Effects of axylitol-casein complex on insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in high-fat-diet+streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.

The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter type operator and Penrose type integral formula on the generalized complex Heisenberg group

The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter operator and k-CF functions are counterparts of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann operator and CR functions on the Heisenberg group in the theory of several complex variables,respectively.In this paper,we introduce a Lie group that the Heisenberg group can be imbedded into and call it generalized complex Heisenberg.We investigate quaternionic analysis on the generalized complex Heisenberg.We also give the Penrose integral formula for k-CF functions and construct the tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter complex.

A COMPARISON OF THE DETERMINATION OF STABILITY CONSTANTS OF COMPLEXES OF Cd(Ⅱ)WITH AMINO ACIDS AND SIMPLE PEPTIDES USING MICRO—pH—METRIC TITRATIONS AND CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY

This paper reports the determination of stability constants for complexes of Cd(Ⅱ)with Gly, Ala,Val,Asp,Gly—Asp,Asp Gly,Gly—Gly and Gly—Gly—Gly using both micro—pH—metric titra- tions and the application of convolution—deconvolution cyclic voltammetry at 25℃ and I=0.10 mol· dm^(-3)(KNO_3).Stability constants were calculated from pH—metric data using the SUPERQUAD com- puter program and cyclic voltammograms were collected,stored and manipulated using the EG and G CONDECON 300 software.A considerably larger ligand:metal ratio(e,g.50:1)was possible using voltammetry.Evaluation of results from the two techniques suggests that stability constants for the species[CdL_2]and[CdL_3]are reliable when calculated fromvoltammetry while those for[CdL]are more reliable when determined by pH-metric titration.

A SIMPLE ACCESS TO UNSOLVATED MONOMERIC COMPLEXES OF EARLY LANTHANIDE IODIDES(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnI(Ln=La,Nd)VIA THE REACTION OF[(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnCl]_2 WITH NaI AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE LANTHANUM COMPLEX

(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnI(Ln=La,Nd)complexes have been synthesized by the reaction between NaI and[(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnCl]2 in THF;A single crystal X-ray study has shown that the lanthanum complex is an unsolvated monomer with lanthanum(Ⅲ)in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry if the cyclopentadienyl ring is regarded as occupying a single polyhedral vertex.

A Class of ＊-simple Type A ω~2 -semigroups （Ⅰ）

In this paper, we study ＊-simple type A ω2 -semigroups in which D＊= D and D＊｜ES = Md by the generalized Bruck-Reilly extension and obtain its structure theorem. We also obtain a criterion for isomorphisms of two such semigroups.

THE BERNSTEIN TYPE INEQUALITY AND SIMULTANEOUS APPROXIMATION BY INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIALS IN COMPLEX DOMAIN

In this paper we investigate simultaneous approximation for arbitrary system of nodes on smooth domain in complex plane. Some results which are better than those of known theorems are obtained.

Preparation, Characterization and Luminescent Properties of MCM-41 Type Materials Impregnated with Rare Earth Complex

Hybrid materials incorporating Eu-(TTA)(3). 2H(2)O (7hereafter designated as Eu-TTA, with TTA: thenoyltrifluoroacetone) in unmodified or modified MCM-41 by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) were prepared by impregnation method. The obtained materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and luminescence spectra. All the hybrid samples exhibited the characteristic emission bands of EU3+ under UV light excitation at room temperature, and the excitation spectra showed significant blue-shifts compared to the pure rare-earth complex. Although the red emission intensity in the modified hybrid was almost the half of the red emission intensity in the pure Eu-TTA complex at room temperature, the hybrid showed a much higher thermal stability due to the shielding character of the MCM-41 host.

Crystal Structure of a Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex Containing an Amide Type Ligand

The compound [Cd（L）2（NO3）]NO3·0.5H2O （L = N-benzyl-2-（quinolin-8-yloxy）aceta- mide） 1 has been synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 11.7175（13）, b = 11.8873（13）, c = 14.0958（16） A, α = 74.889（2）, β= 78.228（2）, γ = 78.831（2）°, V= 1835.0（4） A3, Z= 1, Dc= 1.502 Mg/m3, Mr = 1660.17,μ = 0.662 mm-1, F（000） = 846, 2（MoKa） = 0.71073 A, the final R = 0.0585 and wR = 0.0577 for all observed reflections. The results show that the Cd（II） ion with a square antiprismatic geometry is coordinated by a N206 donor set, two NO2 sets from two ligands and two O atoms from a bidendate nitrate group. In the crystal, the O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds are helpful to consolidate the three- dimensional network.

A New Approach for the Exact Solutions of Nonlinear Equations of Fractional Order via Modified Simple Equation Method

In this article, the modified simple equation method has been extended to celebrate the exact solutions of nonlinear partial time-space differential equations of fractional order. Firstly, the fractional complex transformation has been implemented to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, modified simple equation method has been implemented, to find the exact solutions of these equations, in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. For applications, the exact solutions of time-space fractional derivative Burgers’ equation and time-space fractional derivative foam drainage equation have been discussed. Moreover, it can also be concluded that the proposed method is easy, direct and concise as compared to other existing methods.

