三峡泄滩滑坡滑动带土的Singh-mitchell蠕变方程

三峡古滑坡的变形和长期稳定的控制性因素在于滑动带土的力学特性的强度损伤积累和时间效应。为了滑坡建模和稳定数值分析的需要,进行了泄滩滑坡体滑动带土的三轴排水蠕变试验研究,给出了排水条件下粘性土的Singh mitchell蠕变方程,其中应力-应变关系采用指数函数,应变-时间关系采用幂函数。该方程参数少,能够较好的拟合试验曲线。

三峡泄滩滑坡滑动带土的改进Singh-Mitchell蠕变方程

进行了三峡泄滩滑坡体滑动带土的三轴排水蠕变试验研究,在此基础上给出了该滑动带土的 Singh-Mitchell 蠕变方程,即剪应力-应变关系采用指数函数,应变-时间关系采用幂函数来描述土体的流变性质。并根据分段拟合的思想,提出了改进的 Singh-Mitchell 蠕变方程,即在应变-时间幂函数中使用不同的幂值λ ,来分别模拟滑动带土的衰减、匀速和恒定蠕变。通过对比可知,改进 Singh-Mitchell 蠕变方程较 Singh-Mitchell 蠕变方程能更好地模拟流变性较小的滑动带粘土。

A power function model for simulating creep mechanical properties of salt rock

In this paper,a new micro-creep model of salt rock is proposed based on a linear parallel bonded model(LPBM)using the two-dimensional particle flow code(PFC2D).The power function weakening form is assumed to describe the variation of the parallel bonded diameter(PBD)over time.By comparing with the parallel-bonded stress corrosion(PSC)model,a smaller stress fluctuation and smoother creep strain−time curves can be obtained by this power function model at the same stress level.The validity and adaptability of the model to simulate creep deformation of salt rock are verified through comparing the laboratory creep test curves and the Burgers model fitting result.The numerical results reveal that this model can be capable of capturing the creep deformation and damage behavior from the laboratory observations.

基于分数阶黏壶元件的岩石损伤蠕变模型

目的为了建立一个能描述岩石蠕变全过程的蠕变模型。方法首先以分数阶黏壶元件描述岩石的黏弹性,采用基于Kachanov损伤率公式的损伤体描述岩石的粘塑性并串联一个胡克体建立成只有四个元件的蠕变模型。然后,将其本构方程推广到三维应力状态,考虑球应力,并引入一个屈服函数来准确判断岩石是否发生非稳定蠕变。最后,采用最小二乘法分析得到模型参数,用红砂岩和砂质泥岩的蠕变实验数据验证模型的有效性。结果新的蠕变模型理论曲线与实验数据曲线吻合较好,可以描述岩石蠕变的全过程。结论新的蠕变模型解决了经典模型在描述岩石蠕变时的模型复杂和参数较多的问题,对研究岩石蠕变特性具有一定的参考价值。

遗传算法下的滑坡蠕滑位移预测模型研究

滑坡位移预测是预报滑坡灾害的重要依据,以往的滑坡位移预测模型多数为时间序列预测模型、BP神经网络预测模型、Gaussian拟合预测模型以及其他一些非线性预测模型。这些滑坡位移预测模型在建立上缺乏力学理论支撑,对不同力学特性产生的滑坡位移预测分析上没有针对性。文章针对力学特性为重力蠕变型滑坡位移的预测,提出一种基于遗传优化算法的滑坡蠕滑位移非线性预测模型。以鲁家坡滑坡东侧J05监测点的累计水平位移为例,划定测试区域与预测区域进行模型预测分析,并将新模型预测结果与Gaussian拟合预测模型、BP神经网络预测模型预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,相较于传统预测模型,新模型的预测效果有所提升,有一定的工程价值与实践价值。

混凝土徐变柔度函数的高效逼近方法

混凝土徐变是引起安全壳预应力损失的主要因素之一,采用指数算法求解混凝土徐变效应时需要将混凝土徐变柔度函数采用Dirichlet级数表达,如何获得精确表征柔度函数的Dirichlet级数是实现指数算法的关键。基于连续延迟谱法,本文提出一种求解拉普拉斯逆变换的Weeks方法来逼近Dirichlet级数。对工程中常用的CEB MC90徐变模型,构建了基于Weeks方法的Dirichlet级数逼近算法,并给出了提高方法效率的相关参数取值范围。结果表明,提出的方法仅需对原混凝土徐变柔度函数求1阶导数,即可返回时域函数的显示表达式,避免了高阶求导存在计算复杂和计算效率低的问题。将本文方法计算结果与原柔度函数解析解进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。

