Interleukin 1βreceptor and synaptic dysfunction in recurrent brain infection with Herpes simplex virus type-1

Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.

Herpes simplex keratitis:A brief clinical overview

The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment options,management,and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus(HSV),which can affect several tissues,including the cornea.One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea.After the initial infection,the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion,a nerve cluster near the eye.The virus may remain dormant for extended periods.Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur,leading to recurrent episodes of HSK.Factors triggering reactivation include stress,illness,immunosuppression,or trauma.Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns,ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease.The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals.Severe cases of HSK,especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring,can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases.The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision,and scarring can compromise this,potentially leading to visual impairment.The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization.Antiviral medications,such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir,may be prescribed for prophylaxis.The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage.Inflammation,caused by the body's attempt to control the infection,may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues.Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation.In summary,the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.

Black Garlic as an Antiviral for Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-GloTM H2O2 assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.

Study on Joint Method of 3D Acoustic Emission Source Localization Simplex and Grid Search Scanning

Acoustic emission(AE)source localization is a fundamental element of rock fracture damage imaging.To improve the efficiency and accuracy of AE source localization,this paper proposes a joint method comprising a three-dimensional(3D)AE source localization simplex method and grid search scanning.Using the concept of the geometry of simplexes,tetrahedral iterations were first conducted to narrow down the suspected source region.This is followed by a process of meshing the region and node searching to scan for optimal solutions,until the source location is determined.The resulting algorithm was tested using the artificial excitation source localization and uniaxial compression tests,after which the localization results were compared with the simplex and exhaustive methods.The results revealed that the localization obtained using the proposed method is more stable and can be effectively avoided compared with the simplex localization method.Furthermore,compared with the global scanning method,the proposed method is more efficient,with an average time of 10%–20%of the global scanning localization algorithm.Thus,the proposed algorithm is of great significance for laboratory research focused on locating rupture damages sustained by large-sized rock masses or test blocks.

Bilateral meibomian gland morphological alterations in unilateral herpes simplex keratitis based on artificial intelligence analysis

AIM:To explore whether unilateral herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)can cause morphological changes of bilateral meibomian glands(MGs)based on artificial intelligence(AI)analytical system.METHODS:In the retrospective study,29 patients with unilateral HSK and 29 participants matched in terms of age and sex were included as control group.Meibographic images of the upper eyelid using Keratograph 5M and assessed ocular surface parameters including tear meniscus height and tear break-up time.MG density and vagueness values were automatically analyzed and calculated using an AI analytical system.We compared the differences between the affected and the contralateral unaffected eyes in HSK patients,and the normal control eyes.We employed either the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare significant difference between the affected and unaffected eyes in HSK patients or between the HSK group and control group.RESULTS:The MG density was 0.19±0.09 in the HSKaffected eye and 0.18±0.07 in contralateral unaffected eye,which had no significant difference(P=0.616).The MG density between the affected eye with HSK and the normal control group was statistically significant(P=0.028).There was a significant difference in MG density between the contralateral unaffected eye and the normal control group(P=0.012).However,no significant difference in vagueness value was observed between the eye with HSK and the control group or between HSK eye and contralateral eye.CONCLUSION:The MG density between the HSKaffected eye and the contralateral unaffected eye don’t significantly differ,whereas there is a significant decrease in the HSK group compared to that of the normal participants.Unilateral HSV keratitis may suffer from bilateral changes of MG morphology indicating bilateral dry eye.Therefore,the fellow eye of patients with unilateral HSK should be considered a potential case of MG dysfunction,necessitating early treatment for bilateral dry eye in the clinic.

基于Simplex算法的高压直流输电分段变速率VDCOL研究

为了改善高压直流系统的故障后的恢复性能,在研究低压限流单元(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)对直流系统无功功率消耗和电压稳定性影响的基础上,提出了一种分段变速率低压限流单元(piecewise-variable-rate VDCOL,PVR-VDCOL)的控制方法,该方法通过将电压下降或恢复过程划分为几个不同的阶段,并在每个阶段根据电压水平的不同而设置不同的功率恢复速率。推导了控制器初值的计算公式,制定了利用Simplex算法优化控制器参数的流程,并重点分析了分段数目对控制器性能的影响及其确定方法。在PSCAD/EMTDC中对提出的PVR-VDCOL和传统线性VDCOL的控制效果进行了对比仿真,并对不同分段数目下的仿真结果进行了对比分析,仿真结果表明提出的PVR-VDCOL能够有效改善直流系统的恢复性能。

