates that the ore-forming fluid and ore-forming materials for Xikeng silver-polymetallic ore deposit were derived from Yixian granite's magmatic activity. Water-rock reaction of the hydrothermal fluid with the carbonate-rich stratum led the altered rock to relatively enrich in HREE.

内蒙古敖汉地区中生代花岗质岩浆活动与金钼多金属成矿作用

内蒙古敖汉地区处于华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的过渡区,是华北地台北缘一个重要的金钼多金属矿化集中区,近年来找矿成果丰硕。在对撰山子和金厂沟梁大型金矿、白土营子大型钨钼多金属矿以及近年新发现的八家大型锌银铅矿和腾克力钼矿的地质地球化学特征系统分析的基础上,文章探讨了矿床成因与区域构造岩浆演化,提出了本区金钼多金属成矿潜力与找矿方向。结果显示,敖汉地区金钼多金属成矿与印支期、燕山期花岗质岩浆侵位密切相关,成矿主要发生于三叠纪和晚侏罗世—早白垩世,具有多期多阶段性特征。印支期和燕山期成矿岩体总体均属于准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,表现为轻稀土富集的右倾配分特征,大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损,分别形成于古亚洲洋和古太平洋构造域影响下的伸展背景。金矿床成因类型主要为岩浆热液脉型,钼矿床成因类型主要为斑岩型,受构造-岩浆岩联合控制,印支期和燕山期中酸性岩浆岩及北西向-近南北向断裂是重要的找矿标志。撰山子金矿具有良好的斑岩-矽卡岩型金铜矿床找矿前景,金厂沟梁和撰山子金矿区及外围具有寻找浅成低温热液型金多金属矿床的潜力。借鉴白土营子钨钼多金属矿田和八家锌银铅矿床的找矿经验,应注重综合利用地质、地化、物探等手段在覆盖区寻找钨铅锌银多金属矿床。

海南岛富文金银多金属矿床成矿流体演化:来自流体包裹体和H-O同位素证据

富文金银多金属矿床位于海南岛雷鸣盆地,为中型高硫化物含金石英脉型金矿床。主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿及少量黄铜矿;非金属矿物主要为石英、碳酸盐矿物。金的赋存状态主要以含金矿物形式出现,分布于石英、黄铁矿、毒砂裂隙和被包裹在闪锌矿中。该矿床成矿过程可分为早、中、晚3个阶段,其中,中阶段为主成矿阶段,金主要在中阶段沉淀。早阶段流体包裹体为纯CO_(2)型、富CO_(2)型和少量富液相水溶液包裹体,中阶段为纯CO_(2)型、富CO_(2)型、富液相水溶液型和含子矿物多相包裹体,晚阶段为富液相水溶液包裹体。从早阶段到晚阶段,包裹体均一温度峰值分别为320~330℃、205~225℃和130~140℃,盐度峰值分别为3.50%~5.00%NaCl_(eqv)、2.80%~3.50%NaCl_(eqv)和2.25%~3.00%NaCl_(eqv),指示成矿流体以中温、低盐度为特征。包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析表明,富文矿床的流体包裹体成分以H_(2)O为主,富含CO_(2),并含有少量硫化物。主成矿阶段石英中流体包裹体的δD值为−53.9‰~−45.4‰,δ^(18)OH_(2)O值为1.5‰~7.5‰,反映成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水两种来源。进一步利用纯CO_(2)包裹体和纯H_(2)O包裹体等容线相交法,估算主成矿阶段的成矿温度为245~315℃,成矿压力为64~130 MPa。综合研究表明,富文矿床是与侵入岩有关的高硫化物金银多金属矿床,其主成矿阶段发生的流体沸腾和不混溶是金沉淀的主要机制。

