A successful case of bidirectional Glenn Shunt for adult single ventricular disease

INTRODUCTION Single ventricle is one type of infrequent and complex congenital heart disease. Bidi- rectional Glenn shunt operation is becoming the most common and effective palliative op- eration of single ventricle to improve the symptoms before modified Fontan operation. However, Bidirectional Glenn shunt opera- tion is rarely applied to the adult patient （more than 20 years old） with single ventri- cle because of the low survival rate1. In this report, we presented a six years following-up study of the Bidirectional Glenn shunt in a 37-year-old female patient with single ventricle.

Relation between connective tissue growth factor rs9399005 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and coronary heart disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)rs9399005 gene polymorphism and serum CTGF level,coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods The serum CTGF levels were de-tected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 214 cases of CHD and 64 cases of normal control group.CTGF gene rs9399005 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)was analyzed by Sanger method.Baseline clinical data,serum CTGF and genotype distribution frequencies

The transmission mechanism theory of disease dynamics:Its aims,assumptions and limitations

Most of the progress in the development of single scale mathematical and computational models for the study of infectious disease dynamics which now span over a century is build on a body of knowledge that has been developed to address particular single scale descriptions of infectious disease dynamics based on understanding disease transmission process.Although this single scale understanding of infectious disease dynamics is now founded on a body of knowledge with a long history,dating back to over a century now,that knowledge has not yet been formalized into a scientific theory.In this article,we formalize this accumulated body of knowledge into a scientific theory called the transmission mechanism theory of disease dynamics which states that at every scale of organization of an infectious disease system,disease dynamics is determined by transmission as the main dynamic disease process.Therefore,the transmission mechanism theory of disease dynamics can be seen as formalizing knowledge that has been inherent in the study of infectious disease dynamics using single scale mathematical and computational models for over a century now.The objective of this article is to summarize this existing knowledge about single scale modelling of infectious dynamics by means of a scientific theory called the transmission mechanism theory of disease dynamics and highlight its aims,assumptions and limitations.

Apolipoprotein E genotype in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Objective To explore the frequency and significance of ApoE gene polymorphisms in patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ApoE gene were analyzed in 32 cases of AD and 26 controls,using PCR and gene sequencing.Results The single nucleotide polymorphism of ApoE gene 462C/G was significantly associated with AD ( P <0.05).Conclusions The 462C/G polymorphism might be a specific genotype in Chinese patients with sporadic AD.

Association of TBX5 gene polymorphism with ventricular septal defect in the Chinese Han population

Background Congenital heart disease is a diverse group of diseases determined by genetic and environmental factors. Considerable research has been done on genes associated with development of the heart. A recent focus is the role of transcription factor TBX5 in the development of atria, left ventricle and conduction system. As part of a larger study, high density, single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） scanning was used to explore the relationship between TBX5 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to ventricular septal defect not associated with forelimb malformation in the Chinese Han population.Methods One hundred and ninety two paediatric patients with congenital ventricular septal defect and 192 matched healthy control subjects were studied. The haplotype reconstructions were calcutated by PHASE2.0 software. Haploview software was used to perform linkage disequilibrium assessment and defining of haplotype blocks. The algorithm used for defining of blocks was the confidence interval method.Results The TBX5 gene region can be divided into 3 haplotype blocks of 27, 15 and 2 SNPs. Strong linkage disequilibrium exists within each block. SNP rs11067075 within the TBX5 gene had significant correlation with ventricular septal defect （P=0.0037） by single marker association analysis. In addition, a 20 kb haplotype composed of 27 SNPs correlated with ventricular septal defect （P=0.05, multiple loci regression analyses based on reconstructed haplotype blocks）. Conclusions TBX5 is associated with the occurrence of ventricular septal defect and may be a predisposing gene to congenital heart disease in Han Chinese. This finding has set a direction for further genetic and functional studies.