Total intravenous general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway for transurethral resection of bladder tumor

<正>Objective:To observe the advantage of total intravenous anesthesia for transurethral resec- tion of bladder tumor(TURBT).Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients undergoing TURBT were randomly assigned to 2groups.Spinal anesthesia with 0.75% purebupivacaine(8-12mg)was applied to patients in GroupⅠ(n=30).Patients in GroupⅡ(n=30)received total intravenous anesthesia with continuous in- fusion of Propofol and Remifentanil;and a laryngeal mask was used to ensure the airway and ventilation. BP,HR,SPO_2 and pertinent side effects were monitored and recorded.Results:The patients in groupⅡexperienced more stable hemodynamics than those in groupⅠ.Obturator nerve reflex was observed in 15 (50.0~%)patients in GroupⅠ,but none(0%)in GroupⅡ(P<0.01).Conclusion:Total intravenous anesthesia with laryngeal mask is a safe,reliable,controllable and simple manual for patient undergoing TURBT.

Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR-BT)is a very rare complication,and it may result in rupture of the bladder,which usually requires surgical correction and causes a potential threat to the patient’s life.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports a case of intravesical explosion during TUR-BT.Combined with the literature review,the risk factors are analyzed and measures of prevention and treatment are discussed.CONCLUSION Although rare,intravesical explosions can cause serious consequences,and the loud explosion can also lead to a profound psychological shadow on the patient.Urologists must be aware of this potential complication.Careful operative techniques and special precautions can reduce the risk of this complication.

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours: Results and Outcomes

Aim: This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutive characteristics of patients with bladder tumors who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) at a urology center in Douala, Cameroon. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from 2015 to 2019 on 32 patients with bladder tumors that were managed at the Centre medico-chirugical d’urologie in Douala, Cameroon. The relevant data were obtained from patients’ clinical records. Results: A total of 32 patients (25 men and 7 women) aged 29 - 75 years were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 58.63 ± 11.00 years. Among our study participants, there were 10 smokers (31.25%). Eight (25%) of them had occupational exposure while 2 (6.25%) had residential exposure to bladder cancer. Thirty (93.75%) presented with hematuria, 2 (6.25%) presented with recurrent urinary tract infections, and 1 (3.13%) presented with acute urinary colic. Nineteen (59.38%) of them were anemic, with 4 (12.5%) requiring blood transfusions. Twenty-seven (84.38%) of them had pedunculated tumors while 5 (15.62%) had sessile tumors. The tumor diameters ranged from 1 cm to 5 cm, with a mean diameter of 2.75 ± 1.22 cm. Complete resection was performed in 27 (84.38%) participants while partial resection was performed in 5 (15.62%) patients. The early single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin was performed in 8 (25%) patients. Only one (3.13%) patient had a postoperative complication, and seven (21.88%) patients experienced tumor recurrence and underwent a second TURBT. Two (6.25%) of the 32 patients died and 30 (93.75%) survived. Conclusion: TURBT is the gold standard method of managing bladder tumors. This procedure is at the same time diagnostic and therapeutic for tumors that do not invade the walls of the urinary bladder.

Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer:a clinical practice guideline(2021 edition)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.

Searching for the Lost Ostium: A Morphometric Analysis of the Ureteral Ostia Distribution in Normal and Thickened Bladders and Its Applications in Endourology

Introduction: The ureteral ostia may not be easily identified in urological endoscopic procedures, leading to an incomplete diagnosis of urinary tract diseases or a predisposition to iatrogenic lesions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anatomical distribution of ureteralostia in normal bladders and those with thickened walls. Materials and Methods: We dissected 30 vesical-prostate blocks from human cadavers and identified the ostia of the bladder trigone. A computerized morphometric analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the detrusor muscle, the distances between the ureteral ostia themselves and the distances between each ureteral ostium (left—LUO and right—RUO) and the internal urethral ostium (IUO). The angle formed between the IUO and LUO/RUO was also recorded as well as the volume of the prostates. Results: Fifteen bladders with a non-thickened detrusor (6 mm) were identified. The average prostatic volume of the dissected blocks was 23.7 cm3. The distance between ureteral ostia, the distance from IUO to LUO, the distance from IUO to RUO and the angle formed between IUO and LUO/RUO in normal and thickened bladder were, respectively, 1.9 cm/2.2 cm (p = 0.09), 1.6 cm/1.6 cm (p = 0.82), 1.6 cm/1.7 cm (p = 0.79) and 77/91 (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Our study shows that there is no significant difference in the position of bladder ostia in healthy and thickened bladders. We believe that our findings may facilitate locating the ureteral orifices in situations where endoscopic identification is difficult.

Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Electrosurgical Resection for Recurrent Bladder Cancer

Bladder tumor is characterized by recurrent recurrence and distant metastasis,which determines the difficulty of completely curing bladder tumor.In recent years,the number of patients with bladder cancer is increasing,and the treatment of bladder cancer has become an important direction of clinical research.It is difficult to control bladder tumor by traditional therapy.Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as a new optical therapy,has gradually become the main method in clinical treatment of bladder tumor combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.In this paper,a patient with superficial recurrent bladder tumor was treated by photodynamic therapy combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.The advantages of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of bladder tumor and the selection of photosensitizer in the process of photodynamic therapy were discussed.After two recurrences,the patients chose photodynamic therapy.The tumors were resected one by one,and the wound was coagulated by roller electrode.After the drug was retained for 20 minutes,the bladder was empty.The spherical optical fiber was implanted into the bladder.The photodynamic energy was adjusted(light power 1.8 W,light time 1302 s).There was no recurrence after operation.Most bladder tumors are superficial tumors,and bladder is a cavity organ,which determines that bladder is an ideal organ for photodynamic therapy.As a targeted drug,photosensitizer is only absorbed by bladder tumor after being perfused into bladder.The photosensitizer forms reactive oxygen species through oxygen and kills tumor cells.Clinical practice has proved that PDT has its unique advantages for superficial and recurrent bladder tumors.As the first generation photosensitizer,xipofen also has selectivity in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Mechanism research of pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer

Objective:Investigate the mechanism of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer, thus to provide assistance for clinical therapy of superficial bladder cancer.Methods:A total of 90 cases of patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in our hospital were selected, and randomly divided to be control group and combination group, 45 cases for each. For patients in control group, treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation was provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. For patients in combination group, combined treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection were provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions of patients in each group were detected before and after treatment.Results: No statistical difference showed on T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions between two groups of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after treatment. Compared with prior treatment, CD8+, cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly increased in two groups of patients after treatment, while T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) were significantly decreased. Differences showed statistical significance. After combined treatment given, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) in combination group were significantly higher than in control group after treatment, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP), CD8+, liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly lower than in control group after treatment. Differences between the two groups showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Combination of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection could enhance immune functions, improve inflammatory reactions and decrease chemotherapeutics toxicities for patients with superficial bladder cancer. It is of great significance on clinical therapy for those patients.

经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术的离体动物模型实验研究

目的探讨电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械经尿道协同操作实施膀胱肿瘤整块切除的可行性,为该技术的临床应用提供参考。方法自行设计加工的经尿道单孔PORT、Olympus电子膀胱软镜作为观察镜,Φ1.8 mm软性抓钳作为协助显露器械及腹腔镜操作器械(组织剪、电钩、超声刀等),以离体猪膀胱为模型,经尿道放置自制单孔PORT,置入Olympus电子膀胱软镜观察膀胱内壁全貌及黏膜情况,在膀胱腔内设定病变部位,再经电子膀胱软镜的工作通道插入软性抓钳钳夹提拉待切除黏膜,并在目标位带张力固定,保持满意的观察视野,术者左手持膀胱软镜,右手操作腹腔镜器械经PORT进入膀胱腔,在软镜监视及软性抓钳提拉协同下,模拟剪切、推拨动作,实现对病变黏膜的整块切除。结果在2个离体猪膀胱模型上成功切除了4个不同部位的病灶处黏膜。结论体外实验显示电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械实施经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术,在不额外增加经皮膀胱切口医源性膀胱损伤的条件下,实现了多种器械协同作用下的切除效果,该方法处理膀胱肿瘤可行,进一步优化后具有临床应用潜力。