Types of the Cambrian platform margin mound-shoal complexes and their relationship with paleogeomorphology in Gucheng area,Tarim Basin,NW China

Based on the observation of outcrops and cores,thin section identification,restoration of paleogeomorphology by residual thickness method,fine description of seismic facies,etc.,the coupling relationships between the development patterns of various types of Cambrian platform margin mound-shoal complexes and paleogeomorphology in the Gucheng area of Tarim Basin have been examined.The Cambrian platform margin mound-shoal complex is divided into mound base,mound core,mound front,mound back and mound flat microfacies,which are composed of dolomites of seven textures with facies indication.The different paleogeomorphology before the deposition of mound-shoal complex in each period was reconstructed,and three types of mound-shoal complex sedimentary models corresponding to the paleogeomorphologies of four stages were established:namely,the first stage of gentle slope symmetric accretion type,the second stage of steep slope asymmetric accretion type and the third and fourth stages of steep slope asymmetric progradation type.Their microfacies are respectively characterized by-mound base-mound back+(small)mound core+mound front-mound flat"symmetric vertical accretion structure,"mound base-(large)mound core+mound front-mound flat"asymmetric vertical accretion structure,"mound base-(small)mound core+mound front-mound flat"asymmetric lateral progradation structure.With most developed favorable reservoir facies belt,the steep slope asymmetric accretion type mound-shoal complex with the characteristics of"large mound and large shoal"is the exploration target for oil and gas reservoir.

Geochemistry of an Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic complex in Eastern Desert, Egypt:New insights and constraints on the Neoproterozoic island arc magmatism

Mikbi intrusion(MI) is a part of the Neoproterozoic Nubian Shield located along the NE-SW trending major fracture zones prevailing southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. In this study, we present for the first time detailed mineralogical and bulk-rock geochemical data to infer some constraints on the parental magma genesis and to understand the tectonic processes contributed to MI formation. Lithologically, it is composed of fresh peridotite, clinopyroxenite, hornblendite, anorthosite, gabbronorite, pyroxene amphibole gabbro, amphibole gabbro and diorite. All rocks have low Th/La ratios(mostly <0.2) and lack positive Zr and Th anomalies excluding significant crustal contamination. They show very low concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf together with sub-chondritic ratios of Nb/Ta(2-15) and Zr/Hf(19-35),suggesting that their mantle source was depleted by earlier melting extraction event. The oxygen fugacity(logfO_2) estimated from diorite biotite is around the nickel-nickel oxide buffer(NNO) indicating crystallization from a relatively oxidized magma. Amphiboles in the studied mafic-ultramafic rocks indicate relative oxygen fugacity(i.e. ΔNNO; nickel-nickel oxide) of 0.28-3 and were in equilibrium mostly with 3.77-8.24 wt.% H_2 O_(melt)(i.e. water content in the melt), consistent with the typical values of subduction-related magmas. Moreover, pressure estimates(0.53-6.79 kbar) indicate polybaric crystallization and suggest that the magma chamber(s) was located at relatively shallow crustal levels. The enrichment in LILE(e.g., Cs, Ba, K and Sr) and the depletion in HFSE(e.g., Th and Nb) relative to primitive mantle are consistent with island arc signature. The olivine, pyroxene and amphibole compositions also reflect arc affinity. These inferences suggest that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of a mantle source that formerly metasomatized in a subduction zone setting. Clinopyroxene and bulkrock data are consistent with orogenic tholeiitic affinity. Consequently, the mineral and bulk-rock chemistry strongly indicate crystallization from hydrous tholeiitic magma. Moreover, their trace element patterns are subparallel indicating that the various rock types possibly result from differentiation of the same primary magma. These petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics show that the MI is a typical Alaskan-type complex.

Lithium ion conductivity of complex hydrides incorporating multiple closo–type complex anions

We report the lithium ionic conductivities of closo –type complex hydrides synthesized from various molar ratios of lithium borohydride(LiBH4) and decaborane(B10H14) as starting materials. The prepared closo –type complex hydrides comprised [B12H12]^2-, [B11H11]^2-, and [B10H10]^2- complex anions. In addition, increasing the LiBH4 content in the starting materials increased the amounts of [B11H11]^2- and [B10H10]^2-, leading to an improved ion conductivity of the prepared sample. The present study offers useful insights into strategies for controlling the complex anion composition in emerging solid electrolytes of closo-type complex hydrides at the molecular level, and improving their ionic conductivities.

