Computer simulation of acoustic nonlinear parameter tomography

Acoustic nonlinearity paramcter B / A is a new important parameter in ultrasonic tissue characterization. In this paper, we present the nonlinear theory of a finite amplitude plane sound wave propagating in a layer medium by Burgers' equation and apply this analysis in the case of imaging with the second harmonic wave. A computer simulation of acoustic nonlinear parameter imaging was carried out from the second harmonic data in a conventional CT algorithm. The reconstructed imagcs were obtained by using filtered back projection algorithm. The tomography of acoustic nonlinear parameter for simple phantoms was reconstructed with quite good quality.

Impacts of parameter uncertainties on deep chlorophyll maximum simulation revealed by the CNOP-P approach

Parameter uncertainty is a primary source of uncertainty in ocean ecosystem simulations.The deep chlorophyll maximum(DCM)is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon in the ocean.Using a theoretical nutrients-phytoplankton model and the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach related to parameters,we investigated the eff ects of parameter uncertainties on DCM simulations.First,the sensitivity of single parameter was analyzed.The sensitivity ranking of 10 parameters was obtained by analyzing the top four specifi cally.The most sensitive parameter(background turbidity)aff ects the light supply for DCM formation,whereas the other three parameters(nutrient content of phytoplankton,nutrient recycling coeffi cient,and vertical turbulent diff usivity)control nutrient supply.To explore the interactions among diff erent parameters,the sensitivity of multiple parameters was further studied by examining combinations of four parameters.The results show that background turbidity is replaced by the phytoplankton loss rate in the optimal parameter combination.In addition,we found that interactions among these parameters are responsible for such diff erences.Finally,we found that reducing the uncertainties of sensitive parameters could improve DCM simulations remarkably.Compared with the sensitive parameters identifi ed in the single parameter analysis,reducing parameter uncertainties in the optimal combination produced better model performance.This study shows the importance of nonlinear interactions among various parameters in identifying sensitive parameters.In the future,the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach related to parameters,especially optimal parameter combinations,is expected to greatly improve DCM simulations in complex ecosystem models.

Study of the second harmonic sound field from a circular piston source and the influence in the nonlinearity parameter tomography

In the nonlinearity parameter B/A tomography using the second harmonic wav, it is very important to analyze the ultrasonic field of the transducer, especially the generation of the second harmonic wave in the nearfield. In this paper, the theoretical study and experimental measurements of the second harmoinc pressure field from a circular piston source are performed.And the effect on the nonlinearity parameter tomograaphy is discussed. The results will be used to decrease the error of reconstruction in nonlinearity parameter tomography and bring the ultrasoinc diagnosis a step forward

Computed tomography of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A for biological tissues via difference frequency wave from a parametric array in reflection mode

Based on the finite amplitude insert-substitu- tion method, a novel technique to reconstruct the acoustic nonlinear parameter B/A tomography for biological tissues in reflection mode via the difference frequency wave generated by a parametric array is developed in this paper. An experimental system is established, and the beam pattern of the difference frequency wave is measured and compared with that excited directly from a transmitter at the same frequency. B/A tomography for several biological tissues including normal and pathological tissues, is experimentally obtained with satisfying quality. Results indicate that B/A imaging using this mode may become a novel modality in ultrasonic diagnosis.

Global modeling and simulation of vehicle to analyze the inertial parameters effects

This paper mainly studies the comparison of the global vehicle models and the effects of the inertial parameters due to the center of gravity(CG)positions when we consider that the vehicle has only one CG.This paper proposes a new nonlinear model vehicle model which considers both unsprung mass and sprung mass CG.The CG positions and inertial parameters effects are analyzed in terms of the published vehicle dynamics models.To this end,two 14 degree-of-freedom(DOF)vehicle models are developed and compared to investigate the vehicle dynamics responses due to the different CG height and inertial parameters concepts.The proposed models describe simultaneously the vehicle motion in longitudinal,lateral and vertical directions as well as roll,pitch and yaw of the vehicle about corresponding axis.The passive and active moments and the forces acting on the vehicle are also described and they are considered as a direct consequence of acceleration,braking and steering maneuvers.The proposed model M1 takes both the CG of sprung mass,unsprung mass and total vehicle mass into account.The second model M2 assumes that the vehicle is one solid body which has a single CG as reported in majority of literature.The two vehicle models are compared and analyzed to evaluate vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses under braking/acceleration and cornering maneuvers.Simulation results show that the proposed model M1 could offer analytically some abilities and driving performances,as well as improved roll and pitch in a very flexible manner compared to the second model M2.

