Constraints of C-O-Sr Isotope and Elemental Geochemistry on Carbonate Sedimentary System Paleoenvironments of the Middle Jurassic Hepingxiang Formation,Western Simao Basin

Western Yunnan is an important area for Mesozoic marine strata,development of which helps to reconstruct paleoenvironments in the eastern Tethys.To bring knowledge of eastern Tethys up to that of western Tethys,this study focuses on its sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance concentrating on the Xiushan section of the Simao Basin with analyses of the petrology,element geochemistry,and C-O-Sr isotopes.Samples are micrite,bioclastic limestone,marl,and mixed calcareous clastic rocks with the 87Sr/86Sr values of limestone ranging from 0.708255 to 0.708933;theδ^(13)C values of the limestone range from−5‰to+1.5‰and theδ^(18)O values range from−13.7‰to−9.1‰.Based on the results,it is concluded that the Middle Jurassic limestones in the Simao Basin were deposited in a tidal flat environment with a strong influence of terrigenous input.At least one transgression event occurred during the depositional period.The paleoclimate as a whole changed from dry hot to humid hot and back to dry hot again.These enriched and improved results provide further data support for a comparison of the paleoenvironments between the eastern and western Tethys.

A Cretaceous Desert-Playa Sedimentary System Controlled the Potash Formation in the Simao Basin

Objective The Simao Basin in Yunnan Province has developed Cretaceous evaporite-bearing clastic deposits, including the Mangang and Mengyejing Formations which were originally interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The Mangang Fm. composed of well-rounded quartz sandstones, were commonly considered as the bottom part of the Mengyejing salt series. Dttring last decades,

Crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios beneath the Chuxiong-Simao Basin in the Southeast Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

In the Southeast Margin of the Tibetan Plateau, low-velocity sedimentary layers that would significantly affect the accuracy of the H-κ stacking of receiver functions are widely distributed.In this study, we use teleseismic waveform data of 475 events from 97 temporary broadband seismometers deployed by ChinArray Phase I to obtain crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios within the Chuxiong-Simao Basin and adjacent area, employing an improved method in which the receiver functions are processed through a resonance-removal filter, and the H-κ stacking is time-corrected.Results show that the crustal thickness ranges from 30 to 55 km in the study area, reaching its thickest value in the northwest and thinning toward southwest, southeast and northeast.The apparent variation of crustal thickness around the Red River Fault supports the view of southeastern escape of the Tibetan Plateau.Relatively thin crustal thickness in the zone between Chuxiong City and the Red River Fault indicates possible uplift of mantle in this area.The positive correlation between crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio is likely to be related to lower crust thickening.Comparison of results obtained from different methods shows that the improved method used in our study can effectively remove the reverberation effect of sedimentary layers.

On Geodynamic Evolution of Simao Region (Southwestern Yunnan, China) during Late Paleozoic and Triassic

Over the last years, the Simao region, southwestern Yunnan, China, turned out to be a very promising target to elucidate plate tectonic processes around the Permian Triassic boundary within the Tethyan domain of Asia. New data from this area reveal that Upper Paleozoic compressional deformations occurred along the Lancangjiang and in areas to the east. Along Lancangjiang, an angular unconformity is exposed, which separates quartz phyllites—formed during a Carboniferous tectono metamorphic event—from Triassic red beds to roofing rhyolites. The acidic volcanics were often said to be remnants of a volcanic arc that was active during the Triassic subduction and closure of an oceanic realm along the Lancangjiang zone. According to our new data, however, these volcanics indicate most probably an Upper Triassic stage of rifting. In the Yunxian anticline (NW of Simao), an angular unconformity of intra Permian age is exposed where Carboniferous to lower Middle Permian strata, which were deposited in a rather deep basin, are unconformably overlain by a shallow marine sequence of upper Middle to Upper Permian sediments. The angular unconformity is of the same age as the syn orogenous sediments first described and dated from the Phetchabun region in Thailand and hence a convincing argument for a Late Variscan orogeny forming an extensive zone of mountain building that can be traced through the central parts of mainland Southeast Asia.

