Computer simulation of acoustic nonlinear parameter tomography

Acoustic nonlinearity paramcter B / A is a new important parameter in ultrasonic tissue characterization. In this paper, we present the nonlinear theory of a finite amplitude plane sound wave propagating in a layer medium by Burgers' equation and apply this analysis in the case of imaging with the second harmonic wave. A computer simulation of acoustic nonlinear parameter imaging was carried out from the second harmonic data in a conventional CT algorithm. The reconstructed imagcs were obtained by using filtered back projection algorithm. The tomography of acoustic nonlinear parameter for simple phantoms was reconstructed with quite good quality.

Impacts of parameter uncertainties on deep chlorophyll maximum simulation revealed by the CNOP-P approach

Parameter uncertainty is a primary source of uncertainty in ocean ecosystem simulations.The deep chlorophyll maximum(DCM)is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon in the ocean.Using a theoretical nutrients-phytoplankton model and the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach related to parameters,we investigated the eff ects of parameter uncertainties on DCM simulations.First,the sensitivity of single parameter was analyzed.The sensitivity ranking of 10 parameters was obtained by analyzing the top four specifi cally.The most sensitive parameter(background turbidity)aff ects the light supply for DCM formation,whereas the other three parameters(nutrient content of phytoplankton,nutrient recycling coeffi cient,and vertical turbulent diff usivity)control nutrient supply.To explore the interactions among diff erent parameters,the sensitivity of multiple parameters was further studied by examining combinations of four parameters.The results show that background turbidity is replaced by the phytoplankton loss rate in the optimal parameter combination.In addition,we found that interactions among these parameters are responsible for such diff erences.Finally,we found that reducing the uncertainties of sensitive parameters could improve DCM simulations remarkably.Compared with the sensitive parameters identifi ed in the single parameter analysis,reducing parameter uncertainties in the optimal combination produced better model performance.This study shows the importance of nonlinear interactions among various parameters in identifying sensitive parameters.In the future,the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach related to parameters,especially optimal parameter combinations,is expected to greatly improve DCM simulations in complex ecosystem models.

Study of the second harmonic sound field from a circular piston source and the influence in the nonlinearity parameter tomography

In the nonlinearity parameter B/A tomography using the second harmonic wav, it is very important to analyze the ultrasonic field of the transducer, especially the generation of the second harmonic wave in the nearfield. In this paper, the theoretical study and experimental measurements of the second harmoinc pressure field from a circular piston source are performed.And the effect on the nonlinearity parameter tomograaphy is discussed. The results will be used to decrease the error of reconstruction in nonlinearity parameter tomography and bring the ultrasoinc diagnosis a step forward

Computed tomography of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A for biological tissues via difference frequency wave from a parametric array in reflection mode

Based on the finite amplitude insert-substitu- tion method, a novel technique to reconstruct the acoustic nonlinear parameter B/A tomography for biological tissues in reflection mode via the difference frequency wave generated by a parametric array is developed in this paper. An experimental system is established, and the beam pattern of the difference frequency wave is measured and compared with that excited directly from a transmitter at the same frequency. B/A tomography for several biological tissues including normal and pathological tissues, is experimentally obtained with satisfying quality. Results indicate that B/A imaging using this mode may become a novel modality in ultrasonic diagnosis.

Global modeling and simulation of vehicle to analyze the inertial parameters effects

This paper mainly studies the comparison of the global vehicle models and the effects of the inertial parameters due to the center of gravity(CG)positions when we consider that the vehicle has only one CG.This paper proposes a new nonlinear model vehicle model which considers both unsprung mass and sprung mass CG.The CG positions and inertial parameters effects are analyzed in terms of the published vehicle dynamics models.To this end,two 14 degree-of-freedom(DOF)vehicle models are developed and compared to investigate the vehicle dynamics responses due to the different CG height and inertial parameters concepts.The proposed models describe simultaneously the vehicle motion in longitudinal,lateral and vertical directions as well as roll,pitch and yaw of the vehicle about corresponding axis.The passive and active moments and the forces acting on the vehicle are also described and they are considered as a direct consequence of acceleration,braking and steering maneuvers.The proposed model M1 takes both the CG of sprung mass,unsprung mass and total vehicle mass into account.The second model M2 assumes that the vehicle is one solid body which has a single CG as reported in majority of literature.The two vehicle models are compared and analyzed to evaluate vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses under braking/acceleration and cornering maneuvers.Simulation results show that the proposed model M1 could offer analytically some abilities and driving performances,as well as improved roll and pitch in a very flexible manner compared to the second model M2.

Improved Nonlinear Equation Method for Numerical Prediction of Jominy End-Quench Curves

Without considering the effects of alloying interaction on the Jominy end-quench curves, the prediction resuits obtained by YU Bai-hai＇s nonlinear equation method for multi-alloying steels were different from those experimental ones reported in literature. Some alloying elements have marked influence on Jominy end-quench curves of steels. An improved mathematical model for simulating the Jominy end-quench curves is proposed by introducing a parameter named alloying interactions equivalent （Le）. With the improved model, the Jominy end-quench curves of steels so obtained agree very well with the experimental ones.