Improved Nonlinear Equation Method for Numerical Prediction of Jominy End-Quench Curves

Without considering the effects of alloying interaction on the Jominy end-quench curves, the prediction resuits obtained by YU Bai-hai＇s nonlinear equation method for multi-alloying steels were different from those experimental ones reported in literature. Some alloying elements have marked influence on Jominy end-quench curves of steels. An improved mathematical model for simulating the Jominy end-quench curves is proposed by introducing a parameter named alloying interactions equivalent （Le）. With the improved model, the Jominy end-quench curves of steels so obtained agree very well with the experimental ones.

Effect of Multipoint Heterogeneity on Nonlinear Transformations for Geological Modeling: Porosity-Permeability Relations Revisited

An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations （e.g., porosity-permeability transforms）. The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equations within those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result is that transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology.

CNOP-P-based parameter sensitivity for double-gyre variation in ROMS with simulated annealing algorithm

Reducing the error of sensitive parameters by studying the parameters sensitivity can reduce the uncertainty of the model,while simulating double-gyre variation in Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS).Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation related to Parameter(CNOP-P)is an effective method of studying the parameters sensitivity,which represents a type of parameter error with maximum nonlinear development at the prediction time.Intelligent algorithms have been widely applied to solving Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP).In the paper,we proposed an improved simulated annealing(SA)algorithm to solve CNOP-P to get the optimal parameters error,studied the sensitivity of the single parameter and the combination of multiple parameters and verified the effect of reducing the error of sensitive parameters on reducing the uncertainty of model simulation.Specifically,we firstly found the non-period oscillation of kinetic energy time series of double gyre variation,then extracted two transition periods,which are respectively from high energy to low energy and from low energy to high energy.For every transition period,three parameters,respectively wind amplitude(WD),viscosity coefficient(VC)and linear bottom drag coefficient(RDRG),were studied by CNOP-P solved with SA algorithm.Finally,for sensitive parameters,their effect on model simulation is verified.Experiments results showed that the sensitivity order is WD>VC>>RDRG,the effect of the combination of multiple sensitive parameters is greater than that of single parameter superposition and the reduction of error of sensitive parameters can effectively reduce model prediction error which confirmed the importance of sensitive parameters analysis.

非线性材料仿真精度提升的研究(三)——本构模型的选择

为了提升非线性材料的仿真精度,针对不同本构模型定义橡胶材料的仿真精度进行研究,对比采用Neo-Hookean模型、Mooney-Rivlin模型、Yeoh模型、Ogden模型、Polynomical模型、Arruda-Boyce模型定义材料进行仿真的误差。首先针对标准压缩试样进行轴向压缩试验,得到轴向压缩的应力应变数据;其次将数据输入仿真软件中,采用不同本构模型进行数据拟合,得到模型参数,定义橡胶材料;然后对压缩试验进行仿真模拟,将得到的应力应变结果与试验数据进行对比,得出各模型的精度;最后针对空调室外机箱体脚垫进行仿真,选取最适合定义脚垫的本构模型。结果表明:采用Mooney-Rivlin二参数模型定义橡胶材料进行仿真,与测试结果的误差最小为3.2%,为后续非线性仿真提供了精度保障。

模拟退火算法及其在非线性地学模型参数估计中的应用

分析了目前地理学研究中进行非线性模型参数估计的一些方法的局限 ,介绍了模拟退火算法的原理及基于 Metropolis准则的算法 ,进行了实例的应用研究 .研究结果表明 ,模拟退火算法是估计非线性模型参数的一种有效算法 ;

基于复合微粒群算法的非线性系统模型参数估计

在系统辨识理论的实际应用中根据不同的对象和建模的不同目的去选择合适的辨识算法是一件不容易的事。针对非线性系统模型的多样性,提出了适应于多种不同模型的基于复合微粒群优化算法(HPSO)的系统参数估计方法,并对多种模型实例进行了仿真研究。实验结果表明,该算法是一种有效的系统模型参数估计方法。

P-SV波和P-SH波非线性旅行时层析成像

结合各向异性介质转换波射线追踪算法、旅行时扰动方程和非线性共轭梯度算法,实现了P-SV波和PSH波非线性旅行时层析成像。利用P-SV波和P-SH波对块状异常体模型进行非线性旅行时层析成像得到了两组不同的反演结果。这两种转换波反演所得弹性模量参数结果与真实模型接近,收敛效果较好,证明了P-SV波和P-SH波非线性旅行时层析成像方法的正确性。

