A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct...A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.展开更多
The exponent of a primitive digraph has been generalized in [2].In this paper we obtain new parameters on generalized exponent of primitive simple graphs (symmetric primitive (0,1)matrices with zero trace) completely.
Let G be a simple graph with no isolated vertices. A set S of vertices of G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S . The total domination number of G , den...Let G be a simple graph with no isolated vertices. A set S of vertices of G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S . The total domination number of G , denoted by γ t (G) , is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G . It is shown that if G is a graph of order n with minimum degree at least 3, then γ t (G)≤n/2 . Thus a conjecture of Favaron, Henning, Mynhart and Puech is settled in the affirmative.展开更多
An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v V（G） at most f（v） times. The minimum number of colors needed to f-color G is called the f-chromatic index of G and...An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v V（G） at most f（v） times. The minimum number of colors needed to f-color G is called the f-chromatic index of G and is denoted by X′f（G）. Any simple graph G has the f-chromatic index equal to △f（G） or △f（G） ＋ 1, where △f（G） =max v V（G）{[d（v）/f（v）]}. If X′f（G） = △f（G）, then G is of f-class 1; otherwise G is of f-class 2. In this paper, a class of graphs of f-class 1 are obtained by a constructive proof. As a result, f-colorings of these graphs with △f（G） colors are given.展开更多
Abstract An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v ∈ V（G） at most f（v） times. The f-core of G is the subgraph of G induced by the vertices v of degree d（v...Abstract An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v ∈ V（G） at most f（v） times. The f-core of G is the subgraph of G induced by the vertices v of degree d（v） = f（v）maxv∈y（G）{ [d（v）/f（v）l}. In this paper, we find some necessary conditions for a simple graph, whose f-core has maximum degree two, to be of class 2 for f-colorings.展开更多
A simple graph G=(V,E)is said to be vertex Euclidean if there exists a bijection f from V to{1,2,...,|V|}such that f(u)+f(v)>f(w)for each C3 subgraph with vertex set{u,v,w},where f(u)<f(v)<f(w).The vertex Euc...A simple graph G=(V,E)is said to be vertex Euclidean if there exists a bijection f from V to{1,2,...,|V|}such that f(u)+f(v)>f(w)for each C3 subgraph with vertex set{u,v,w},where f(u)<f(v)<f(w).The vertex Euclidean deficiency of a graph G,denotedμv Euclid(G),is the smallest positive integer n such that G∪N_(n) is vertex Euclidean.In this paper,we introduce some methods for deriving the vertex Euclidean properties of some simple graphs.展开更多
In this article,we discuss the blowup phenomenon of solutions to the wdiffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the graph.Through Banach fixed point theorem,comparison principle,construction of auxiliar...In this article,we discuss the blowup phenomenon of solutions to the wdiffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the graph.Through Banach fixed point theorem,comparison principle,construction of auxiliary function and other methods,we prove the local existence of solutions,and under appropriate conditions the blowup time and blowup rate estimation are given.Finally,numerical experiments are given to illustrate the blowup behavior of the solution.展开更多
For any vertex u ? V(G), let T N (u) = {u} ∪ {uυ|uυ ? E(G), υ ? υ(G)} ∪ {υ ? υ(G)|uυ ? E(G) and let f be a total k-coloring of G. The total-color neighbor of a vertex u of G is the color set C f(u) = {f(x) | ...For any vertex u ? V(G), let T N (u) = {u} ∪ {uυ|uυ ? E(G), υ ? υ(G)} ∪ {υ ? υ(G)|uυ ? E(G) and let f be a total k-coloring of G. The total-color neighbor of a vertex u of G is the color set C f(u) = {f(x) | x ? T N (u)}. For any two adjacent vertices x and y of V(G) such that C f(x) ≠ C f(y), we refer to f as a k-avsdt-coloring of G (“avsdt” is the abbreviation of “ adjacent-vertex-strongly-distinguishing total”). The avsdt-coloring number of G, denoted by χast(G), is the minimal number of colors required for a avsdt-coloring of G. In this paper, the avsdt-coloring numbers on some familiar graphs are studied, such as paths, cycles, complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs and so on. We prove Δ(G) + 1 ? χast(G) ? Δ(G) + 2 for any tree or unique cycle graph G.展开更多
文摘A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.