Effect of Multipoint Heterogeneity on Nonlinear Transformations for Geological Modeling: Porosity-Permeability Relations Revisited

An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations （e.g., porosity-permeability transforms）. The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equations within those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result is that transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology.

非线性材料仿真精度提升的研究(三)——本构模型的选择

为了提升非线性材料的仿真精度,针对不同本构模型定义橡胶材料的仿真精度进行研究,对比采用Neo-Hookean模型、Mooney-Rivlin模型、Yeoh模型、Ogden模型、Polynomical模型、Arruda-Boyce模型定义材料进行仿真的误差。首先针对标准压缩试样进行轴向压缩试验,得到轴向压缩的应力应变数据;其次将数据输入仿真软件中,采用不同本构模型进行数据拟合,得到模型参数,定义橡胶材料;然后对压缩试验进行仿真模拟,将得到的应力应变结果与试验数据进行对比,得出各模型的精度;最后针对空调室外机箱体脚垫进行仿真,选取最适合定义脚垫的本构模型。结果表明:采用Mooney-Rivlin二参数模型定义橡胶材料进行仿真,与测试结果的误差最小为3.2%,为后续非线性仿真提供了精度保障。

CNOP-P-based parameter sensitivity for double-gyre variation in ROMS with simulated annealing algorithm

Reducing the error of sensitive parameters by studying the parameters sensitivity can reduce the uncertainty of the model,while simulating double-gyre variation in Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS).Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation related to Parameter(CNOP-P)is an effective method of studying the parameters sensitivity,which represents a type of parameter error with maximum nonlinear development at the prediction time.Intelligent algorithms have been widely applied to solving Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP).In the paper,we proposed an improved simulated annealing(SA)algorithm to solve CNOP-P to get the optimal parameters error,studied the sensitivity of the single parameter and the combination of multiple parameters and verified the effect of reducing the error of sensitive parameters on reducing the uncertainty of model simulation.Specifically,we firstly found the non-period oscillation of kinetic energy time series of double gyre variation,then extracted two transition periods,which are respectively from high energy to low energy and from low energy to high energy.For every transition period,three parameters,respectively wind amplitude(WD),viscosity coefficient(VC)and linear bottom drag coefficient(RDRG),were studied by CNOP-P solved with SA algorithm.Finally,for sensitive parameters,their effect on model simulation is verified.Experiments results showed that the sensitivity order is WD>VC>>RDRG,the effect of the combination of multiple sensitive parameters is greater than that of single parameter superposition and the reduction of error of sensitive parameters can effectively reduce model prediction error which confirmed the importance of sensitive parameters analysis.

CFRP板倾斜冲击损伤的非线性超声评价

针对碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)板的倾斜冲击损伤检测问题,提出用非线性Lamb波响应进行评估,并应用ABAQUS软件中的Explicit模块,通过有限元法建立了CFRP板受到低速冲击以及损伤后的非线性超声检测的全过程仿真模型,通过低速冲击试验和非线性检测试验验证了模型的正确性。利用此模型进一步研究了冲击角度与检测距离对相对非线性系数(RANP)的影响。研究结果表明:在一定冲击角度区间中,冲击角度的增加会导致CFRP板吸收能量及分层损伤的减小,并进一步导致了RANP的降低,而RANP与检测距离的变化趋势相一致。

A semi-analytical method to compute acoustic nonlinearity parameter of Cu,Ag and Au

In this paper,a semi-analytical method was proposed to evaluate the acoustic nonlinearity parameter for single crystals of Cu,Ag and Au.The acoustic nonlinearity parameter can be derived analytically by general expressions in terms of the interatomic potentials with the distances between each pair of atoms in these transition metals.To evaluate the acoustic nonlinearity parameter,one needs to conduct one step molecular static simulation and obtain the equilibrium positions of all the atoms.Further,based on this method,numerical experiments with molecular dynamic code LAMMPS were given to compute the acoustic nonlinearity parameter of Cu,Ag and Au.To illustrate the validity of these expressions,comparison was made between calculation results and data in the literature.Reasonable agreement is observed.Because of the analytical nature of this method,it provides a fundamental understanding of the nonlinear elastic behavior of these transition metals.

