Comprehensive integration of single-cell transcriptomic data illuminates the regulatory network architecture of plant cell fate specification

Plant morphogenesis relies on precise gene expression programs at the proper time and position which is orchestrated by transcription factors(TFs)in intricate regulatory networks in a cell-type specific manner.Here we introduced a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Arabidopsis seedlings.This atlas is the result of meticulous integration of 63 previously published scRNA-seq datasets,addressing batch effects and conserving biological variance.This integration spans a broad spectrum of tissues,including both below-and above-ground parts.Utilizing a rigorous approach for cell type annotation,we identified 47 distinct cell types or states,largely expanding our current view of plant cell compositions.We systematically constructed cell-type specific gene regulatory networks and uncovered key regulators that act in a coordinated manner to control cell-type specific gene expression.Taken together,our study not only offers extensive plant cell atlas exploration that serves as a valuable resource,but also provides molecular insights into gene-regulatory programs that varies from different cell types.

Identification of QTLs for Plant Height and Its Components by Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa)

QTLs for plant height and its components on the substituted segments of fifty-two single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） in rice were identified through t-test （P〈0.001） for comparison between each SSSL and recipient parent Huajingxian 74. On the 14 substituted segments, 24 QTLs were detected, 10 for plant height, 2 for panicle length, 4 for length of the first internode from the top, 5 for length of the second internode from the top and 3 for length of the third internode from the top, respectively. All these QTLs were distributed on nine rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5, 9 and 11. The additive effect ranged from -4.08 to 3.98 cm, and the additive effect percentages varied from -19.35% to 10.43%.

Biological significance of RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research in woody plants

RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research emerge as an important research area in the recent years due to its ability to examine genetic information of any number of single cells in all living organisms.The knowledge gained from RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research will have a great impact in many aspects of plant biology.In this review,we summary and discuss the biological significance of RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research in plants including the single-cell DNA-sequencing,RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing in woody plants,methods of RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-sequencing,single-cell RNA-sequencing for studying plant development,and single-cell RNA-sequencing for elucidating cell type composition.We will focus on RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing in woody plants,understanding of plant development through single-cell RNAsequencing,and elucidation of cell type composition via single-cell RNA-sequencing.Information presented in this review will be helpful to increase our understanding of plant genomic research in a way with the power of plant single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis.

An Algorithm for Solving Generalized Single Row Facility Layout Problem

Layout design problem is to determine a suitable arrangement for the departments so that the total costs associated with the flow among departments become least. Single Row Facility Layout Problem, SRFLP, is one of the layout problems that have many practical applications. This problem and its specific scenarios are often used to model many of the raised issues in the field of facility location. SRFLP is an arrangement of n departments with a specified length in a straight line so that the sum of the weighted distances between the pairs of departments is minimized. This problem is NP-hard. In this paper, first, a lower bound for a special case of SRFLP is presented. Then, a general case of SRFLP is presented in which some new and real assumptions are added to generate more practical model. Then a lower bound, as well as an algorithm, is proposed for solving the model. Experimental results on some instances in literature show the efficiency of our algorithm.

Analysis on the Growth Condition of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide good basic research data for Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in southern Anhui,so as to improve local ecological,economic and social benefits.[Methods]A 22-year-old near-mature C.lanceolata plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,Xiuning County,Huangshan City,Anhui Province was investigated and analyzed by sample plot survey.[Results]The average DBH value of the C.lanceolata plantation at the lower slope was the largest,24.7%and 19.2%higher than those at the upper and middle slopes,respectively.The average single plant wood volume at the lower slope was 47.6%and 49.1%higher than those in the upper and middle slopes,respectively.However,the average tree heights at various slope positions showed little difference.Meanwhile,all the indexes showed the phenomenon of semi-shady slope>sunny slope>shady slope under different slope directions.Among them,the effect of slope position on DBH was extremely significant,but the effect of slope direction on DBH was not significant,and slope position,slope direction and the interaction of slope direction and slope position had no significant effects on the tree height of the C.lanceolata plantation.In addition,slope direction and slope position had extremely significant effects on single plant wood volume.From the overall growth situation of the C.lanceolata plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,the slope position factor had greater effects on various indexes of forest growth than the slope direction factor,mainly manifested in that the lower slope was better than the middle slope,and the middle slope position was better than the upper slope,while although slope direction had some effect on the growth of the C.lanceolata plantation,the influence degree was not as significant as that of slope position.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference for the adjustment and optimization,development and renewal of C.lanceolata plantation structure in the later period in this area,as well as some data support for other theoretical research on economic forests.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Plant Diversity Under a Unique Estuarine Wetland Gradient System in the Yellow River Delta, China