Correlation of Cooperatively Localized Rearrangement on the ＂Fluidized Domain＂ of Polymers to Their Nonexponentially Viscoelastic Behaviors at Double Aging Processes （I）： A Set of Reduced Universal Equations on the Stress Relaxation Modulus and Creep Comp

Based on the structure of glass （or liquid） polymers consisting of α-domain, β-co-domain, and entanglement constituent chain networks, and the nonexponentially viscoelastic behavior, a “heterophase fluctuation” model was proposed. It was found that the dynamics of cooperative rearrangement on the “fluidized domain” has a great shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences. When the shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences were taken account into the cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain by the degradation of primary α-domain and the reformation of secondary β-co-domain constituent chains. A new dynamic theory of cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain constituent chains with different size and different network chain length during physical and mechanical aging was established. The total viscoelastic free en-ergy of deformation resulting from the change in conformations of α-domain, β-co-domain, crytallite, crosslinked, and trapped entanglement constituent chains during aging processes was calculated by the combining method of kinetics and statistical mechanics. The constitu- tive equations and reduced stress relaxation modulus and creep compliances for three types of polymers were also derived. Finally, two reduced universal equations on creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus with a non-linear and two nonexponential parameters α and β were theoretically derived from the dynamic theory and a statistically extended mode coupling theory for double aging effects of polymers was developed. Results show that the two reduced universal equations have the same form as Kohlraush-Williams-Watts （K-W-W） stretched exponential function. The nonlinearity and the nonexponentiality are, respectively, originated from the memory effects of nonthermal and thermal history. The correlation of nonlinearity, α and β to the aging time, aging temperature, and the mesomorphic structure of fluidized domains was also established.

Unsaturated creep tests and empirical models for sliding zone soils of Qianjiangping landslide in the Three Gorges

Creep of sliding zone soils may cause significant displacement in large-scale landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area.To investigate the effects of water on the soil creep behavior of the Qianjiangping landslide,a series of unsaturated triaxial creep tests on the sliding zone soils were performed.Based on the analyses of testing results,a new stress intensity incorporating matric suction was defined and an unsaturated Singh-Mitchell creep model was developed.Predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the established unsaturated model can reasonably simulate the effects of water on the soil creep behavior of the landslide.Finally,relationships between matric suction and the parameters of the model were analyzed.This study provides a calculation model and parameters for the evaluation of long-term stability of landslides under the influence of water.

Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature

Creep tests under at a certain temperature and different stress levels were performed on two carbon constructional quality steels at a certain stress level and different temperatures,and their creep curves at high temperature were obtained based on analyzing the testing data.Taking 45 steel at a certain temperature and stress as the example,the integral creep constitutive equation and the differential stress-strain constitutive relationship were established based on the relevant rheological model,and the integral core function was also obtained.Simultaneously,the viscous coefficients denoting the viscous behavior in visco-plastic constitutive equation were determined by taking use of the creep testing data.Then the viscous coefficients of three carbon steels(20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel) were compared and analyzed.The results show that the viscosity is different due to different materials at the same temperature and stress.

Prediction of long-term creep behaviour and lifetime of polystyrene by linear extrapolation

The universal creep function derived from the kinetic equations is successful in relating the creep (ε) to the aging time (t a), coefficient of retardation time (β), and intrinsic time (t 0). The relation was used to treat the creep experimental data for polystyrene (PS) specimens which were aged at a given temperature and different times (short term) and tested at a certain temperature and different stress levels. Then unified master lines were constructed with the treated data and curves according to the universal equation. The master lines can be used to predict the long term creep behaviour and lifetime by extrapolating to a required ultimate strain. The verifications of results obtained with this method were shown as well.