甘肃窑街中侏罗世植物化石Coniopteris simplex的原位孢子特征研究

通过大量的实验分析,揭示了Coniopteris simplex的原位孢子特征,甘肃窑街盆地中侏罗世Coniopteris simplex原位孢子的基本特征可以概括为:孢子为四面体形,极面观为三角形至圆三角形,顶角钝圆,三边线内凹;体积小,极面观直径为25～38μm,平均约30μm;三射线平直或微弯,其长度为半径的2/3～3/4,宽度较窄,具唇状边缘。外壁近于光滑,但具多条不规则的褶皱;无周壁;孢子的颜色以黄褐色为主。明确了Cyathidites minor可能是Coniopterissimplex孢子,后者为前者的母体植物。

基于Downhill-Simplex算法的观测数据与作物生长模型同化方法研究

以夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、贮存器官干重(WSO)、地上总干重(TAGP)以及土壤水分含量(SM)为结合点,建立了基于Downhill-Simplex算法的作物生长模型WOFOST同化多种地面观测数据的一般方法或流程:开展观测数据与作物生长模型同化方法的正确性验证→利用Downhill-Simplex算法进行WOFOST模型的敏感性分析→选择敏感参数组合→通过优化效果确定待优化参数→利用新的观测数据对待优化参数进行优化,从而实现了观测数据与作物生长模型的同化,提升了模型的模拟能力。同化过程中遴选出的WOFOST模型的待优化参数主要包括比叶面积、最大CO2同化速率、初始地上部总干物重、根深最大日增量和初始土壤有效水等。

基于Simplex算法的VSC-HVDC控制参数优化

以电压源换流器高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)的稳态模型为基础,根据VSC功率传输方程的直角坐标形式,采用逆系统方法和PI控制相结合的方法设计了VSC的有功功率和无功功率独立调节的VSC-HVDC控制系统。基于非线性单纯形Simplex算法,对PI控制参数进行优化。PSCAD/EMTDC下的仿真结果表明,通过参数优化,VSC-HVDC控制目标的最大误差百分比低于1.5%;同时也证明所设计的控制系统能独立控制有功功率和无功功率。

BOTDR系统应用Simplex编码的信号快速处理方法

本文提出了一种将Simplex编码调制去噪技术与叠加平均去噪技术相结合的方法—S叠加算法。该方法是将S编码与叠加平均算法混合使用,在去噪效果相同的情况下,S叠加算法可以大幅度减少叠加次数,缩短了信号处理时间,同时,降低了随着Simplex编码长度的增加对信号解调带来的困难;对分布式光纤传感系统进行数学建模,并在此模型的基础上进行了数值分析,数据表明,S叠加算法可以大幅度减少信号的处理时间,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。

基于Simplex算法对马奶啤酒发酵控制优化及品质分析

以马奶啤酒为考察对象,通过控制单因素实验确定四个单因素,判断步长,利用Simplex算法确定马奶啤酒发酵控制参数,结果表明:接种总量8%(干酪乳杆菌∶马克思克鲁维酵母菌=1∶2),发酵温度35℃,发酵时间48 h,蔗糖添加量9%及麦芽汁添加量30%为最佳发酵参数,此条件下的综合p H为3.30±0.02,酒精度为5.4%±0.2%vol,感官评分为79±1.4。感官指标,理化指标及卫生指标均符合《GB 19302-2010发酵乳》国标。马奶啤酒发酵控制的研究为新疆地区马乳及其制品的多样性提供了理论与实践基础。

SIMPLEX算法与其他算法收敛特性的比较

编制了 SIMLPEX 程序。通过两个典型的流动传热问题,验证了程序的正确性,并将 SIMLPEX 与SIMPLE,SIMPLEC,SIMPLER 算法的收敛特性进行了比较。结果表明,不同算法的收敛特性与具体问题有关;SIMPLEX 算法虽能减少迭代次数,但由于求解过程中增加了 de,dn 方程组的求解,使达到收敛耗用的 CPU 时间增加,对于某些问题 SIMPLEX 耗用的 CPU 时间要少于 SIMPLER,但通常情况下多于SIMPLE 和 SIMPLEC;SIMPLE 算法通过选择合适的松弛因子,可以使其计算耗用的 CPU 时间少于其他算法不采用收敛加速技术时耗用的 CPU 时间。

An Inequality Concerning the Center of Simplex's Circumscribed Sphere

Let A={A_1, A_2,…, A_(n+1)} be a simplex in E^n which its center O of circumscribed sphere is in inside of A. If R and R_i are radiuses of A_i respectively (A_i={A_1, A_2,…, A_(i-1), O, A_(i+1),…,A_(n+1)} ,i=1,2,…,n+1),then we have The equality holds if and only if A is a regular simplex.

