不同光质对白芥(Sinapis alba)下胚轴愈伤组织形成和器官再生的影响(简报)(英文)

以连续白光下或黑暗中生长5天的白芥幼苗下胚轴切段为外植体(分别叫作L-外植体和D-外植体),在1mg/L NAA+2mg/L BA的MS培养基上诱导脱分化和芽的再分化。在白光、红光、蓝光和黑暗中培养,L-外植体都比D-外植体愈伤组织形成早,生长快;对于L-外植体形成愈伤组织的促进作用依次是:白光>红光>蓝光》黑暗;而对D-外植体蓝光比红光更有效。L-外植体比D-外植体芽再生的能力强得多,不同光质的作用为:白光>红光>蓝光>黑暗。

Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization Between Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L.

Electrically induced protoplast fusion was used to produce somatic hybrids between Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L. Seven hybrids were obtained and verified by the simple sequence repeat and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis of the gene fael, indicating that the characteristic bands from S. alba were present in the hybrids. The hybridity was also confirmed by chromosome number counting because the hybrids possessed 62 chromosomes, corresponding to the sum of fusion-parent chromosomes. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was predominantly normal, which led to high pollen fertility, ranging from 66% to 77%. All hybrids were grown to full maturity and could be fertilized and set seed after self-pollination or back-crosses with B. napus. The morphology of the hybrids resembled characteristics from both parental species. An analysis of the fatty acid composition in the seeds of F1 plants was conducted and the seeds were found to contain different amounts of erucic acid, ranging from 11.0% to 52.1%.

新疆野生油菜与野芥(Sinapis arvensis L.)遗传性状的比较研究

对新疆野生油菜和野芥（Sinapis arvensis L）的cpDNA,染色体数及核型,叶表皮气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数,生殖隔离,植株形态和生长发育等研究结果表明,新疆野生油菜就是野芥。鉴于野芥在我国还没有记载和报道,因此,新疆野生油菜的发现就是野芥在中国的新发现。野芥在加拿大被称为“毒草”。文章对防止野芥蔓延,野芥作为种质资源利用的可能性和在油菜起源进化中的地位等问题作了讨论。

当年生桑树(Morus alba L.)果枝叶片特征与果实性状的相关性

为揭示叶果间的内在作用规律,以桑树(Morus alba L.)当年生果枝为研究对象,分析不同大小果枝上叶片特征和果实性状的差异及其二者间的相互关系。结果表明:随着果枝由小到大,果枝上的叶片数与总叶干重显著增加,而叶形指数却无显著变化;桑葚数与总桑葚干重也有显著增加,桑葚含水量无显著变化。桑葚数与叶片数、总叶干重、总叶面积及其平均桑葚干重显著正相关。研究结果证实了果实的性状与叶片特征之间存在极密切关系。当年生果枝上的桑葚数量多少取决于果枝上的叶片总数,平均桑葚的干重则与果枝上的平均叶面积显著相关。

国外关于Sinapis arvensis L．的一些研究

本文综合叙述了国外对ＳｉｎａｐｉｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ．的研究结果，包括名称和类别、经济重要性、历史和地理分布、形态特征、生长发育、繁殖、细胞遗传学、ＳｉｎａｐｉｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ．与Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ几个种的杂交、对某些寄生物及对除草剂和其他化学物质的反应等。

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside with antioxidation activity from the root bark of Morus alba L.

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside（1） was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）,and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）.Compound 1 was identified as 2-methylene-3-methoxy-2, 5-dihydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.In addition,the antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） and 2,2′-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS） assay.The IC_（50） values were 2.49 and 0.45 mg/mL,respectively.

Radial profile of sap flow velocity in mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) in Northwest China

Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity（Js） was investigated at five depths of the xylem（1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium） in three mature Xinjiang poplar（Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis） trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier＇s design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/（dm2？d） at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem（at 8-cm depth）, which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/（dm2？d）. The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August（the mid-growing season）. Maximum differences between the lowest Js（Js,1 or Js,8） and the highest Js（Js,3 or Js,5） from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/（cm2？h）, respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile（except at 1-cm depth） were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration（ET0）. Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.

Research and Prospect of Mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Mulberry(Morus alba L.)is not only rich in nutrients,but also has medicinal value.As a drug and food,it is widely planted all over the country,with considerable yield and economic value.In recent years,it has attracted many scholars and been widely reported,and in-depth research has already been conducted.Through reviewing the literatures on mulberry,this paper summarized the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and quality evaluation of mulberry,providing some reference for the further development and utilization of mulberry.