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术的临床意义

目的探讨非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗的临床效果。方法选取82例NMIBC患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,各41例。对照组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗,观察组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗。比较2组手术情况、炎症因子水平、氧化应激因子、病理诊断准确率及并发症。结果观察组肉眼血尿时间[(1.29±0.23)d]、尿管留置时间[(2.35±0.27)d]、术后膀胱冲洗时间[(1.42±0.25)d]较对照组短,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)[(67.25±6.19)pg/mL]、C反应蛋白(CRP)[(17.25±2.19)mg/L]及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)[(40.39±4.28)pg/mL]水平较对照组低,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后丙二醛(MDA)[(5.74±1.05)mmol/L]水平低于对照组,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)[(105.96±9.58)μmol/L]及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)[(70.14±6.23)pg/mL]水平较对照组高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组病理诊断准确率[90.24%(37/41)]高于对照组,并发症发生率[4.88%(2/41)]低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗NMIBC较TURBT效果更佳,能够减轻手术创伤,缩短肉眼血尿、尿管留置时间,减轻炎症反应及氧化应激反应,且切除标本更符合病理分期要求,安全可靠。

Holmium laser versus conventional transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

Background Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor （TURBT） remains the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. Laser techniques have been widely used in urology. This analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of holmium resection of the bladder tumor （HoLRBT）vs. TURBT. Methods A systemic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library as well as manual bibliography searches were performed to identify the relevant studies. The pooled estimates of operation time, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, bladder irrigation rate, catheterization time, hospital stay, and one- and two-year recurrence free survivals were calculated. Results Five studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed in the operation time between groups （weighted mean difference （WMD） 1.01, 95% confidential interval （95% CI） -3.52-5.54, P=0.66）. The significant difference in the obturator nerve reflex （OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, P=0.004）, bladder perforation （OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, P=-0.009）, bladder irrigation （OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45, P=0.001）, catheterization time （WMD -0.96, 95% C1-1.11 to-0.82, P 〈0.00001）, and hospital stay （WMD-1.46, 95% C1-1.65 to-1.27, P 〈0.00001）showed advantages of HoLRBT over TURBT. The 2-year recurrence free survival rate favors the HoLRBT group （OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, P=-0.04）. Conclusions As a promising technique, HoLRBT is safe and efficient, and showed several advantages over TURBT. HoLRBT can be used as an alternative procedure for TURBT in terms of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma or low-grade early TNM-stage urothelial carcinoma.

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响研究

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响。方法 将2015年1月—2022年1月在本院治疗的80例浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,对照组使用传统开放性膀胱部分切除术,观察组使用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),对比两组的各项手术指标、并发症、血清肿瘤标志物、生活质量及复发情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组尿道狭窄、膀胱穿孔、膀胱痉挛、闭孔神经反射等并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6个月的CEA、CA125、BTA、VEGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1年复发率低于对照组,术后1年的EORTC QLQ-C30评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TURBT治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效显著,创伤小,肿瘤根治效果好,术后可明显降低肿瘤标志物水平,减少远期复发,提高生存质量。

微信平台健康教育对膀胱癌患者术后生活质量与生活能力的影响

目的探讨微信平台健康教育对膀胱癌患者术后生活质量与日常生活活动能力的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月于连云港市第二人民医院行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的膀胱癌患者68例,根据出院时间先后顺序分为试验组与对照组,每组34例。对照组患者采用常规延续性护理,试验组患者在此基础上采用微信平台健康教育,比较2组患者的健康认知问卷评分、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、自我护理能力量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、生活质量(SF-36量表)。结果与对照组相比,试验组患者干预后的健康认知评分包括药物认知评分、疾病认知评分、健康生活方式评分及生活能力评分均明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组的自我护理能力评分相比,试验组明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预结束1 d,2组患者HAMD、HAMA评分较干预前下降;且与对照组相比,试验组患者干预结束1 d HAMD、HAMA评分均较低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组患者干预后的生活质量评分包括躯体功能评分、心理功能评分、社会功能评分明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微信平台健康教育可提高膀胱癌患者术后健康认知,提高患者的自护水平和生活能力,改善患者心理状态与生活质量,干预效果良好,值得推荐。