Provenance and Paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous Mengyejing Formation,Simao Basin,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Mengyejing potash salt deposit(MPSD)is the only pre-Quaternary potash salt deposit in China.The MPSD is located in the southern Simao Basin,southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The MPSD,along with rock salts and clastic rocks,

New Sr Isotope Evidence to Support the Material Source of the Mengyejing Potash Deposit in the Simao Basin from Ancient Marine Halite or Residual Sea

Objective The Mengyejing potash deposit in the Simao Basin is the only producing area of solid potash at present in China. There is still controversy about the material source and distribution of the potash in this deposit （Shen Lijian et al., 2017）, which has influenced not only the prospecting direction and efficiency but also the understanding of the control of Tethys tectonic evolution on the formation and distribution of the mineral resources. This work analyzed the Sr isotope geochemical characteristics of evaporites from core samples in the well MZK-3 in order to further clarify the material source and to explore the potash distribution in the Simao Basin.

Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Spring Waters in the Changdu-Lanping-Simao Basin, Southwestern China

Chemical and isotopic data were measured for 51 leached brine springs in the Changdu-Lanping-Simao Basin(CD-LP-SM),China.The predominance of Cl and Na,saturation indices of carbonate minerals,and Na/Cl and Ca/SO4 ratios of^1 suggest that halite,sulphate,and carbonate are the solute sources.Integration of geochemical,δ18 O,andδD values suggests that springs are mainly derived from meteoric water,ice-snow melt,and water-rock interactions.B concentrations range from 0.18 to 11.9 mg/L,withδ11 B values of-4.37‰to+32.39‰,indicating a terrestrial source.Theδ11 B-B relationships suggest B sources of crustal origin(marine carbonates with minor crust-derived volcanics);we did not identify a marine or deep mantle origin.Theδ11 B values of saline springs(+4.61‰to+32.39‰)exceed those of hot(-4.37‰to+4.53‰)and cold(-3.47‰to+14.84‰)springs;this has contributed to strong water-rock interactions and strong saturation of dissolved carbonates.Conversely,the global geothermalδ11 B-Cl/B relationship suggests mixing of marine and non-marine sources.Theδ11 B-Cl/B relationships of the CD-LP-SM are similar to those of the Tibet geothermal belt and the Nangqen Basin,indicating the same B origin.These differ from thermal waters controlled by magmatic fluids and seawater,suggesting that B in CD-LP-SM springs has a crustal origin.

Fault Zone Fluid Deep-penetrating Techniques for Potash Deposit Prediction in Lanping-Simao Basin,Yunnan,South China

In China,the strategic resource potash is suffering from severe shortages,and the ancient marine solid potash locating is still a problem of long impregnability.Till now,only the Mengyejing Potash Deposit was found

The Electrical Conductivity Structure of the Lanping–Simao Basin and its Implications for Mineralization

Objective The Lanping-Simao Basin in western Yunnan, located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is tectonically in the transition zone between the Gondwana and Eurasia tectonic domains. It is also the frontier zone of northeastern extrusion of the Indochina Plate towards the Eurasia Plate as well as the escape zone for the deep material. The middle axial tectonic zone, also known as the Lanping-Simao Fault （LSF） in previous study, is a giant intraplate tectonic belt composed of a series of narrow uplift belt, rupture depression zone, metamorphic belt, alteration belt and marginal fracture system, which were formed by the compressional uplift of the central depression of the Lanping-Simao Basin. This tectonic unit controls the geological evolution, seismic activity, hot spring distribution and ore formation of the LanpingSimao Basin since the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

Clay Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Detrital Rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Salt-bearing Strata,Simao Basin,SW China:Implication for Provenance and Source Weathering

1 Introduction Geological studies established on several sections in Lanping-Simao basin have shown that the salt-bearing strata of Mengyejing formation(Yunlong Fm.in Lanping basin)are constituted by an alternation of salt layers and interbedded facies.The latter consists mainly of mudstones,and mudstone-rich conglomerate.The mineralogy and geochemistry of salt-bearing beds and

