Single event effects evaluation on convolution neural network in Xilinx 28 nm system on chip

Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) exhibit excellent performance in the areas of image recognition and object detection, which can enhance the intelligence level of spacecraft. However, in aerospace, energetic particles, such as heavy ions, protons, and alpha particles, can induce single event effects(SEEs) that lead CNNs to malfunction and can significantly impact the reliability of a CNN system. In this paper, the MNIST CNN system was constructed based on a 28 nm systemon-chip(SoC), and then an alpha particle irradiation experiment and fault injection were applied to evaluate the SEE of the CNN system. Various types of soft errors in the CNN system have been detected, and the SEE cross sections have been calculated. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind some soft errors have been explained. This research will provide technical support for the design of radiation-resistant artificial intelligence chips.

Single-event effects induced by medium-energy protons in 28 nm system-on-chip

Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,respectively.Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed,and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test.The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar.Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed,and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm^2 mg^-1.The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.

Identifying EGFR-Expressed Cells and Detecting EGFR Multi-Mutations at Single-Cell Level by Microfluidic Chip

EGFR mutations companion diagnostics have been proved to be crucial for the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted cancer therapies. To uncover multiple mutations occurred in minority of EGFR-mutated cells,which may be covered by the noises from majority of unmutated cells, is currently becoming an urgent clinical requirement. Here we present the validation of a microfluidic-chip-based method for detecting EGFR multimutations at single-cell level. By trapping and immunofluorescently imaging single cells in specifically designed silicon microwells, the EGFR-expressed cellswere easily identified. By in situ lysing single cells, the cell lysates of EGFR-expressed cells were retrieved without cross-contamination. Benefited from excluding the noise from cells without EGFR expression, the simple and cost-effective Sanger's sequencing, but not the expensive deep sequencing of the whole cell population, was used to discover multi-mutations. We verified the new method with precisely discovering three most important EGFR drugrelated mutations from a sample in which EGFR-mutated cells only account for a small percentage of whole cell population. The microfluidic chip is capable of discovering not only the existence of specific EGFR multi-mutations,but also other valuable single-cell-level information: on which specific cells the mutations occurred, or whether different mutations coexist on the same cells. This microfluidic chip constitutes a promising method to promote simple and cost-effective Sanger's sequencing to be a routine test before performing targeted cancer therapy.

Combination of Micro-fluidic Chip with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Single Molecule Detection

A single molecule detection technique was developed by the combination of a single channel poly （dimethylsiloxane）/glass micro-fluidic chip and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy （FCS）. This method was successfully used to determine the proportion of two model components in the mixture containing fluorescein and the rhodamine-green succinimidyl ester.

Gas concentration monitoring system for small and medium-sized coal mines based on gas-sensing detection and single-chip control

这份报纸针对气体在小、中型的煤矿引起的灾难的实际条件。为煤矿监视系统的新煤气的集中根据煤气察觉到的察觉和单个薄片的控制被开发。因为它为易燃、爆炸的气体有好敏感特征，监视系统把锡氧化物用作 N 类型半导体气体传感器的主要材料(例如甲烷，碳一氧化物) 。QM-N5-semiconductor 煤气的传感器被采用在不同煤气的集中下面检测抵抗的产量价值。故意地，系统拿数字薄片抵抗作为处理硬件结构分析并且判定输入的电路的核心珍视的 AT89C51，然后为超出煤气的集中的限制完成控制和警报。监视系统的煤气的集中有许多优点包括在结构，快反应时间，稳定的表演和低费用简单。因此，监视煤气的集中并且在小、中型的煤矿提供早警告能广泛地被用来。

A Single Mode Hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/Silicon On-Chip Laser Based on Flip-Chip Bonding Technology for Optical Interconnection

A single mode hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/silicon on-chip laser based on the flip-chip bonding technology for on-chip optical interconnection is demonstrated. A single mode Fabry-Perot laser structure with micro-structures on an InP ridge waveguide is designed and fabricated on an InP/AIGaInAs multiple quantum well epitaxial layer structure wafer by using i-line lithography. Then, a silicon waveguide platform including a laser mounting stage is designed and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The single mode laser is flip-chip bonded on the laser mounting stage. The lasing light is butt-coupling to the silicon waveguide. The laser power output from a silicon waveguide is 1.3roW, and the threshold is 37mA at room temperature and continuous wave operation.