Multiple natural and human factors in estuarine wetlands result in complicated land surface characteristics with distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities,thereby contributing to the difficulty in identifying spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of plant diversity.A unique estuarine wetland gradient system(UEWGS)consisting of soil,vegetation,heat,distance,landscape,and anthropogenic gradients was established based on the ecological features of estuarine wetland through remote sensing and field investigation methods.It resolved the complicated land surface characteristics,covered all aspects of factors influencing plant diversity,and possessed distinct spatiotemporal heterogeneities.The Yellow River Delta,the largest estuarine wetland in the northern China,was selected as the study area to demonstrate UEWGS in four seasons in 2017.A total of 123 species were recorded with considerable seasonal difference.Phragmites australis,Suaeda salsa,and Tamarix chinensis were the dominant species,and crop species also played important roles.In single effect,all aspects of gradients exerted significant influences,yet only vegetation gradient possessed significant influences in all seasons.In comprehensive effect,soil,vegetation,heat,and distance gradients showed significant gross influences.Moisture content in soil gradient and net primary productivity in vegetation gradient possessed significant net influences in all seasons and can be considered as the main driving factor and indicator,respectively,of plant diversity.The results validated the significance of UEWGS in revealing the plant diversity spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors,and UEWGS possessed universal applicability in the spatiotemporal analysis of plant diversity in estuarine areas.

A dCAPS marker developed from a stress associated protein gene TaSAP7-B governing grain size and plant height in wheat

Stress associated proteins（SAPs） are the A20/AN1 zinc-finger proteins which confer to abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, TaSAP7-B, including two AN1 domains, was isolated from B genome of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）. Sequencing analysis on TaSAP7-B illustrated one In Del（insertion-deletion） and one SNP（single nucleotide polymorphism） in the promoter region while no diversity was observed in the coding region. On the basis of SNP in the promoter region（–260 bp）, a dCAPS（derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences） marker SNP-260 was developed for TaSAP7-B. Using a natural population consisting of 262 wheat accessions, significant associations were detected between the marker SNP-260 and agronomic traits, such as plant height（PH）, peduncle length（PL）, length of penultimate internode（LPI）, number of spike per plant（NSP）, and 1 000-grain weight（TGW）. Two genotypes were identified using marker SNP-260 in the natural population. Among them, the genotypes possessing C allele exhibited a higher TGW and shorter PH than the T genotypes. Hence, base C was considered as the superior allele. The dCAPS marker of TaSAP7-B can be instrumental for marker-assisted selection for high grain size and short plant height.

基于Plant Simulation的烟草柔性分拣系统仿真与优化

针对烟草物流配送中心场地限制和分拣效率低下等问题,根据柔性分拣系统的工作原理及流程,运用Plant Simulation仿真软件建立烟草柔性分拣系统模型,设计了条烟自动分拣的虚拟托盘算法。通过仿真分析得到限制其分拣效率的瓶颈工位,利用添加缓存区和增加码垛工位的优化方法对分拣系统进行初步优化,并且从Experiment Manager模块中的单因子多水平试验方法确定了最优缓存区容量。仿真结果表明该优化方法显著提高了分拣效率,使其达到8866.08条/h,是优化前的1.39倍,且缩短了配送时间,能够很好地满足烟草物流配送中心的分拣要求。