经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块剜除术治疗非浸润性膀胱癌的临床效果

目的探讨经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块剜除术(ERBT)治疗非浸润性膀胱癌的临床效果。方法将60例非浸润性膀胱癌患者随机分为研究组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。对照组给予经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)治疗,研究组给予ERBT治疗,比较两组的围手术期指标、并发症及复发情况。结果研究组手术时间、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间及住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率、复发率分别为6.67%、3.33%,低于对照组的30.00%、26.67%(P<0.05)。结论与TURBT治疗相比,ERBT治疗非浸润性膀胱癌能够明显缩短膀胱冲洗时间、手术时间、尿管留置时间及住院时间,减少术中出血量,降低并发症发生率及复发率。

不同剂量丙泊酚复合依托咪酯对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者麻醉效果及机体血流动力学参数的影响

目的探讨不同剂量丙泊酚复合依托咪酯对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者麻醉效果及机体血流动力学参数的影响。方法选取2019年9月至2022年9月收治的100例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗的患者,均接受全身麻醉,根据丙泊酚复合依托咪酯使用剂量不同将其分为A组和B组,各50例。A组采用1.5 mg/kg丙泊酚复合0.075 mg/kg依托咪酯,B组采用1 mg/kg丙泊酚复合0.075 mg/kg依托咪酯。比较两组的麻醉效果。结果麻醉诱导时(T_(1))~术毕(T_(4)),A组的改良警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)评分高于B组(P<0.05)。T_(1)~T_(4),A组的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)低于B组(P<0.05)。T_(4),A组的C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平低于B组(P<0.05)。两组的苏醒时间、拔管时间、恢复室滞留时间及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论1.5 mg/kg丙泊酚复合0.075 mg/kg依托咪酯可提高经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者的麻醉效果,维持机体血流动力学参数稳定,减轻机体炎症反应,且不增加不良反应发生率,术后麻醉恢复质量也较高,值得推广。

矛头蝮蛇血凝酶对膀胱癌TURBT术后止血的应用价值

目的观察矛头蝮蛇血凝酶对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后止血的应用效果。方法选取98例行TURP手术治疗的膀胱癌患者,按照随机数字表法分为两组。常规组49例,术后予以常规电凝止血,试验组49例,术后经局部加用矛头蝮蛇血凝酶止血,比较两组的止血效果、凝血功能及预后情况。结果治疗后,试验组的术后出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿液转清时间及导尿管留置时间均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的APTT、PT、TT以及PAI-1、t-PA略高于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,试验组BC、Qmax均高于常规组,BSSS评分、术后并发症发生率低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论TURBT术后局部加用矛头蝮蛇血凝酶可在不影响患者凝血功能及纤溶系统功能的情况下,产生显著止血效果,对促进患者术后膀胱功能恢复并降低并发症发生风险均有积极意义。

经尿道等离子电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探究经尿道等离子电切手术治疗膀胱肿瘤的临床效果及其安全性。方法方便选取2021年1月—2023年8月江苏省盱眙县人民医院收治的65例膀胱肿瘤患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组32例,开展膀胱部分切除手术;观察组33例,开展经尿道等离子电切手术。对比两组手术指标、术后并发症发生率及复发率。结果观察组手术时间、导尿时间、住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率及复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论经尿道等离子电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的临床效果显著,可以优化手术指标,减少术后并发症,减少复发。

