Similarities and Differences of Chinese Translation Theories And Western Translation Theories

Translation theories are based on the different languages and cultures.The difference is not clearly defined,so there is a place of mutual integration that can be used interchangeably.Theyall regard author’s meaning and style as a core to translate a good product.Comparatively,Chinese theories focus on expressing the general meaning of the author,but Western theory emphasizes equivalence of details on translation and response of reader.In the translation practice,according to different theoretical texts and different stages of the translation process,the Chinese and Western translation theories are combined to apply them for making up for each other's deficiencies,which can help our translators to solve the problems in the process of translation improve the construction of Chinese theories.

Viewing on similarities in metaphors in cross-cultural communication from the perspective of cognition

Modern cognitive linguistics claims that metaphor should not be studied simply as a rhetorical device of language, but be associated with mankind＇s cognitive process, because it reflects the relationship between language and thought and cognition. Owing to this common cognitive basis, metaphors of different languages and cultures have some similarities. The specific examples of metaphors, both in English and Chinese, will be compared to find out their similarities, thus providing the evidence for the cognitive basis of metaphors.

Some Similarities and Dissimilarities in Cultures Between China and English-Speaking Countries

Chinese culture and the culture of English-speaking countries have both similarities and dissimilarities reflected in many aspects of social life, such as naming and greeting, topics of chatting, response connotations of colors, connotations of animals and connotations of translated counterparts which are to praise,

Similarities and Dissimilarities between Chinese and British Names

The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much information which implies the nation’s language,history,geography,religion,and cultural tradition.Research into the names of different nationalities will help us deepen the understanding of cultures.The commonness of Chinese and British cultures determines the similarities of Chinese and Britain names,while the different historical cultures,value ideas,thinking patterns,religion,and psychology determine the dissimilarities.This paper will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and British names from several aspects and analyze the cultural differences reflected by Chinese and British names.

A Brief Study of Similarities between English and Chinese Euphemisms

Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a social and cultural one. This paper introduces fundamental knowl edge of euphemism and attempts to compare the similarities between the English euphemism and Chinese euphemism from four aspects. It concludes by affirming that though belonging to different language systems, the two euphemisms share many common features in terms of the purpose of use, the range of use, the style as well as formation.

An Intelligent Graph Edit Distance-Based Approach for Finding Business Process Similarities

There are numerous application areas of computing similarity between process models.It includes finding similar models from a repository,controlling redundancy of process models,and finding corresponding activities between a pair of process models.The similarity between two process models is computed based on their similarity between labels,structures,and execution behaviors.Several attempts have been made to develop similarity techniques between activity labels,as well as their execution behavior.However,a notable problem with the process model similarity is that two process models can also be similar if there is a structural variation between them.However,neither a benchmark dataset exists for the structural similarity between process models nor there exist an effective technique to compute structural similarity.To that end,we have developed a large collection of process models in which structural changes are handcrafted while preserving the semantics of the models.Furthermore,we have used a machine learning-based approach to compute the similarity between a pair of process models having structural and label differences.Finally,we have evaluated the proposed approach using our generated collection of process models.

The Similarities and Differences between Joyce's "epiphany" and Woolf's "Moment of Being"in Woolf's Novel The Mark on the Wall

"Theory of Epiphany" James Joyce used in his literature is to explain an aesthetic process of the stages of artistic creation. Virginia Woolf's conception of "moments of being", later develop into the stream of consciousness, is considered as the major techniques in her short stories. In this paper, the major features of the two techniques are compared and contrasted with reference to Joyce's early fictions and Woolf's The Mark on the Wall.

Similarities in Mark Twain and Lu Xun's Writing Styles——The Employment of Sharp Contrast

Both Mark Twain and Lu Xun were the most well-known writers in the world literature. They were famous for biting style of writing and the way of using humor and irony,which won high praise of public. Although they lived in different countries and even different times,they shared certain similarities. This thesis will compare the likeness in their writing styles,especially their employment of sharp contrast. As for language,they were all the leaders in literature. It seemed that their works were just for fun. Actually there was light of thoughts in them that were used to satirize,to disclose,to laugh and eventually to cure people's soul. Therefore,after reading their works,people would laugh with tears and come to examine themselves. Naturally the glorification and organization of translating Mark Twain's works may result in the similarities of writing styles between the two men of letters.

Similarities Between Granites on the East and West Coasts of the Pacific Ocean

The traditional idea proposes that granites on the east and west coasts of the Pacific Ocean are different. According to field investigations of the geology of the western United States coupled with the authors' long-term studies on granites in South China, granites both in eastern China and in the western United States are similar.