单旋翼无人机植保作业系统的研制与实验研究

为了提高植保无人机的工作效率,降低无人机的操作难度,研制了单旋翼无人机植保作业系统。根据植保作业流程,单旋翼无人机植保作业系统实现启动、预热、起飞、飞行、喷洒作业、加药和返航等全过程无人工干预的自动飞行作业。单旋翼无人机植保控制系统包括作业平台、飞行控制、数据链路、地面站系统、系统应用、飞行器管理、用户信息管理、专业知识管理、大数据业务,实现了喷洒区域的精准控制,地面站系统与飞行系统的控制与交互,植保信息的存贮与分析等。通过实验研究表明:单旋翼无人机植保作业系统有效提高了植保工作效率,降低了飞行操作人员的操作难度。

基于AT89S52单片机的稻作区智能灌溉控制系统设计

【目的】克服稻作区田间难以铺设电路等难题,实现田间灌溉无人化,提高安徽省稻作区灌溉智能化和精准化水平,探索利用新一代电子信息技术实现智能灌溉的可行性。【方法】本文设计了一种基于AT89S52单片机的稻作区智能灌溉控制系统,包括一体化提拉式水闸、灌溉硬件子系统和灌溉软件子系统。闸门采用一体化设计,集成了以AT89S52单片机为控制器的中央处理单元模块、传感器感知模块和太阳能供电模块;以Keil C语言开发了闸门终端控制软件,以C++语言开发了系统上位机控制软件。【结果】应用试验表明,本系统运行安全稳定,电机自动控制响应时间<1 s,闸门开度控制误差<1.5 mm,闸前、后水位控制误差<8 mm,数据传输丢包率最大为0.11%,自由出流状态下闸门流量计算误差<1%,淹没出流状态下闸门流量计算误差<1.2%。【结论】本系统运行安全稳定,在室外环境条件下响应速度快,可满足稻作区田间灌溉复杂环境下用水智能化和精准化的要求。

种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏性状的影响

为了探索不同种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏能力的影响,以‘龙粳21’和‘龙稻18’为试材,比较研究了水直播、旱直播和插秧栽培模式下水稻的抗倒伏特性。种植方式对寒地水稻的抗倒伏特性有显著影响,但两品种表现不一致。其中,‘龙粳21’N1至N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>水直播>旱直播,单茎抗推力为旱直播>插秧>水直播。‘龙稻18’N1、N3和N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>旱直播>水直播,N2节间为旱直播>插秧>水直播,单茎抗推力均为水直播>插秧>旱直播。相关分析表明,提高寒地水稻抗倒伏能力应适当降低株高、重心高度和N1、N2节间的长度,不宜攻大穗。在寒地稻区,通过选择适宜的品种及合理地构建多穗和小穗的群体结构,既利于直播稻获得较高的产量,也有利于提高抗倒伏性。

单瓣长寿花‘萨姆巴’高效快速繁殖体系的构建

选取单瓣长寿花‘萨姆巴’的叶片为外植体,设计正交试验,研究不同种类植物生长激素及其浓度配比的培养基对长寿花叶片愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽的分化和不定芽生根的影响,并研究试管苗炼苗及移栽的成活情况。试验结果表明,诱导长寿花叶片产生愈伤组织的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L,诱导率是83.33%。诱导愈伤组织不定芽分化的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,增殖系数是21.4。最适的不定芽生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,生根系数为7.03。试管苗移栽到蛭石∶营养土=1∶1的基质中培养,移栽的成活率可达100%。