Development of single-chip fuzzy controller based on FFSI in binary

Length and concise structure of fuzzy logic reasoning program and its real-time reasoning characteris-tic have their effect on the performance of a digital single-chip fuzzy controller. The control effect of a digitalfuzzy controller based on looking up fuzzy control responding table is only relative to the table and not relative tothe fuzzy control rules in the practical control process. Aiming at above problem and having combined fuzzy log-ic reasoning with digital operational characteristics of a single-chip microcomputer, functioning-fuzzy-subset in-ference (FFSI) in binary, in which triangle membership functions of error and error-in-change are all represen-ted in binary and singleton membership functions of control variable is binary too, has been introduced. The cir-cuit principle plans of a single-chip fuzzy controller have been introduced for development of its hardware, andthe primary program structure, fuzzy logic reasoning subroutine, serial communication subroutine with PC andreliability design of the fuzzy controller are all discussed in detail. The control of indoor temperature by a fuzzycontroller has been conducted using a testing-room thermodynamic system. Research results show that the FFSIin binary can exercise a concise fuzzy control in a single-chip fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy controller is there-fore reliable and possesses a high performance-price ratio.

A Single-Chip UHF RFID Reader Transceiver IC

A single-chip UHF RFID reader transceiver IC has been implemented in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The chip includes all transceiver blocks as RX/TX RF front-end, RX/TX analog baseband, frequency synthesizer and I2C with fully-compliant China 800/900 MHz RFID draft, ISO/IEC 18000-6C protocol and ETSI 302 208-1 local regulation. The normal mode receiver in the presence of -3 dBm self-jammer achieves -75 dBm 1% PER sensitivity. The linear class-A PA integrated in transmitter has 25 dBm OP1 dB output power for CW. The fully-integrated fractional-N fre-quency synthesizer is designed based on MASH 1-1-1 sigma-delta modulator and 1.8 GHz fundamental frequency LC-VCO for lower in-band and out-of-band phase noise. The measured phase noise is up to -106 dBc/Hz@200 kHz and -131 dBc/Hz@1 MHz offset from center frequency and the integrated RMS jitter from 10 kHz to 10 MHz is less than 1.6 pS. The chip dissipates 330 mA from 3.3 V power supply when transmitting 22.4 dBm CW signal and the PAE of linear PA is up to 26%. The chip die area is 16.8 mm2.

The Temperature Intelligence Control System Based on Single Chip-Microprocessor

The paper introduces a temperature control systembased on AT89C51 single-chip-microprocessor, and discussesthe principle , hardware structure, and software design of thissystem in detail.

The Application of Multitasking Mechanism in Single Chip Computer System

Developed a new program structure using in single chip computer system, which based on multitasking mechanism. Discussed the specific method for realization of the new structure. The applied sample is also provided.

Use of single chip microcomputer in hydraulic digital adaptive control system

Presents a one grade adaptive controller with one reference model which is built according to δ MRACS adaptive control theory and used to control an actual high order hydraulic system, and the whole hardware system used, which includes a AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, 74Ls373 flip latch, 6116 store, eight bit ADC0809, and so on, and the satisfactory results obtained in study on hydraulic control system.

Low noise,continuous-wave single-frequency 1.5-μm laser generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.

Paramagnetic Anisotropy of CdGd_2(WO_4)_(4-δ) Single Crystal

CdGd2 （WO4）4 -δ single crystal was grown using the Czochralski＇s method. The crystal structure was tetragonal seheelite with lattice parameters a = b = 0.5203 nm and c = 1. 1359 nm. There were vacancies of （WO4）^2- , therefore, there were some Gd^2＋ ions. Langevin paramagnetism and anisotropy were observed from the δ-T curves at room temperature. The susceptibility X//was 3.5018×10^-3, and X⊥ was 3.4403× 10^-2. The anisotropy was also observed in the electron spin resonance （ESR） experiments. The anisotropic Land6 factors were g//= 2. 1333 and g~ = 2. 8411. The direction of easy magnetization was in the α-b plane. Anisotropic paramagnetic Curie constants C//and C⊥ were not only related to macroscopic a that was observed through the experiment, but were also related to J⊥ and J//, which were the microscopic quantum numbers of the Gd^2＋ and Gd^3｜ ions. Based on the detailed analyses, the proportion of 36.8% of Gd^3＋ ions to 63.2% of Gd^2＋ ions in the Gd ions of the CdGd2（WO4）4-δ crystal was calculated, and δ was 0.638 in the single crystal.

Proper In deposition amount for on-demand epitaxy of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots

The test-QD in-situ annealing method could surmount the critical nucleation condition of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots（SQDs） to raise the growth repeatability.Here,through many growth tests on rotating substrates,we develop a proper In deposition amount（θ） for SQD growth,according to the measured critical θ for test QD nucleation（θ;）.The proper ratio θ/θ;,with a large tolerance of the variation of the real substrate temperature(T;),is 0.964-0.971 at the edge and> 0.989 but < 0.996 in the center of a 1/4-piece semi-insulating wafer,and around 0.9709 but < 0.9714 in the center of a 1/4-piece N;wafer as shown in the evolution of QD size and density as θ/θ;varies.Bright SQDs with spectral lines at 905 nm-935 nm nucleate at the edge and correlate with individual 7 nm-8 nm-height QDs in atomic force microscopy,among dense 1 nm-5 nm-height small QDs with a strong spectral profile around 860 nm-880 nm.The higher T;in the center forms diluter,taller and uniform QDs,and very dilute SQDs for a proper θ/θ;:only one 7-nm-height SQD in25 μm;.On a 2-inch（1 inch = 2.54 cm） semi-insulating wafer,by using θ/θ;= 0.961,SQDs nucleate in a circle in 22%of the whole area.More SQDs will form in the broad high-T;region in the center by using a proper θ/θ;.