Au(Cu)Ore-Fluid Dynamics in Bordering OrogenicBelt of Simao-Nanping Basin, Yunnan Province

The paleohydrogeologic condition and the tectonic stress field during the mineralization epoch of the Au (Cu) ore fluid in the bordering orogenic belt of Simao-Nanping basin reveal that the complicated paleohydrodynamic condition during the Devonian-Carboniferous period in the northern Ailao-shan was favorable for the pre-enrichment of the mineral elements, and that the migration and the distribution of the groundwater were controlled by the tectonic stress field and driven by temperature and hydraulic gradients during the Yanshan-Himalayan movement epoch. Therefore, the determination of the low-pressure zone of the maximum principal stress is effective for the location of the Au deposits (ore spots).

TECTONIC SETTING OF ORGANIC MINERALIZATION IN THE LANPING-SIMAO BASIN,WESTERN YUNNAN, SW CHINA

The Tertiary is the main mineralization period in the Lanping-Simao Basin.The deposits are rich in organic matter and the organie matter takes part in the metal and nonmetal mineralization process. The organic mineralization is controlled by the tectonic setting.Different tectonic setting results in different mineralization and type of organic matters.

New insights on the age of the Mengyejing Formation in the Simao Basin,SE Tethyan domain and its geological implications

Knowledge on the origin and mechanism of the large potash formation in the southeast Tethyan tectonic domain are still under debate,one of which mainly due to the controversial ages of the potash-bearing strata.Here we present a detailed detrital zircon U-Pb geochronologic-magnetostratigraphic study of the potash-bearing Mengyejing(MYJ)Formation(Fm)from the Simao Basin.948 paleomagnetic cores and 4 detrital zircon U-Pb samples were collected from a 932-m thick Jiangcheng section.Thermal demagnetization isolated 857 primary characteristic remnant magnetization(ChRM)directions,indicated by positive reversals and fold tests and petrologic examinations.Seven normal and seven reversed polarity zones were identified and correlated well with chrons C27r to C34n of the geomagnetic polarity timescale(GPTS2012),yielding the first known age sequence of>112 to~63 Ma for the MYJ Fm.The ages for the potash bearing strata in the Simao commenced~20 Ma earlier than those in the adjacent Khorat basins,opposite to the traditional viewpoint that the former would rather correspond to the middle and lower parts of the latter.Given the paleogeographic reconstruction of likely a pan-Simao-Khorat basin during the Cretaceous,~85 Ma would be another important potential period for future potash exploration in the Simao Basin.

三维地震和重力在思茅盆地固体钾盐勘探中的应用

钾盐是中国紧缺的战略性矿产资源,思茅盆地是实现国内固体钾盐找矿突破最现实的区域之一。然而,复杂的构造条件及岩盐特殊的理化性质制约了找矿突破。为探索有效的找矿方法,笔者首次将三维地震应用到钾盐找矿实践中,同时开展了重力等其他地球物理方法综合勘查,研究结果表明:(1)三维地震数据处理需重点关注低频面波的压制;(2)三维地震属性中的瞬时振幅、道积分、Prg*CIP在识别2000 m以深的盐体边界方面有独特的优势,据此预测顶面埋深1700~2800 m、面积为4.28 km^(2)的盐体已被MK-3井钻探证实;(3)在山区应用地震探测钾盐尚处于探索阶段,数据采集、处理、解释方面还需要不断积累资料和经验;(4)重力探测钾盐的理论基础可靠,浅层盐体赋存区全部存在重力负异常;(5)第四系、新近系等与盐体密度相近的地质体、地层形态变化或断层也可引起重力负异常,此时须进一步结合其他地球物理手段和地质规律方可判断负异常区内的含矿性。三维地震和重力是以往思茅盆地内钾盐找矿实践中应用效果较好的两种物探手段,由于地球物理资料的多解性以及不同技术手段成本的差异性,在今后的找矿实践中可综合基础地质、矿床地质、探测效果及效率、经济性等因素使用。