Evaluation of the Liver Cancer Prevention of Anthocyanin Extracts from Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i>L.) Variety PR-01

This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of anthocyanins extracts (MAEs) from mulberry variety PR-01 against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. It was found that 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs treatment significantly reduced the NDEA-induced hepatic nodules incidence and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by 58.30% and 41.70% compared to the model group. Meanwhile, MAEs significantly restored the elevated the liver function enzymes, inhibited the tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels, elevated the serum interleukin-10 and interferon-γ and increased hepatic glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 enzyme activity. Moreover, 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs supplement enhanced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced the malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content by 37.90% and 44.52%. Furthermore, MAEs pretreatment maintained nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase1 stimulation and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating that MAEs exhibit effectively prevention effects against liver cancer via decreased lipid peroxidation, induced Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes and attenuating the inflammatory mediators COX-2 through NF-κB pathway. Thus, MAEs of mulberry variety PR-01 may be used as a good functional dietary supplement against liver cancer.

桑树(Morus alba L.)原位修复某尾矿区重金属污染土壤

木本植物具有根系发达、生物量大、适应性强等特点,可广泛用于重金属污染土壤修复.本文通过5年的田间修复试验,研究了桑树(Morus alba L.)对污染土壤中重金属的累积和分布特征、土壤中重金属和营养元素有效性含量的变化,来探讨桑树修复某尾矿区污染土壤中Mn、Zn和Cd等重金属的效果.研究结果表明,桑树生物量大,可用于重金属污染土壤的生态修复与景观恢复.田间种植5年后,桑树整株干重每株可达4 kg.桑树对土壤中重金属具有一定的转运和累积能力,地上部分中Cd、Zn和Mn等重金属含量明显大于根部,尤其是叶片中重金属含量明显大于枝和主干中的含量.修复5年后,桑树地上部分Zn和Mn的累积总量可达3277.7 mg·100 m-2和2422.4 mg·100 m-2,且土壤中Mn和Zn含量分别从2192.5 mg·kg-1和103.2 mg·kg-1降低至1790.0 mg·kg-1和85.94 mg·kg-1,同时土壤有效态Mn和Zn分别显著(P<0.05)降低66.0%和28.6%.然而,桑树落叶中Cd、Zn和Mn含量分别可达0.36、64.5、189.2 mg·kg-1.因此,通过定期清除桑树落叶或刈割地上部分,可防止叶片中重金属对土壤造成二次污染,同时削减土壤中重金属含量.同时,经桑树修复5年后土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著(P<0.05)降低,需定期补充相应氮、磷和钾肥来强化桑树修复尾矿区重金属污染土壤.

Studies on the Anti-inflammatory Activity of Three Extraction Processes of Bidens alba(L.) DC

[Objectives] To compare the anti-inflammatory activities of three extraction processes of the exotic plant Bidens alba(L.) DC in Lingnan(south of the Five Ridges in China).[Methods]The alcohol extracts of B.alba(L.) DC were extracted and separated with petroleum ether,chloroform and ethyl acetate respectively.The anti-inflammatory activity experiment of these three extracts was carried out with the RAW264.7 inflammatory model of mouse macrophages in vitro.[Results]When the concentration was 0.05-1.6 mg/L,the petroleum ether extract of B.alba(L.) DC produced strong inhibitory effects on nitric oxide(NO) release of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS;the inhibition of ethyl acetate extract was weak,and the chloroform extract showed no significant inhibition.[Conclusions]Petroleum ether is the best extractant for active anti-inflammatory ingredients of B.alba(L.) DC.

Correlation between Different Morus alba L. Leaf Nodes and the Change in Leaf Size or Mass