两自由度含非线性约束碰撞系统的多共存吸引子研究

建立了一类两自由度含非线性约束且带有初始预压缩的碰撞振动系统模型,通过4阶Runge-Kutta数值算法及多参数协同仿真的方法研究了该系统迟滞域的发生区域和分布规律,并结合胞映射法分析了系统迟滞域内两种运动的稳定性,最后深入研究了基本参数的改变对系统迟滞域的影响。结果表明,在迟滞域内,随着激振频率的改变,共存运动的稳定性也会相应地发生改变。系统弹性刚度比的减小会使得系统迟滞域的频率相应地减小。

改进的蝗虫优化算法及其应用

针对蝗虫优化算法(GOA)收敛精度不高、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种非线性自适应模拟退火的蝗虫优化算法(SA-NGOA)。利用非线性自适应更新GOA的关键参数,更好地协调算法的全局探索和局部开发;利用模拟退火算法,以一定概率接收GOA的劣势解,提高算法的收敛精度。实验结果表明,SA-NGOA算法具有良好的优化性能。同时,将SA-NGOA算法用于扩展同步参数观测器(ESPO)参数优化,其结果表明,该算法优化后的ESPO具有更快的辨识速度和更稳定的精度。

主要设计参数对规则RC框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响

连续倒塌是指由意外事件造成工程结构的局部破坏并形成连锁反应,最终导致结构大范围破坏甚至整体倒塌,其中结构系统的冗余承载力对其抗连续倒塌性能具有显著影响。为满足工程快速评估的需要,分析、总结了主要设计参数对规则框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响规律。按照规范设计了18个典型钢筋混凝土(RC)规则框架,分别考虑了不同抗震设防烈度、结构总楼层数、结构跨度3个主要设计参数对结构冗余承载力的影响;采用纤维梁模型建立了所有典型框架的有限元模型,其中梁采用T形截面建模考虑有效翼缘宽度范围内楼板的贡献;采用非线性动力拆除构件法分析了框架在不同部位发生初始破坏时的连续倒塌响应,以及主要设计参数对结构连续倒塌影响的规律。

煤系土离散元模型宏细观参数标定及其敏感性分析

采用正交试验方法设计了离散元模型细观参数正交试验序列,利用试验模拟计算结果和多因素非线性联合反演方法,建立了由宏观力学参数直接确定细观参数的计算方法,将该方法应用于煤系土三轴试验离散元数值模拟计算。结果表明:煤系土抗剪强度随摩擦系数的增大呈线性正相关,内摩擦角随摩擦系数增大呈现指数型关系增大,黏结力随着刚度比的增大而降低,呈幂函数变化关系;摩擦系数、法向黏结强度对煤系土抗剪强度影响非常显著,而切向黏结强度、刚度比和弹性模量对煤系土抗剪强度基本没有影响。数值模拟结果与室内三轴试验的应力—应变曲线吻合较好,经过误差分析发现,偏应力峰值的最大误差为5.4%,黏聚力的误差为2%,内摩擦角的误差为7%,误差都在10%以内,表明文中提出的细观参数快速确定方法是可行的,可为离散元数值模拟方法细观参数标定提供新思路。

基于有限元仿真的机车轴桥车削工艺参数优化

通过设计轴桥的车削正交试验,由EA4T车轴钢车削时的切削力计算公式,得到不同切削速度、进给量、切削深度下切削力的大小。建立轴桥的三维模型,并用Ansys仿真软件得出多个位置的切削变形值。运用MATLAB优化算法在保证其加工质量的同时,以提升机车轴桥的车削效率为优化目标,最终得到切削三要素的最优组合。结果表明:轴桥车削时切削速度取280 m/min,进给量取0.25 mm/r,切削深度取1.093 mm时,金属切削率取得最大值,且最大值为7.584 5×104mm3/min。既能保证加工质量,又使得金属切削率最大。

模拟退火算法及其在非线性地学模型参数估计中的应用

分析了目前地理学研究中进行非线性模型参数估计的一些方法的局限 ,介绍了模拟退火算法的原理及基于 Metropolis准则的算法 ,进行了实例的应用研究 .研究结果表明 ,模拟退火算法是估计非线性模型参数的一种有效算法 ;

基于复合微粒群算法的非线性系统模型参数估计

在系统辨识理论的实际应用中根据不同的对象和建模的不同目的去选择合适的辨识算法是一件不容易的事。针对非线性系统模型的多样性,提出了适应于多种不同模型的基于复合微粒群优化算法(HPSO)的系统参数估计方法,并对多种模型实例进行了仿真研究。实验结果表明,该算法是一种有效的系统模型参数估计方法。

P-SV波和P-SH波非线性旅行时层析成像

结合各向异性介质转换波射线追踪算法、旅行时扰动方程和非线性共轭梯度算法,实现了P-SV波和PSH波非线性旅行时层析成像。利用P-SV波和P-SH波对块状异常体模型进行非线性旅行时层析成像得到了两组不同的反演结果。这两种转换波反演所得弹性模量参数结果与真实模型接近,收敛效果较好,证明了P-SV波和P-SH波非线性旅行时层析成像方法的正确性。

非线性系统参数估计的一类有效搜索策略

结合模拟退火的随机概率突跳性搜索和单纯形法的凸多面体几何搜索 ,提出了非线性系统参数估计的一类有效搜索策略 .通过对多种非线性定常系统的多维参数估计和非线性时变水箱系统的参数与时滞在线联合估计的仿真研究 ,验证了该方法的可行性。