思茅区国有林场森林可持续经营试点模式及技术措施探讨

通过对普洱市思茅区国有林场资源状况分析,重点剖析森林经营制约的因素,并针对制约因素提出思茅区国有林场森林经营试点模式及技术措施,对普洱市森林经营提供可借鉴的经营模式和技术措施,具有示范推广作用。

普洱市思茅区森林生物量分层抽样调查设计分析

生物量的准确评估对于林业资源管理与碳汇评估具有重要意义。以云南省思茅区为例,运用地统计学方法分析了该区生物量的空间分布特征,并比较了不同插值与抽样方法对生物量评估的影响。结果表明:思茅区生物量具有轻微的正空间自相关性,但空间异质性较强;普通克里金法的插值效果更好;与系统抽样相比,各种分层抽样方法可以显著提高抽样精度,其中以考虑优势树种的分层抽样效果最佳。指出了对具有空间异质性的生物量开展分层抽样,可以获得比传统方法更高的评估精度,合理选择分层变量对提高抽样精度至关重要。

滇西兰坪-思茅地区三叠纪-古近纪地史概要

基于系统搜集资料及野外调研,兰坪-思茅地区三叠纪-古近纪地质发展史划分4个阶段。早三叠世-中三叠世与澜沧江洋向东俯冲消减有关,构造单元为云县-景洪火山弧、大朝山-龙潭前陆盆地、云龙-勐腊拗陷盆地、燕门-维登火山弧;中三叠世末期印支运动,澜沧江洋盆消亡并发生碰撞造山,晚三叠世云县-景洪火山弧、燕门-维登火山弧可能上升为陆,大朝山-龙潭前陆盆地和云龙-勐腊拗陷盆地接受沉积;早侏罗世开始兰坪-思茅沉积盆地形成,中侏罗世盆地范围最大,晚侏罗世盆地萎缩,白垩纪沉积环境转化为湖泊-河流相;晚白垩世末期燕山运动使盆地消亡,并伴随剧烈的岩浆活动和区域变质相;古新世-始新世早期由膏盐岩层(石膏、石盐、钾盐)→陆源碎屑岩层(泥岩及少量粉砂岩、砂岩)3个沉积旋回组成;始新世晚期-渐新世为河流、湖泊沉积;喜马拉雅运动2个构造幕使沉积盆地2次消亡。

思茅关贸易研究

思茅关于1897年为法国强迫清政府设立,并侵夺其人事行政权,无端欺压商民,对云南经济造成了严重损害。本关主要进出口棉花、茶叶等商品,后因交通、政局等多重因素影响不得不关闭。思茅关的历史也是近代海关历程的真实写照。

云南南部思茅盆地盐泉的水化学特征

明确盐泉的水化学特征是评估地下水质量和了解区域地下水-岩石相互作用的关键因素之一。本研究以云南南部思茅盆地19个盐泉的元素组成为研究对象,结合R语言、SPSS等相关软件对前人在云南思茅盆地所做的工作进行深入的数据挖掘分析。不仅可以为优化地下水资源的开发利用提供科学依据,还有助于揭示该地区水文地质背景和水文循环的复杂性,为该地区水资源的可持续发展和资源管理提供更为精细的科学支持与参考。

思茅盆地页岩气地质条件及资源潜力分析

根据野外调查及样品测试,从富有机质页岩的地化特征、物性特征及保存条件等分析了思茅盆地页岩气地质条件。研究表明:思茅盆地发育下密地组、羊八寨组、挖鲁八组及和平乡组四套暗色页岩;其中,羊八寨组页岩累计厚度普遍大于100 m,TOC平均为1.06%~2.54%,R o平均为1.81%~3.47%,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型,脆性矿物含量平均为49.5%,为思茅盆地页岩气有利层段。景谷洼陷南部和普文洼陷受深大断裂、地层抬升剥蚀、岩浆岩和变质岩带影响较小,盖层厚度大,页岩气保存条件相对较好。思茅盆地与相邻呵叻盆地具有相似的油气地质条件,具有一定的页岩气资源潜力,值得开展进一步的勘探研究工作。最后,综合考虑页岩分布、有机地化条件和保存条件,预测页岩气有利靶区主要位于勐班—德化及普文—象明一带。