This paper aimed to explore the correlation between Morus alba L. leaf node and its size or mass change and provide a theoretical basis for the development of scientific Morus alba L. cultivation technology. During 2016-2017,the correlation between Morus alba L. leaf node and its size or mass change was investigated and researched. Results showed that through the correlation coefficient analysis,there was a weakly positive correlation between the leaf node and some indicators such as( leaf length ÷ leaf width) and petiole length,there was a weakly negative correlation between the leaf node and some indicators such as leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width) and leaf mass,and there was a weakly negative correlation between the leaf node and the other indicators; there was a highly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as Morus alba L. leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width) and( leaf length × leaf width),there was a significantly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as petiole transverse diameter in width and petiole mass,and there was a weakly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as petiole transverse diameter in thickness. In terms of significant level of difference,it was found that there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf nodes on the Morus alba L. shoots and some indicators such as leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width) and leaf mass; there was an extremely significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf mass and some indicators such as Morus alba L. leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width),petiole transverse diameter in width and petiole mass; there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf mass and the other indicators. The regression analysis was performed on the leaf node and leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width),( leaf length ÷ leaf width),petiole length,petiole diameter in width,petiole diameter in thickness,petiole mass and leaf mass. Significance F values were0. 4864,0. 1995,0. 2888,0. 3004,0. 2350,0. 2407,0. 8925,0. 5227,0. 7022 and 0. 2000,respectively,that is,there was an extremely significant difference between Morus alba L. leaf node and petiole diameter in width,there was a significant difference between Morus alba L.leaf node and petiole mass,and there was no significant difference between Morus alba L. leaf node and the other indicators. The comparative analysis of quadratic curve regression equation and linear regression equation was performed on some indicators such as leaf length,and it was found that the R value between the leaf node and petiole diameter in width was in line with the logarithmic curve regression equation,and the other R values of quadratic curve regression equation was larger than the other R values of linear regression equation,indicating that different Morus alba L. leaf nodes,leaf length,leaf mass and other indicators were in line with the quadratic curve regression equation. It was concluded that by investigating the leaf node on the Morus alba L. shoots and regression equation,we could predict the leaf size,leaf mass and other indicators,and we could take the leaf node on the Morus alba L. shoots as a main factor affecting the Morus alba L. leaf size and mass.

Selection and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different origins for ensiling Robinia pseudoacacia and Morus alba L.leaves

The objective of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria（LAB） strains from different origins and to select the best strains for ensiling Robinia pseudoacacia（RB） and Morus alba L.（MB）leaves. The LAB strains were inoculated into the extracted liquid obtained from RB and MB leaves to evaluate the fermentation products. 11 LAB strains were selected for further experiments based on the highest products of lactic or acetic acid, including 1 strain of Weissella confusa, 2 of Lactobacillus reuteri and 8 of Lactobacillus plantarum.The API 50 CH fermentation experiment indicated that all of the selected 11 LAB strains utilised most of the carbohydrates. All the strains grew at temperatures between 10 and 45℃ and at a p H of 3.5 to 4.5; however, L. reuteri F7 and F8 tolerated a p H as low as 3.0. All 11 LAB strains showed antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coil, Salmonella sp. and Acetobacter pasteurianus; however, after excluding the effect of organic acids, only F7 and F8 still exhibited antibacterial activity. The present study indicated that the selected 11 LAB strains could be used to prepare silages of RB and MB leaves, especially L. reuteri F7 and F8.

HPLC波长转换法同时测定白芥子饮片中2种活性成分含量

目的 建立HPLC波长转换法同时测定白芥子饮片中白芥子苷和芥子碱硫氰酸盐含量的方法。方法 对建立的高效液相色谱法进行方法学考察,并对收集的15批样品进行白芥子苷和芥子碱硫氰酸盐含量检测。色谱条件采用Kromasil C_(18)柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),水(含0.08 mol/L磷酸二氢钾,A)-乙腈(B)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1 ml/min;0~10 min检测波长为227 nm,10 min以后为326 nm;柱温30℃;进样量5μl。结果 白芥子苷质量浓度在7.485~74.85μg/ml(R^(2)=0.999 5,n=6),芥子碱硫氰酸盐质量浓度在0.864~8.64μg/ml范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R^(2)=0.999 2,n=6)。精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2%;白芥子苷的平均加样回收率为107.99%,RSD为1.00%(n=6),芥子碱硫氰酸盐的平均加样回收率为106.42%,RSD为1.14%(n=6)。结论 本研究建立的高效液相色谱法操作简便、结果准确可靠,可用于同时测定白芥子饮片中白芥子苷和芥子碱硫氰酸盐的含量。