垄上交错种植密度对花生群体生长及产量的影响

为构建高产花生群体模式,根据花生品种类型调整垄上交错单粒种植模式下的合理种植密度。以半匍匐型花生品种扶余四粒红和直立型花生品种吉花17为材料,研究垄上交错单粒种植密度对花生植株性状、群体结构变化及产量的影响。共设置6个种植密度M1(23.85万株/hm^(2))、M2(20.84万株/hm^(2))、M3(18.52万株/hm^(2))、M4(16.66万株/hm^(2))、M5(13.89万株/hm^(2))、M6(11.91万株/hm^(2)),以双粒播种(23.85万株/hm^(2))为对照(CK)。对不同种植密度下各花生品种的植株性状、SPAD值、单株干物质积累量及产量性状等进行测定。随着种植密度的降低,两品种主茎高和侧枝长逐渐增高,半匍匐型花生品种四粒红在M6密度下的主茎高和侧枝长最高,直立型花生品种吉花17会随着种植密度的降低而先增加后降低的趋势,在M5密度下的主茎高和侧枝长最高。随着种植密度的降低,两品种在结荚期和成熟期的SPAD值呈先下降后上升的趋势。四粒红成熟期M4、M5、M6处理的地上和地下单株干物质积累量均显著高于CK。吉花17在生育后期M4处理下的地上和地下单株干物质积累量较CK有显著提升,成熟期分别较对照提高了155.35%、23.31%。此外,随着密度的降低,四粒红的产量呈先上升后下降的趋势,单株饱果数、百果质量和单株荚果产量均呈上升后下降的趋势,千克果数各密度处理低于CK;吉花17的产量整体上呈下降的趋势,单株饱果数、单株荚果产量均呈上升趋势,千克果数各处理均小于CK。垄上交错+单粒播种种植模式相对于双粒种植模式可以增加花生株高、SPAD值、干物质积累量,同时提高了产量。应用垄上交错种植时,应根据花生品种类型选择适宜的播种密度,半匍匐型花生品种以M4密度最佳,直立型花生品种以M2密度最佳。

基于YOLOv5m和CBAM-CPN的单分蘖水稻表型参数提取

为快速获取单分蘖水稻植株的形态结构和表型参数,该研究提出了一种基于目标检测和关键点检测模型相结合的骨架提取和表型参数获取方法。该方法基于目标检测模型生成穗、茎秆、叶片的边界框和类别,将所得数据分别输入到关键点检测模型检测各部位关键点,按照语义信息依次连接关键点形成植株骨架,依据关键点坐标计算穗长度、茎秆长度、叶片长度、叶片-茎秆夹角4种表型参数。首先,构建单分蘖水稻的关键点检测和目标检测数据集;其次,训练Faster R-CNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv5s、YOLOv5m目标检测模型,经过对比,YOLOv5m的检测效果最好,平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)达到91.17%;然后,应用人体姿态估计的级联金字塔网络(cascaded pyramid network,CPN)提取植株骨架,并引入注意力机制CBAM(convolutional block attention module)进行改进,与沙漏网络(hourglass networks,HN)、堆叠沙漏网络模型(stacked hourglass networks,SHN)和CPN模型相比,CBAM-CPN模型的预测准确率分别提高了9.68、8.83和1.06个百分点,达到94.75%,4种表型参数的均方根误差分别为1.06 cm、0.81 cm、1.25 cm和2.94°。最后,结合YOLOv5m和CBAM-CPN进行预测,4种表型参数的均方根误差分别为1.48、1.05、1.74cm和2.39°,与SHN模型相比,误差分别减小1.65 cm、3.43 cm、2.65 cm和4.75°,生成的骨架基本能够拟合单分蘖水稻植株的形态结构。所提方法可以提高单分蘖水稻植株的关键点检测准确率,更准确地获取植株骨架和表型参数,有助于加快水稻的育种和改良。