非线性系统参数估计的一类有效搜索策略

结合模拟退火的随机概率突跳性搜索和单纯形法的凸多面体几何搜索 ,提出了非线性系统参数估计的一类有效搜索策略 .通过对多种非线性定常系统的多维参数估计和非线性时变水箱系统的参数与时滞在线联合估计的仿真研究 ,验证了该方法的可行性。

航空发动机仿真模型参数自适应校正

采用修正因子方法建立自适应仿真模型，运用改进的共轭梯度算法求解非线性规划问题，依据发动机台架试车和空中试飞测量数据，对发动机仿真模型的部件特性参数进行校正，使模型的计算输出与试验测量数据吻合。应用本文方法对某型双转子加力涡喷发动机仿真模型进行校正，获得了满意的仿真精度。

铸造过程温度场的数值模拟

结合材料变温过程材料热物性参数的变化,利用ANSYS软件对几何外形复杂的铸件在铸造过程中的温度场进行了模拟,得到了铸件温度随时间的分布关系。模拟结果较真实地反映了铸造系统温度的变化过程,且运算速度较快,从而可预测缩孔、缩松等缺陷出现的可能性及位置,为优化铸造工艺方案提供科学指导。

基于LS-SVM的非线性预测控制技术

探讨了利用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)进行非线性系统辨识的方法,LS-SVM用等式约束代替传统支持向量机中不等式约束,求解过程从解QP问题变成解一组等式方程.将得到的LS-SVM模型应用到非线性预测控制,提出了基于LS-SVM模型的非线性预测控制算法.通过CSTR过程仿真表明,最小二乘支持向量机学习速度快,在小样本情况下具有良好的非线性建模和泛化能力.基于LS-SVM的预测控制算法具有很好的控制性能.

遗传算法在水电机组调速器PID参数优化中的应用

水轮发电控制是一个复杂的动态过程,特别是对大型机组,控制策略和优化算法的选取对机组的性能尤为重要.为了获取不同工况下水轮发电机组调速器的优化参数,首先建立了一种机组的非线性全数字仿真模型.结合调节系统的特点,提出了一种新的反映系统综合性能指标的适应度函数,利用遗传算法对自适应变参数PID调速器的3个参数bt,Td,Tn进行了优化.具体实施优化过程中,采用了C++Builder编制遗传算法主程序;使用了Matlab中的Simulink工具箱建立机组仿真模型,交互接口通过Matlab中的引擎Engine来实现.仿真实验表明:与正交实验法寻优结果相比较,在机组的不同运行状态、不同工况下遗传算法都能获得更为理想的寻优效果.同时,该优化方法已经应用于某巨型电站的调速器中.

一种贝叶斯证据框架下支持向量机建模方法的研究

研究贝叶斯证据框架下标准支持向量机和最小二乘支持向量机的估计算法和建模方法 ,给出一种高斯核支持向量机估计算法的参数选择和调整方法 .将贝叶斯证据框架下支持向量机的建模方法应用于非线性系统的辨识 ,仿真结果表明 。

矿震震动波速度层析成像评估冲击危险的验证

矿震震动波速度层析成像,作为一种新的地球物理方法在冲击矿压危险评估领域具有广阔的应用前景,但截至目前,采用该技术评估冲击危险的现场应用研究还比较少,尤其是与传统监测手段的对比验证研究,还未见有相关文献报道.本文将层析成像技术和微震实时监测相结合,对河南义马跃进煤矿25110工作面回采过程中的P波速度进行了反演,并对比分析了该技术与传统监测手段之间的对应关系.研究结果表明,强矿震主要发生在高波速区或高波速变化梯度区;波速与数值模拟结果、钻屑量、钻孔应力值以及电磁辐射值之间存在正相关关系,且对应一致性较好,进而验证了矿震震动波速度层析成像技术评估冲击危险的可行性,同时也为进一步研究波速与应力或冲击危险的直接及定量关系提供参考.

45钢零件淬火过程温度场的ansys模拟

ansys有限元软件在温度场的模拟过程中 ,很好地结合了材料变温过程材料热物性参数的变化 ,特别适用于钢件淬火过程温度场的准确计算。通过利用ansys有限元分析软件对几何外形复杂的 4 5钢零件淬火过程温度场进行有限元模拟 ,得到了零件温度随淬火时间的分布关系。模拟结果与实际过程一致 ,且运算速度较快 ,适用于淬火液的选取及淬火工艺的优化 ,并为精确计算淬火过程中的热应力。