Prediction of long-term creep behavior and lifetime of PPC pipe materials by linear extrapolation

The universal creep equation relates creep behavior (ε/ε 0) to aging time (t a), coefficient of retardation time (β), and intrinsic time (t 0). The relation was used to treat the creep experimental data for pipe specimens of polypropylene block copolymer (PPC), which were aged for different days (short term) and tested under different stress levels at a certain temperature. Then unified master lines were constructed with the treated data and curves according to the universal equation. The master straight lines can be used for extrapolation to predict the long term creep behavior and lifetime of the pipe materials of PPC in the same way as plate materials.

ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE AND LIFE PREDICTION OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL UNDERHIGH TEMPERATURE FATIGUE CREEP INTERACTION CONDITION

Itis understood that grain boundary cavitation is one of the detrimental processes for thedegradation of materials that reduces the creep fatigue life at high temperatures. Anewdamagefunction based on a modelforthecreep fatiguelife prediction in termsof nucleationand growth ofgrain boundarycavitiesisproposed. Thisdamagefunctionisacombination ofthetermsrelated to the cavitational damagein thelife prediction equation and is generallyapplicabletothe materialsin which failureis controlled by the grain boundary cavitationaldamage. Thecreep fatiguedatafrom thepresentandotherinvestigationsareusedtocheckthevalidityofthe proposed function, and itisshown thattheysatisfythereliability of damagefunction. Additionally, using this damage function, one may realize that allthe Coffin Manson plotsatthevariouslevelsoftensileholdtimeandtemperatureunderstrain controlled creep fatiguetestscan be normalizedto makethe mastercurve.

Experimental Study on Stress Relaxation and Creep Properties of Human Thoracolumbar Vertebral Bodies and Intervertebral Discs

Objective:Underwater shock can produce extremely high accelerations, resulting in severe human injuries on shipboard, and human thoraco lumbar spines are prone to suffer from injuries by ship shock motion. To observe the viscoelasticity of thoracolumbar of young fresh cadavers, and to provide biomechanical parameters for both research and clinical practice. Materials and Methods:5 fresh young male cadavers (aged 22 to 31 years) were provided, and 15 thoracolumbar spinal anatomies of 5 samples were harvested within 1 hour of death. WE-10A universal testing machine was used for creep and relaxation tests.Results:Stress relaxation and creep deformation equations are derived from the biomechanics model and the measured and simulated curves are compared. The creep in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs exhibited significantly changes in the first 5 min and 10 min, respectively. The stress rapidly decreased in the first 2 min, and then gradually went balance during the relaxation process. Conclusion:The change in creep rate is significant at early stage,and gradually slows down.This indicates that the differences between internal pressure and local pressure are decreased until balance. The simulated curve derived from equation coincides with the experimental data to a large degree, which states that the equation is rational and reliable.

肠蠕医用胶贴对改善骨科长期卧床患者胃肠功能的护理效果观察

目的观察肠蠕医用胶贴对改善骨科长期卧床患者胃肠功能的护理效果。方法选取2022年1月至2022年10月南昌大学第一附属医院骨科收治的80例需长期卧床患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为胶贴组及常规组,每组40例,胶贴组采用医用胶贴护理,常规组给予常规护理。记录两组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、不良症状发生情况,以及护理满意度、生活质量评分。结果胶贴组患者术后首次排便时间、排便间隔时间短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良症状总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胶贴组护理满意度、生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOL-74)评分均高于常规组,焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肠蠕医用胶贴可缩短骨科长期卧床患者胃肠功能恢复时间,减少不良症状发生率,提高患者护理满意度和生活质量,改善心理状况。

试验条件下修正混凝土徐变系数预测模型的研究

为建立准确、可行的混凝土徐变系数预测模型,基于FIB Model Code-2010模型、ACI 209R-92模型与徐变系数实测值偏差情况,以降低参数计算量和减小误差为原则分别提出了在上述两种模型基础上引入双曲幂函数和双曲线函数拟合回归对其修正的方法,建立了徐变系数修正预测模型,并分析了修正后模型与实测关系曲线符合程度和偏差情况,最终评价了修正预测模型预测徐变系数的准确性。研究结果表明:加载早龄期的修正模型徐变系数预测值与实测值存在一定偏差,并随着混凝土强度等级提高,偏差情况愈加明显;但当持荷龄期逐渐增长后,修正模型徐变系数预测值与实测值符合程度较高,因此,采用修正后的徐变系数预测模型可较为精确的计算混凝土长期徐变系数,提高了原模型的计算准确度,具有一定的可操作性,可为混凝土结构设计和工程施工提供参考。