SF VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM WITH TWO SINGLE CHIP MICROPROCESSORS

This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed from SPWM-GTR inverter.The whole system is combined by twosubsystems,both of them are 8031 single chip microprocessors.The communication between themis coordinated by the full duplex serial port within the chip and ask-and-answer communicationmanner.The error-corrected means adopted has improved the operation reliability of the system.A series of experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor are given at the end of this paper.

基于CNN-LSTM模型和STM32单片机的水质监测与预测系统

研究设计了一种水质监测与预测系统,旨在提高水质管理效率。为此,采用了基于CNN-LSTM模型的方法。该模型利用CNN提取水质传感器数据的空间特征,并将输出序列传递给LSTM网络,以捕捉时序性信息。这种结合CNN和LSTM的模型既保持了高效性又具有简单的结构,非常适合部署至STM32单片机,在实现传感器数据采集、STM32的人工智能处理、本地显示以及数据上传至乐为物联云平台的过程中,该设计可以提高水质管理的效率。

Synthesis and Structure of Large Single Crystal of TPAF-AlPO_4-5 Molecular Sieve

A large single crystal of TPAF-AlPO4-5 molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization in the presence of ammonium fluoride. Starting material composition was · 1 P2O5 · 1 Al2O3 · 2. 2 TPAOH · 1. 7 NH4F ·318 H2O. The crystal size has a hexagonal prism with 80μm across and 500μm length.The structure of tetrapropylarnmonium fluoride - aluminium phosphate type-5 was investigated with X-ray diffraction. The unit cell composition is 12AlPO4 · TPAF, space group P6cc (a= 13. 740(5), c= 8. 474(4) A ). Average bond distances are: P-O 1. 564A and Al-O 1. 640A ,which may be due to the partial disorder of the arrangement of P, Al in the framework. The angles of O-T-O and T-O-T (T?P, Al) are 102-116° and 148-176°, respectively. Residue electron density was not well enough defined to give a precise position for tetrapropylammonium fluoride (TPAF). The template agent, TPA+ cations, situate in the 12-ring channels and F- anions locate in double 4-rings near the 12-ring channels. Fixing atomic positions for the TPAF reduced the unweighted and weighted R, R, from 0. 063 and 0. 082 to 0. 046 and 0. 042,respectively.

A new integration algorithm for finite deformation of thermo-elasto-viscoplastic single crystals

An algorithm for integrating the constitutive equations in thermal framework is presented, in which the plastic deformation gradient is chosen as the integration variable. Compared with the classic algorithm, a key feature of this new approach is that it can describe the finite deformation of crystals under thermal conditions. The obtained plastic deformation gradient contains not only plastic defor- mation but also thermal effects. The governing equation for the plastic deformation gradient is obtained based on ther- mal multiplicative decomposition of the total deformation gradient. An implicit method is used to integrate this evo- lution equation to ensure stability. Single crystal 1 100 aluminum is investigated to demonstrate practical applications of the model. The effects of anisotropic properties, time step, strain rate and temperature are calculated using this integration model.

Design and Research of Intelligent Alcohol Detector Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

In order to prevent drunk driving timely and protect personal safety,a kind of vehicle-loaded alcohol concentration detector based on single chip microcomputer control is designed.The detector usesAT89C51 microcontroller as the core,makes use of the gas sensor,A/D converter to detect the alcohol concentration of the breath of the driver,can set different thresholds according to the space of the car model,automatically cut off the ignition circuit for the exceeded threshold,and has the sound and light alarm function,which fundamentally solve the problem of drunk driving.The instrument is compact in size,stable in performance,convenient in installation and debugging,and of practical significance.

基于Wi-Fi控制的智能家居监控系统软硬件设计

随着互联网、人工智能的发展,智能设备变得越来越普及且强大,智能家居控制设备是最常见的智能设备之一,对人们生活水平的改善产生重要的影响。该文基于Wi-Fi控制设计智能家居控制系统,提出一种基于STM32芯片的智能家居监控系统,该方法采用Wi-Fi和智能手机相连,并将数据传送给云平台,进而对数据进行智能处理。在具体设计中,该文首先对系统总体方案进行明确,其次根据总体方案设计芯片、各功能模块等硬件系统,随后设计所需系统平台,开发手机APP,利用Wi-Fi将数据传递到云服务器上,最后利用手机APP进行远程监控,从而实现温度湿度监控、灯光自动控制、火灾报警等功能,为用户提供个性化的居家服务。