福建吉花金银矿床地质特征及含矿蚀变带元素迁移对区域成矿的启示

吉花金银矿床为中型浅成中低温热液型矿床,共圈定36个金银矿体,均赋存于北东向断裂蚀变带中。银物相分析表明,银以硫化物银、自然银为主,银、金总体上同体共生,且二者品位具有正相关性。主成矿阶段矿物组合以石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-金-辉银矿为特征。沿矿体横向(侧向)划分为4个蚀变分带。为了厘定热液蚀变过程中的物质迁移,对蚀变碎裂岩采用标准化Isocon图解法计算物质迁移特征,结果表明,蚀变过程中Fe、Si、Mg、Ti、Cu、As、Mo、Co、Cr、La、Li、Ni、V呈迁入特征;Na、Ca、Ba、Sr、Nb呈迁出特征,其中Ca、Ba、Sr的迁出表明成矿热液具有富硅、去钙化的特征。通过类比区域内邱村金矿床、东洋金矿床、大冬坑金矿床,四者均为闽中金银成矿系统形成的矿床系列,可能是在古太平洋板块俯冲、后撤动力背景下,含矿流体沿火山机构及酸性岩脉通道运移至到浅部断裂中沉淀成矿的区域成矿模式。该成果可为区域内寻找金银矿提供思路。

东天山维权银铜多金属矿控矿因素及成因分析

维权银铜多金属矿床位于新疆东天山地区,是具有典型特征的大型银铜多金属矿,大地构造划属觉罗塔格沟弧带中的雅满苏岛弧带。该矿床的地质特征、控矿因素、矿床成因长期存在争议。本次研究建立在多年野外地质勘查的基础上,对矿床的地质特征、控矿因素、矿床成因等进行了系统研究,认为银铜、铅锌矿体均分布于火山碎屑岩中,受地层控制的铅锌矿体被断裂构造控制的银铜矿体所切穿;铅锌矿成矿严格受地层层位控制,主要的蚀变类型为矽卡岩化,为接触交代成因类型,成矿时代为早石炭世晚期;银铜矿体形成于晚石炭世中晚期,矿体就位空间为断裂构造,矿体形态明显受断裂形态和性质所控制,有着明显的矿化边界,即断层面,认为其属岩浆期后远程中低温热液成因,成矿晚于铅锌成矿。

安徽省池州抛刀岭金矿床金的赋存状态及成因研究

抛刀岭金矿床位于长江中下游成矿带的安庆—贵池矿集区,该矿床矿体主要赋存于蚀变的英安玢岩岩体中。文章对该矿床岩石样品岩相学采用电子探针、激光剥蚀多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪等测试分析。结果表明:抛刀岭金矿床的矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、闪锌矿和毒砂等;脉石矿物主要为石英、方解石及黏土矿物;主要载金矿物为黄铁矿,其次为毒砂;Au主要以银金矿的形式存在上述矿物中。载金黄铁矿微量元素结果分析显示,Au与As、Cu、Pb、Zn等质量分数呈正相关,与Fe、S质量分数呈负相关,黄铁矿晶格中As的存在有利于Au代替Fe进入晶格中,使得Au在黄铁矿裂隙中沉淀。电子探针分析金的赋存状态显示,抛刀岭金矿床金主要以晶格金的形式存在于黄铁矿中,部分以银金矿的形式存在于黄铁矿和毒砂的裂隙中。矿床硫化物中的硫主要来源于岩浆,同时有少量的地层物质参与。混染成矿流体主要为来源于岩浆的出溶流体。

云南思茅银子山金多金属矿床成矿流体特征及演化

为探讨云南思茅银子山金多金属矿床金的迁移和沉淀机制,对该矿床开展了流体包裹体岩相学和热力学研究。结果表明,银子山金多金属矿床成矿期主要发育气液两相流体包裹体(LV类)、含子矿物多相流体包裹体(LD类)和单相包裹体(L/V类);成矿流体为中-低温(140~330℃)、中低盐度(3.23%~8.41%NaCleqv)的H2O-NaCl的流体体系,其捕获深度为0.4~1.2 km;成矿流体的温度、盐度、压力等从成矿早期到晚期均呈逐渐降低的特征。矿床蚀变矿物组合及成矿流体性质表明,银子山金多金属矿床为一典型的浅成低温热液型矿床,Au主要以Au(HS)_(2)^(–)形式迁移,在成矿流体运移过程中,由于流体-围岩反应以及大气水的混合导致Au沉淀并富集成矿。