Synthesis and Characterization of Charge-transfer Complexes of Aminoethylphosphono-and Dimethylaminoethylphosphono-heteropolytungstic Acids of Keggin Type Structure

Two charge-transfer complexes of 2a and 2b of Keggin type were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV spectra, XRD, TG-DSC; and were compared with Hquin-PW12. The primary structure of the heteropolyanions had not been changed after the formation of the charge transfer complexes.

Approximation by a Complex Post-Widder Type Operator

In the present article, we deal with the so-called overconvergence phenomenon in C of a slightly modified Post-Widder operator of real variable, that is with the extension of its approximation properties from the real axis in the complex plane.In this sense, error estimates in approximation and a quantitative Voronovskaya-type asymptotic formula are established.

Structure of Activity Sites in Perovskite－type Complexs Oxides LaMnO_3＋λ for Total Oxidation of Methane

Nanometer oxide LaMnO3+λ and its counterparts with large particle size were comparatively studied for total oxidation of methane. XPS, TPR and nonstoichiometric oxygen (λ)analysis results identify that the nanometer chide contains more high valence cations, to which the adjacent lattice oxygen are responsible for total oxidation of methane at low temperature.

The First Hybrid Wells-Dawson-type Polytungstate Monosupported by Cd-coordination Complex via Di-bridging O-atom

Polyoxometalates（POMs） with Cd-coordination complexes acting as supporting units are rarely reported. The linkage of the supporting units with inorganic building block（polyanion） is generally established on terminal O-atoms, but scarcely via bridging O-atoms. By introducing liquid small organic molecule（pyridine, C5NH5） as assistant ＂structure-directing agent＂, we obtained a novel organic-inorganic hybrid polytungstate,（Hpy）4[Cd（phen）2（P2W18O62）]·nH2O（1, n ≈ 3, py = pyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）, under hydrothermal conditions. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that 1 is the first compound containing an asymmetric heteropolyanion, [Cd（phen）2（P2W18O62）]4–, a Wells-Dawson-type polyanion monosupported by Cd-coordination complex via di-bridging O-atoms.

Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians Whose Jacobi Operators Corresponding to -Directions are of Codazzi Type

We prove the non-existence of Hopf real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians whose Jacobi operators or the Jacobi corresponding to the directions in the distribution are of Codazzi type if they satisfy a further condition. We obtain that that they must be either of type (A) or of type (B) (see [2]), but no one of these satisfies our condition. As a consequence, we obtain the non-existence of Hopf real hypersurfaces in such ambient spaces whose Jacobi operators corresponding to -directions are parallel with the same further condition.

Thermal Behaviour of Some New Polyoxometalate Complexes of Ciprofloxacin with Keggin-type Heteropoly Acids

Four polyoxometalate complexes, (CPFX·HCl)_3H_4SiW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PW_~12 O_~40 , (CPFX·HCl)_3H_3PMo_~12 O_~40 and (CPFX·HCl)_4H_4SiMo_~12 O_~40 , were prepared from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFX·HCl) reacting with H_nXM_~12 O_~40 ·nH_2O(X=P,Si; M=W,Mo) in an aqueous solution, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrometry and TG-DTA. The IR spectrum confirms the presence of Keggin-type anions of heteropoly acids and the characteristic functional groups of ciprofloxacin. The TG/DTA curves show that their thermal decomposition is a multi-step process including simultaneous collapse of the Keggin-type structure. At first, these compounds had a mass loss of water molecules, then several other mass losses occured due to the decomposition of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and its fragments with the degradation of Keggin anions. The end product of decomposition is the mixture of WO_3(or MoO_3) and SiO_2(or P_2O_5), identified by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The possible thermal decomposition mechanisms of these complexes are proposed. This study exemplified that the thermal stability of the complexes containing tungsten is much better than that of the complexes containing molybdenum.

PREPARATION OF UREA NITROGEN ADSORBENT OF COMPLEX TYPE AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF UREA NITROGEN ONTO THE ADSORBENT

The urea nitrogen adsorbent of complex type, which consists of chitosan coated dialdehyde cellulose （CDAC） and immobilized urease in gelatin membrane （IE）, was prepared. The cellulose, the dialdehyde cellulose （DAC） and the CDAC were characterized by scanning electronic microscope. The results indicate that the cellulose C2-C3 bond was broken under the oxidation of periodate and it was oxidated to DAC. The DAC was coated with chitosan and the CDAC was obtained. The adsorption of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent in Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution was studied in batch system. The effects of the experiment parameters, including degree of oxidation of CDAC, initial urea nitrogen concentration, pH and temperature, on the adsorption capacity of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent at CDAC/IE weight ratio 10：1 were investigated. The results indicate that these parameters affected significantly the adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent was 36.7 mg/g at the degree of oxidation of CDAC 88%, initial urea nitrogen concentration 600 mg/L, pH 7.4 and temperature 37℃.

Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.It has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 deaths.High-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney disease.Research indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals.Examining the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 enzymes.ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a vasodilator.Reduced ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies RAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis.Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry.This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM.Potential treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 therapy,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.