经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的治疗效果及术后复发影响因素分析

目的为了探究对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术的疗效,并分析影响术后复发的因素。方法选取2017年5月—2021年5月在博尔塔拉蒙古自治州人民医院接受治疗的100例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,行回顾性分析,依照手术方式进行分组,将50例患者分为观察组,行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术,另外50例患者归入对照组,行经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术,对比两组患者围术期指标、并发症发生率及复发率。随后依照患者2年内的复发情况分为两个亚组,即复发组(n=19)和非复发组(n=81),分析其复发影响因素。结果两组患者手术时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者尿管留置及术后住院时间、并发症发生率及复发率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非复发组与复发组患者TNM分期、手术方式、组织分化程度、肿瘤数量对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:TNM分期、手术方式、组织分化程度为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后复发的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论对于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者而言,经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术对患者损伤程度较低,可促进患者早日康复,且能够降低患者并发症发生率及复发率。另外,TNM分期、手术方式、组织分化程度属于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后复发影响的独立因素,因此对TNM分期和组织分化程度较低的患者给予重视,并尽量选择经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术进行治疗。

Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer

Recent innovations in thulium laser techniques have allowed application in the treatment of bladder cancer.Laser en bloc resection of bladder cancer is a transurethral procedure that may offer an alternative to the conventional transurethral resection procedure.We conducted a review of basic thulium laser physics and laser en bloc resection procedures and summarized the current clinical literature with a focus on complications and outcomes.Literature evidence suggests that thulium laser techniques including smooth incision,tissue vaporization,and en bloc resection represent feasible,safe,and effective procedures in the treatment of bladder cancer.Moreover,these techniques allow improved specimen orientation and accurate determination of invasion depth,facilitating correct diagnosis,restaging,and reevaluation of the need for a second resection.Nonetheless,large-scale multicentre studies with longer follow-up are warranted for a robust assessment.The present review is meant as a quick reference for urologists.

两种麻醉方式对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者闭孔神经反射和术后恢复的影响

目的观察超声引导下改良闭孔神经阻滞(ONB)联合瑞马唑仑麻醉对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)患者闭孔神经反射(ONR)和术后恢复的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2021年6月秦皇岛医院收治的行TURBT术的膀胱肿瘤患者100例,根据ONB方式的不同将其分为常规组(椎管内麻醉+传统ONB麻醉)50例,超声组(椎管内麻醉+超声引导下改良ONB联合瑞马唑仑麻醉)50例。比较两组围术期指标、不同时间点血流动力学指标、术中ONR发生情况、并发症、麻醉不良反应。结果与常规组比较,超声组ONB时间、手术时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间均缩短,术中出血量减少(P<0.05)。给药后30 min(T1)、手术结束时(T2)时与常规组比较,超声组平均动脉压(MAP)、氧饱和度(SaO 2)升高(P<0.05)。与常规组比较,超声组术中ONR、膀胱出血发生率降低,术后心动过缓、恶心呕吐发生率降低(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下改良ONB联合瑞马唑仑麻醉可有效改善TURBT术围术期指标,减少术中ONR、膀胱出血,且对血流动力学影响小,术后麻醉不良反应少。

经尿道膀胱肿瘤内镜下粘膜剥离术对患者循环肿瘤细胞的影响

目的:探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤内镜下粘膜剥离术对患者循环肿瘤细胞数量的影响。方法:入组38例非肌层浸润型膀胱肿瘤患者,分为经尿道膀胱肿瘤内镜粘膜下剥离术(bladder tumor-endoscopic submucosal dissection,BT-ESD)组及传统经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor,cTURBT)组,留取术前及术后患者外周静脉血标本,应用Cyttel^(TM)-CTC平台检测技术(即阴性富集技术结合免疫荧光原位杂交法)检测标本的循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)数量,分析两种术式围手术期外周血中CTCs计数的差异。结果:BT-ESD组患者术前及术后外周血CTCs计数差异无统计学意义(P=0.712);cTURBT组患者术后外周血循环CTCs计数较术前显著升高(P<0.001);术后外周血循环肿瘤细胞计数在cTURBT组明显高于BT-ESD组(P<0.001);cTURBT组患者术后外周血CTCs计数(P=0.002)及围手术期外周血CTCs数量变化(P=0.002)与膀胱肿瘤复发密切相关。结论:与传统经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术相比,经尿道膀胱肿瘤内镜粘膜下剥离术不会显著增加循环肿瘤细胞数量。