Similarities and Differences

Since the end of the war in Afghanistan, the United States has been intensely making preparations for military actions to overthrow the "Saddam regime. " Though there existed big differences between the pro-war factions and pro-peace factions in the United Nations, U. S. President George W. Bush vowed that his country "would take military actions against lraq as planned even if the UN Security Council fails to pass U. S. motion to topple the Saddam regime by force." This tells us that the second Persian Gulf War was inevitable. And people would naturally connect in mind this war with the first Persian Gulf War in 1991. What is the difference between the two Gulf wars? What follow-up move would Washington take after the second Gulf war? What impact would the war exert on the political structure of the Middle East? And what’s the prospect of relations among the big powers, especially among the United States, the European nations, Russia and China? To find answers to these questions, we invited Professor Wang Zaibang and six of his colleagues to have a panel discussion in early March. It should be mentioned that Contemporary International Relations held a discussion of similar kind in the No. 10 issue, 2002. This discussion can be seen as a follow-up to the last one. We hope it would better our readers’ understanding of how the Chinese view this issue of public attention.

Similarities and Differences of Anaphoric Pronoun in Chinese and English

In both English and Chinese, pronouns are used with great frequency. And there are numerous usages of pronoun anaphors. The similarities and differences are summarized with the comparison of pronoun anaphors in English and Chinese.

The Similarities and Differences of English Writing and Translation

A close examination of the process and product of translation will let us realize that the key to determine a good or a bad translation hinges upon correct understanding and adept expression. Translation is possible to everyone, but with a difference of quality. The author believes that while realizing the multi-functions of translation studies, especially its function of cognition, we should not forget its essential function, i.e., the function of guiding translation practice. For a long time, people have confused the two concepts of＂writing＂ and ＂translate＂. To this, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences in English writing and translation

The differences and similarities between regional ethnic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of cancer pain

REM and TCM are both important parts of traditional medicine in China,and they have their own characteristics in the understanding and prevention of diseases.This article compares the understanding,the theoretical prevention and treatment guidance and the clinical application of the REM and TCM on the cancer pain.

Identification and Interpretation of Earth’s Atmosphere Dynamics’ and Thermodynamics’ Similarities between Rogue Waves and Oceans’ Surface Geostrophic Wind

In their daily practices, meteorologists make extensive use of the geostrophic wind properties to explain many weather phenomena such as the meaning and direction of the horizontal winds that take place around the low atmospheric pressures. The biggest challenge that faces the public who is interested in information disseminated by meteorologists is to know exactly what means the geostrophic wind. Besides the literal definitions scattered in very little scientific work, there is unfortunately no book which gives importance to the algebraic definition of the geostrophic wind. Our work shows that to better understand the behavior of natural phenomena, it is essential to combine the theories with based observations. Obviously, observations cannot be relevant without a theory that guides the observers. Conversely, no theory can be validated without experimental verification. Synoptic observations show that in the “free atmosphere!” the wind vectors are very nearly parallel to isobars, and the flow is perpendicular to the horizontal pressure gradient force, at least at any given instant. This kind of information recommends great caution when making geostrophic approximations. Our work also shows that for tornadoes, there is no need to move away from the surface of the oceans to observe the geostrophic balance. Undoubtedly, identification and interpretation of earth’s atmosphere dynamics’ and thermodynamics’ similarities between rogue waves and oceans’ surface geostrophic wind will be an easy exercise to researchers who will give importance to result provided by this paper.

Flows’ Similarities between Tornadoes or Cyclones Kinematics and Motions Resulting from Weather Phenomena Coupling Geostrophic Wind with Passive Convection

Tornadoes and cyclones, as is stated in numerous literary and audiovisual works dedicated to these out of balance physical systems, are two powerful and spectacular atmospheric phenomena whose vertical and horizontal profiles of winds and temperatures are not yet well known. Indeed, data and routine observations accumulated in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) databases, regardless of their diversity and perfection of the instruments used to achieve these data (e.g. satellites, onboard cameras, wind profilers, ultra modern calculators, etc.), offer mind-blowing performances on the extent of damage caused by these disturbances, but information provided by these ground and space based observations will never allow access to real profiles of winds associated with tornadoes and cyclones both at the ground’s surface and aloft. The works recently carried out by C. Mbane Biouele allow us to discover that winds associated with tornadoes and hurricanes result from vectors addition of troposphere’s horizontal geostrophic winds and vertical movements associated with passive convection. Unfortunately, geostrophic wind and passive convection are two familiar meteorological phenomena described with much awkwardness and monumental mistakes by all scientific books written by authors who have remained loyal to Hadley principle which states (for centuries) that hot air is lighter than cold air. It is very important to know that C. Mbane Biouele’s very recent publications demonstrate that Hadley principle is not valid in the troposphere’s regions occupied by Ferrell cells. Indeed, it is urgent for the development of meteorology to highlight with great insistence to everyone that there is a Physics principle diametrically opposed to popular Hadley one which provides thermodynamic reasons of the formation of Ferrell cells. This Principle will be named Mbane Biouele Principe and be clearly stated in this paper.