Studies on the Analgesic Activity and Acute Toxicities of Bidens alba(L.) DC

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic effects and acute toxicities of Bidens alba (L.) DC.[Methods]The alcohol extract of B.alba (L.) DC was extracted and separated with petroleum ether and chloroform successively.The acute toxicities of the two extracts on mice were measured,and then the analgesic effects were measured with writhing pain model induced by acetic acid.[Results]No mice died when the crude dosages of B.alba (L.) DC from petroleum ether extract and chloroform extract were 5 016 and 5 100 mg/kg,respectively.When the petroleum ether extract was 60.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted mice induced by acetic acid was 40%,the analgesic rate was 77.5%,and the time of the first writhing was (294.0±165.8) s;when the chloroform extract was 20.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted animals was 55.6%,the analgesic rate was 51.5%,and the time of the first writhing was (273.8 ±153.4) s;and when the chloroform extract was 4.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted animals was 40%,and the analgesic rate was 62.1%,and the time of the first writhing was (370.6±231.3) s.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether extracts and chloroform extracts of B.alba (L.) DC have good analgesic effects and no acute toxicities.

桑树磷脂酶MaPLA1-2D亚型4个基因的克隆与胁迫应答分析

磷脂酶(phospholipase)是一类在植物生长发育和胁迫应答中起重要调控作用的磷脂水解酶,也是一类重要的信号转导酶。而磷脂酶A1(PLA1)在植物应答生物胁迫和非生物胁迫中的功能研究鲜见报道。研究从桑树(Morus alba L.)中克隆了磷脂酶PLA1的1个亚型MaPLA1-2D基因,对其进行了序列分析、组织表达、胁迫诱导表达和蛋白亚细胞定位分析。结果表明,桑树PLA1-2D亚型基因包括4个成员,命名为MaPLA1-2D.1~MaPLA1-2D.4。4个基因在桑树根和叶中高水平表达,蛋白亚细胞定位在叶绿体。序列和进化分析表明MaPLA1-2D基因4个成员与拟南芥AtDAD1基因的保守结构域序列具有较高相似度且进化关系紧密。MaPLA1-2D基因4个成员的启动子含有多种胁迫应答顺式元件和激素响应元件;胁迫诱导表达模式分析表明MaPLA1-2D基因表达受干旱和脱落酸处理显著诱导。以上结果说明,MaPLA1-2D基因与拟南芥DAD同源,可能在桑树非生物胁迫应答中发挥重要功能。

Characteristics of <i>Morus alba</i>L. Cultured by In-Room Hydroponics

Morus alba L., (cv Ichinose) was cultivated by in-room hydroponics. The flavor and texture of leaves were markedly improved enough to be edible. When the contents of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and polyphenols were measured in the hydroponic cultivar, DNJ increased in the leaf compared to the field grown M. alba. However, polyphenols, in contrast, decreased compared to the field cultivar. HPLC profiling revealed marked difference in leaf components between hydroponic and field cultivars indicating relative contents of lipophilic polyphenols were increased. The polyphenols contents, especially, lipophilic polyphenols in the root were remarkably high compared to So-Haku-Hi (Sang Bai Pi in Chinese). The anti-obesity effect of the hydroponically grown Morus was further studied in rats by feeding high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without supplementation of dried leaf and root powders for 15 weeks. As the result, both the leaf and root from the hydroponic cultivar showed potential anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic functions through amelioration of insulin resistance. Differential effects of leaf and root powders indicated that besides DNJ, the lipophilic polyphenols may play a crucial role in the anti-diabetic function of hydroponically grown Morus alba L. The hydroponics will provide an alternate way to cultivate a novel resource of Morus for developing functional foods and medicines.

HPLC法测定白芥子饮片中白芥子苷的含量

目的：建立测定白芥子饮片中白芥子苷含量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Sepax HP-C18，流动相为50％乙腈-水溶液（含5 mmol/L四正辛基溴化铵），流速为1.0 ml/min，检测波长为227 nm，柱温为30℃，进样量为10μl。结果：白芥子苷的检测质量浓度线性范围为0.0101～0.2024 mg/ml（r＝0.9997）；精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD＜2％；加样回收率为98.51％～104.62％，RSD＝1.90％（n＝9）。结论：该方法操作简便、结果准确可靠，可用于白芥子饮片中白芥子苷的含量测定。

HPLC法测定白芥子药材中芥子碱硫氰酸盐的含量

本文采用RP—HPLC法测定了不同产地白芥子药材中芥子碱硫氰酸盐的含量 ,方法为 :色谱柱 :Allti maPhenyl,5 μ ,2 5 0× 4.6mm ;流动相 :乙腈— 0 0 8mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液 (15 :85 ) ,检测波长 :32 6nm ;流速 :1mL/min。柱温 :室温。实验表明 ,该法快速、简便 ,具有很好的重现性和稳定性。