Creep damage constitutive model of rock based on the mechanisms of crack-initiated damage and extended damage

Since the classical element model cannot describe the nonlinear characteristics of rock during the entire compressive creep process,nonlinear elements and creep damage are generally introduced in the model to resolve this issue.However,several previous studies have reckoned that creep damage in rock only occurs in the accelerated creep stage and is only described by the Weibull distribution.Nevertheless,the creep damage mechanism of rocks is still not clearly understood.In this study,a reasonable representation of the damage variables of solid materials is presented.Specifically,based on the Gurson damage model,the damage state functions reflecting the constant creep stage and accelerated creep stage of rock are established.Further,the one-dimensional and three-dimensional creep damage constitutive equations of rock are derived by modifying the Nishihara model.Finally,the creep-acoustic emission tests of phyllite under different confining pressures are conducted to examine the creep damage characteristics of phyllite.And the proposed constitutive model is verified by analyzing the results of creep tests performed on saturated phyllite.Overall,this study reveals the relationship between the creep characteristics of rocks and the corresponding damage evolution pattern,which bridges the gap between the traditional theory and the quantitative analysis of rock creep and its damage pattern.

基于改进的Poyting-Thomson蠕变损伤模型研究

针对原Poyting-Thomson模型不能很好地反映软岩受载蠕变过程中的加速蠕变阶段问题,在原Poyting-Thomson模型的基础上,串联了一个非线性元件,依据能量损伤理论中弹性模量的变化定义损伤变量,构建了一个在软岩受载时,能描述软岩全蠕变变形特征的新蠕变模型,并通过对砂岩的单轴压缩实验来验证构建出的模型的合理性。研究表明,以砂岩试件蠕变时间35 h为分界点,35 h前实验蠕变曲线处于衰减与等速蠕变阶段,35 h后实验蠕变曲线处于加速蠕变阶段,采用ORIGIN绘图软件分别对2个阶段进行模型函数拟合,得出了拟合曲线能够较好地吻合实验蠕变曲线,函数拟合精度高,证明了该模型的合理性。

30Cr1Mo1V蠕变损伤的实验研究

在540℃和565℃温度下进行了30Cr1Mo1V的蠕变试验,采用Kachanov蠕变损伤公式、Norton蠕变损伤公式和q 函数法对蠕变实验数据进行了计算分析。采用q 函数法求得的最小蠕变速度作为Norton蠕变损伤公式中的第2阶段蠕变速度。分析结果显示,在两种温度下采用kachanov公式计算的损伤是一致的。比较Kachanov蠕变损伤公式和Norton蠕变损伤公式计算的损伤因子,发现存在较大差异。Norton公式计算表明,损伤与应力水平有关系,应力变量和损伤变量相互耦合。Kachanov计算模型只有在蠕变的时间分数小于0.7是安全的。

采用分数阶导数描述软黏土蠕变的模型

按遗传流变理论来推导软黏土的蠕变模型,提出了一种新的蠕变核函数形式的选取方法,即用修正Burgers模型的导数形式作为蠕变核函数,随着参数取值的不同,该经验模型能模拟蠕变发展到不同阶段的蠕变曲线,探讨了该模型能精确描述软黏土的蠕变变形的原因,模型具有参数少、物理意义明确,适用性强的特点,能有效地描述湛江软黏土的蠕变特性。该研究内容也是对分数阶微积分进行应用研究的一种新的尝试。

分散性土蠕变特性试验研究

采用三轴蠕变仪对宁木特水利枢纽工程黏土心墙的分散性土进行三轴固结排水试验,研究分散性土在不同初始条件下的蠕变变形规律,并获取蠕变模型及蠕变参数。试验结果表明,分散性土具有明显的非线性蠕变特征,蠕变过程可以分为瞬时弹塑性变形、衰减蠕变变形和稳定蠕变变形3个阶段;含水率、围压和偏应力水平对分散性土蠕变速率和蠕变量有显著的影响;应力-应变等时曲线具有明显的非线性特征。采用Singh-Mitchell蠕变模型和Mesri蠕变模型描述分散性土的蠕变特性,与试验数据对比表明,Mesri蠕变模型能够比较准确而方便地描述分散性土的蠕变特性,且模型具有参数少、适用性较强的特点。