文摘The exponent of a primitive digraph has been generalized in [2].In this paper we obtain new parameters on generalized exponent of primitive simple graphs (symmetric primitive (0,1)matrices with zero trace) completely.
文摘Let G be a simple graph with no isolated vertices. A set S of vertices of G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S . The total domination number of G , denoted by γ t (G) , is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G . It is shown that if G is a graph of order n with minimum degree at least 3, then γ t (G)≤n/2 . Thus a conjecture of Favaron, Henning, Mynhart and Puech is settled in the affirmative.
基金NSFC (10471078,60673047)RSDP (20040422004)NSF of Hebei(A2007000002) of China
文摘An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v V（G） at most f（v） times. The minimum number of colors needed to f-color G is called the f-chromatic index of G and is denoted by X′f（G）. Any simple graph G has the f-chromatic index equal to △f（G） or △f（G） ＋ 1, where △f（G） =max v V（G）{[d（v）/f（v）]}. If X′f（G） = △f（G）, then G is of f-class 1; otherwise G is of f-class 2. In this paper, a class of graphs of f-class 1 are obtained by a constructive proof. As a result, f-colorings of these graphs with △f（G） colors are given.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10901097,11001055)Tianyuan Youth Foundation of Mathematics(Grant No.10926099)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Grant No.ZR2010AQ003)Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(Grant No.G13LI04)of China
文摘Abstract An f-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring of G such that each color appears at each vertex v ∈ V（G） at most f（v） times. The f-core of G is the subgraph of G induced by the vertices v of degree d（v） = f（v）maxv∈y（G）{ [d（v）/f（v）l}. In this paper, we find some necessary conditions for a simple graph, whose f-core has maximum degree two, to be of class 2 for f-colorings.
文摘A simple graph G=(V,E)is said to be vertex Euclidean if there exists a bijection f from V to{1,2,...,|V|}such that f(u)+f(v)>f(w)for each C3 subgraph with vertex set{u,v,w},where f(u)<f(v)<f(w).The vertex Euclidean deficiency of a graph G,denotedμv Euclid(G),is the smallest positive integer n such that G∪N_(n) is vertex Euclidean.In this paper,we introduce some methods for deriving the vertex Euclidean properties of some simple graphs.
文摘In this article,we discuss the blowup phenomenon of solutions to the wdiffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the graph.Through Banach fixed point theorem,comparison principle,construction of auxiliary function and other methods,we prove the local existence of solutions,and under appropriate conditions the blowup time and blowup rate estimation are given.Finally,numerical experiments are given to illustrate the blowup behavior of the solution.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10771091, 10661007)
文摘For any vertex u ? V(G), let T N (u) = {u} ∪ {uυ|uυ ? E(G), υ ? υ(G)} ∪ {υ ? υ(G)|uυ ? E(G) and let f be a total k-coloring of G. The total-color neighbor of a vertex u of G is the color set C f(u) = {f(x) | x ? T N (u)}. For any two adjacent vertices x and y of V(G) such that C f(x) ≠ C f(y), we refer to f as a k-avsdt-coloring of G (“avsdt” is the abbreviation of “ adjacent-vertex-strongly-distinguishing total”). The avsdt-coloring number of G, denoted by χast(G), is the minimal number of colors required for a avsdt-coloring of G. In this paper, the avsdt-coloring numbers on some familiar graphs are studied, such as paths, cycles, complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs and so on. We prove Δ(G) + 1 ? χast(G) ? Δ(G) + 2 for any tree or unique cycle graph G.