Similarities between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary

By analysis of published papers on the Yangtze estuary and hydrological and sediments data in Yangshan Harbor area, many similarities are found between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary. These similarities include the phenomenon of stagnating flow areas, the distributive characteristics of the highest suspended sediment concentration areas, superficial sediments and shoal bars. The stagnating flow area is the major similarity which causes other similarities. These similarities indicate that: 1) Turbidity Maximum and mouth bars in estuaries are mainly caused by the hydraulic balance of stagnating flow areas of estuaries; 2) The stagnating sand area of sands caused by stagnating flow area often locates on the narrower side of the stagnating flow area; 3) The location (or shape) of fine sediments area caused by stagnating flow area reflects the location (or shape) of the stagnating flow area. Both Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary are the important developmental areas in the future (man-made similarity). In-depth studies on these similarities between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary will have momentous theoretical and practical significance.

On Similarities and Differences between Relative Pronouns in Relative Clauses

This paper,in two installments,attempts to clarify the finer points in the similarities and differences in the usage of relative pronouns,who,that and which,while they are in relative clauses.They are illustrated and justified with examples.The paper,through the comparison of the usages of who,that and which,has shown their similarities and differences from one another.It will enable us to master their usages and help us in studying relative clauses.

WHAT ARE THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN JU-CI AND MIAO-CI? HOW ARE THESE APPLIED CLINICALLY?

similar acupuncture techniques, both ofwhich were well recorded in the 《YellowEmperor’s Internal Classic》, referring totreatment of disease of one (left or right)side of the body by puncturing points on theopposite (right or left) side. The chapter" On the Official Puncturing" in the book《The Miraculous Pivot》said that Ju--cimeant needling acupoints on the right sidewhen the disease was on the left side of thebody, and vice versa. Therefore, it is a kindof intersection method for selection ofacupoints in treatment of diseases. It was al-so written in the chapter " On ContralateralPuncture" in 《Plain Questions》 that need-

Exploiting Structural Similarities to Classify Citations

Citations play an important role in the scientific community by assisting in measuring multifarious policies like the impact of journals,researchers,institutions,and countries.Authors cite papers for different reasons,such as extending previous work,comparing their study with the state-of-the-art,providing background of the field,etc.In recent years,researchers have tried to conceptualize all citations into two broad categories,important and incidental.Such a categorization is very important to enhance scientific output in multiple ways,for instance,(1)Helping a researcher in identifying meaningful citations from a list of 100 to 1000 citations(2)Enhancing the impact factor calculation mechanism by more strongly weighting important citations,and(3)Improving researcher,institutional,and university rankings by only considering important citations.All of these uses depend upon correctly identifying the important citations from the list of all citations in a paper.To date,researchers have utilized many features to classify citations into these broad categories:cue phrases,in-text citation counts,and metadata features,etc.However,contemporary approaches are based on identification of in-text citation counts,mapping sections onto the Introduction,Methods,Results,and Discussion(IMRAD)structure,identifying cue phrases,etc.Identifying such features accurately is a challenging task and is normally conducted manually,with the accuracy of citation classification demonstrated in terms of these manually extracted features.This research proposes to examine the content of the cited and citing pair to identify important citing papers for each cited paper.This content similarity approach was adopted from research paper recommendation approaches.Furthermore,a novel section-based content similarity approach is also proposed.The results show that solely using the abstract of the cited and citing papers can achieve similar accuracy as the stateof-the-art approaches.This makes the proposed approach a viable technique that does not depend on manual identification of complex features.

A fuzzy distinguishability on species composition similarities of pelagic fishes in different years in the southern Taiwan Strait

A fuzzy mathematical method is used to discriminate the similarities of pelagic fishes land- ed in the 9180 hauls by 10 light-seine information vessels in the southern Fujian waters from 1989 to 1998. The results indicate that the dominant species of the communities had an obvious alternation and the fuzzy adjacency of annual species composition varied between 0. 659 and 0. 923 with an average value of 0. 791. The fuzzy clustering analysis indicates that the annual fuzzy adjacency in general remains good although the species composition of the pelagic fishes has changed to a certain degree since 1992. This paper concludes that the community structure of pelagic fishes in the southern Taiwan Strait remains rel- atively stable and the state of fish stocks shows a good potentiality for a larger utilization.