MID-FACETS OF A SIMPLEX

The mid-facet of a simplex in n-dimensional Euclidean space which was introduced quite recently is an important geometric element. An analytic expression for the mid-facet area of a simplex is firstly given. In order to obtain the expression,the exterior differential method was presented. Furthermore, the properties of the mid-facets of a simplex analogous to median lines of a triangle (such as for all mid-facets of a simplex,there exists another simplex such that its edge-lengths equal to these mid-facets area respectively, and all of the mid-facets of a simplex have a common point) were proved. Finally, by applying the analytic expression, a number of inequalities which combine edge-lengths, circumradius, median line, bisection area and facet area with the mid-facet area for a simplex were established.

单条胶黏藻(Dumontia simplex Cotton)孢子早期发育及其生活史的研究

为研究单条胶黏藻(Dumontia simplex Cotton)的孢子发育类型和生活史,探明其孢子发育的最适环境因子,在实验室条件下,通过培养观察,研究不同温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)早期发育的影响。结果表明:(1)孢子发育过程中无丝状体出现,孢子的发育类型为直接盘状体型。(2)温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子的早期发育均有影响,温度6—30°C范围内,果孢子发育的最适温度为9°C,四分孢子为9—12°C;光强80—400μmol/(m2·s)范围内,果孢子发育的最适光强为160μmol/(m2·s),四分孢子为160—200μmol/(m2·s);盐度15—50范围内,孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育的最适盐度为30。(3)单条胶黏藻生活史由单倍的雌、雄配子体和二倍的果孢子体及四分孢子体构成,配子体和四分孢子体外形一致,交替出现,属于典型的同型世代交替。

笼养条件下暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonica simplex)鸣声的初步探究

鸣叫是鸟类种群内个体间交流的"语言",不同的鸣叫具有不同的意义。鸣叫行为对鸟类的集群、取食、求偶、报警等活动均有重要的影响。了解鸟类鸣叫与行为之间的关系对于鸟类行为生态学研究具有重要意义。记录了笼养条件下暗绿绣眼鸟在不同条件下的鸣叫变化。共记录和分析了暗绿绣眼的雌雄普通鸣叫、雄性报警鸣叫与引伴鸣叫、繁殖期雄性领域鸣唱、个体间求救鸣叫与应答鸣叫、种间竞争鸣叫、黑暗环境下鸣叫等8种声音。结果表明暗绿绣眼在不同的情景下会发出不同的鸣叫,鸣叫的多样性为其种群交流提供了有效的语言工具。

N-SIMPLEX方法在核磁共振参数拟合中的应用

本文介绍了N-SIMPLEX计算方法的基本思想,举例说明了该方法在NMR参数拟合中的应用。

平方根Spherical Simplex UKF在飞船姿态估计中的应用

提出了一种用矢量观测来估计飞船姿态的平方根spherical simplex unscented卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法将spherical simplex unscented变换与unscented卡尔曼滤波结合起来,与采用scaled unscented变换的unscented卡尔曼滤波相比,具有更低的计算量。其平方根形式由于协方差阵的半正定性,拥有更好的数值稳定性。飞船的姿态运动学描述采用了四元数,而用广义罗德里格斯参数来克服卡尔曼滤波过程中的四元数归一化误差。仿真结果表明,该算法比标准扩展卡尔曼滤波具有更低的姿态估计误差及更快的收敛率。

Effect of Different Treatments on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Firmiana simplex

With Firmiana simplex （L.） W. F. Wight as an experiment material, the effects of different concentrations of GA3 （Gibberellin A3）, SA （Salicylic acid） and NAA （1-Naphthalene acetic acid） and stratification on the germination rate of seeds were studied firstly, and then the effects of GA3 and NAA on seedling growth were analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate could be improved by 0.075 g/L SA and stratification markedly. It was indicated by the experiment that the growth of the main root and main stem could be promoted by 0.050 g/L and 0.077 g/L NAA, respectively. However, the leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly in the GA3 and NAA treatments.

Bacillus simplex利用啤酒废水产微生物絮凝剂及应用研究

利用啤酒废水培养微生物絮凝剂产生菌Bacillus simplex PS1,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化其利用啤酒废水产生絮凝剂的培养条件;并考察所产絮凝剂对实际废水的絮凝效果。结果表明,Bacillus simplex PS1以啤酒废水为原料产生微生物絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:啤酒废水COD浓度5 000 mg/L、KH_2PO_4 1 g/L、K_2HPO_4 2.5 g/L、初始pH值7、接种量2%(体积比)、培养温度30℃、摇床转速170 r/min、培养时间36 h。在此培养条件下,菌株所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达到96.8%,对城市污水、乳品废水、医院废水、淀粉废水、餐饮废水均具有良好的净化效果,对废水浊度去除率达到90%以上,对COD和色度的去除率达到80%以上,表明Bacillus simplex PS1利用啤酒废水所产微生物絮凝剂处理废水是完全可行的。