北山成矿带老硐沟金多金属矿床S-Pb-C-O同位素特征及其对矿床成因的约束

老硐沟金多金属矿床是北山成矿带内蒙古段最为典型的金矿床之一,其矿床成因存在较多争议,矿床成矿物质来源方面的研究几近空白。文章基于详细的野外实地调查,选取不同成矿阶段的硫化物和方解石,开展原位S-Pb同位素和C-O同位素测试。研究结果表明,老硐沟金多金属矿床δ34S值为-0.56‰~5.54‰,^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb比值为18.326~18.390,207Pb/^(204)Pb比值为15.563~15.645,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb比值为38.226~38.390,铅同位素μ值变化范围为9.40~9.55,ω值变化范围为35.77~36.85,方铅矿二阶段模式年龄为232~270 Ma,δ^(13)C值介于-0.04‰~2.93‰之间,表明老硐沟金多金属矿床成矿物质具有岩浆和地层混合来源性质,成矿流体以岩浆来源为主,成矿作用晚期流体中混入了地层变质水。文章从矿床稳定同位素研究方面,结合前人对北山造山带构造演化的认识,提出老硐沟金多金属矿床成因为岩浆热液型。

几种重要热液矿床成矿的岩浆作用贡献探讨

本文运用地球科学相关基础学科的基本理论知识,结合地质工作实践认识和矿床地质特征分析,对几种重要热液矿床成矿的岩浆作用贡献进行分析探讨,提出了新的认识。研究结果认为:(1)地下水是通过补给和排泄交替循环的,因此,通过简单的地下水的循环逐步转化为含矿热液成矿是难以实现的,地下水层控热液矿床成矿流体往往是经历了深部岩浆房驱动的热水循环。(2)地下卤水不是形成内生多金属矿床的矿源体,其本身不具有形成多金属矿床的成矿物质条件,产于板缘地热异常带内的热卤水中的多金属元素,是板块活动引起的强烈的岩浆-火山活动所提供,卤水起到了活化、富集和搬运金属元素的作用。(3)MVT铅锌矿床和卡林型金矿床的矿床特征本身说明它们的成矿与岩浆热液有成因关系。(4)根据变质作用和变质岩的定义,所有的变化是在固态条件下进行的,变质作用和变质岩难以形成变质热液矿床,其成因类型可归为岩浆热液矿床。(5)韧性剪切带是岩浆热力作用和构造应力作用下的塑性变形,成矿是岩浆热液在后期脆性断裂中充填交代而成。对矿床成因的正确认识,可有效的指导找矿勘查工作。岩浆成矿作用是最广泛、最强烈的成矿作用之一。

东昆仑库德尔特金多金属矿床闪长玢岩年龄、地球化学特征及形成环境

为厘定卡尔却卡矿田内的库德尔特金多金属矿床金矿成矿时代及其形成构造环境,对闪长玢岩进行了锆石U-Pb同位素测年和全岩地球化学研究。结果表明,闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为232.6±1.0 Ma(MSWD=0.17),略晚于赋存金矿的花岗闪长岩年龄(244~234.1 Ma)和金矿化绢云母Ar-Ar坪年龄(236.7±4.0 Ma),限定金成矿上限年龄不晚于233 Ma。闪长玢岩SiO_(2)含量为54.96%~55.57%,富Al(Al_(2)O_(3)含量为17.94%~18.07%),高Sr(455×10^(−6)~505×10^(−6)),低Y(19.2×10^(−6)~26.4×10^(−6))和Yb(2.18×10^(−6)~2.95×10^(−6)),A/CNK值为0.87~0.89,属高钾钙碱性准铝质系列。岩石轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显,轻稀土元素富集,LREE/HREE值为6.24~8.69,(La/Yb)N值为7.25~10.36,Eu中等亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等),具有较高Sr/Yb值(154.24~216.74)、Sr/Y值(17.23~24.27)、Nb/Ta值(17.79~20.05)和Mg#值(49.35~50.18),Rb/Sr值(0.27~0.36)介于0.05~0.5之间。综合区域地质背景与成矿特点认为,闪长玢岩形成于俯冲-碰撞转换构造阶段幔源岩浆底侵中元古代下地壳的局部熔融,中晚三叠世俯冲-碰撞转换时期,东昆仑地区受俯冲板片断离影响处于伸展环境,与典型挤压造山带具有明显差异,强烈壳-幔相互作用促进了区内矿床的集中产出。