植保无人机实时变量喷洒控制系统设计与试验

针对目前植保无人机在手动作业时,需要人为控制农药流量大小和植保机飞行速度,无法实现农药流量和飞行速度的实时匹配,造成农药喷洒不均匀的问题,开发了一种实时变量农药喷洒的控制系统。系统以STM32F103ZET6单片机为核心,使用GPS北斗定位模块进行速度和位置信息采集,基于PWM技术控制离心喷头的转速和水泵的药液流量,通过流量计反馈实时流量,形成闭环系统,并使用PID算法对整个系统进行精准控制。工作时,基于USART HMI串口屏设计的上位机远程实时地控制离心喷头转速和农药流量,同时在上位机的液晶屏幕上显示飞行参数等信息。试验结果表明:植保无人机实时变量喷洒控制系统可行,系统开机初始化时间为3.5s;在地面站离主设备1m~1km之间,系统响应时间为10~45ms之间,且农药流量控制系统的实际流量和理论流量之间的平均误差为2.2%。

展颖野生稻株高性状的遗传与SD1基因的等位变异分析

为了探究SSSL-B50和华粳籼74(HJX74)株高差异的原因,利用SSSL-B50与HJX74回交构建F2群体进行株高性状遗传分析与基因定位。结果显示,F1植株表现为高秆;260个单株组成的F2群体株高出现分离,高秆植株与半矮秆植株分离比例符合3∶1(χ^(2)=0.18<3.84),说明SSSL-B50高秆性状为显性性状,受1对显性等位基因控制。利用IciMapping软件对F2进行连锁分析,将SSSL-B50携带的高秆基因定位在1号染色体代换片段上的标记S18和X161之间38.38~39.07 Mb。候选基因筛选分析发现,定位区间内存在着“绿色革命”基因座位SD1。对展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50及HJX74进行SD1基因测序及序列比对,发现HJX74的CDS序列与展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50相比有280 bp的缺失,导致氨基酸编码提前终止。qRT-PCR结果表明,SD1表达量在SSSL-B50茎秆的第2,3,4节均显著高于HJX74。此外,与前人报道结果相比,展颖野生稻SD1基因编码的氨基酸序列发生了2处改变(E100G、Q339R)。研究结果弄清楚了展颖野生稻单片段代换系SSSL-B50高秆性状受SD1调控,同时从展颖野生稻鉴定到了SD1的新等位型SD1Glu。

利用单壁碳纳米管介导植物瞬时遗传转化的研究

为验证单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)介导的新型的植物遗传转化方法的有效性,利用羧基化的单壁碳纳米管(COOH-SWNT)为原材料,构建了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰的羧基化单壁碳纳米管复合物(PEI-SWNT),探索验证PEI-SWNT复合物对外源基因的结合比例以及保护作用,使用PEI-SWNT复合物将RED以及UBQ10-EGFP等荧光质粒转化到油菜的原生质体和烟草叶片中。结果表明,PEI-SWNT纳米材料成功与外源目的基因结合,并对外源目的基因进行保护,使其免于核酸酶的降解,PEI-SWNT携带目的基因进入受体细胞后,可以成功地在受体细胞内进行基因表达。

不同授粉方式对“台农1号”百香果果实性状的影响

生产上发现授粉方式对百香果发育及果实性状产生较大影响,为揭示其具体影响方式,以“台农1号”紫果百香果为材料,设置异株异花、同株异花、自花授粉3种授粉方式,测定比较不同授粉方式的果实成熟时间、着果率、果实外观性状、内在品质和种子性状等,并分析各性状指标间的相关性。结果表明,异株异花授粉和自花授粉着果率较高,分别达到98.3%和96.7%;不同授粉方式的单果质量和单果种子数存在显著性差异,从高到低依次为自花授粉>异株异花授粉>同株异花授粉;自花授粉和异株异花授粉可食率较高,而自花授粉果实纵径、横径最大。单果质量与果实横径均呈显著正相关,果实横径与果实纵径也呈极显著正相关;异株异花授粉和同株异花授粉果实单果质量与单果种子数呈显著正相关;同株异花授粉的果实固酸比与成熟时间呈极显著正相关,与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。推测不同授粉方式对供试百香果品种果实性状影响较大。

不同天然水生植物组合降解生活污水效果分析

为达到《四川省岷江、沱江流域水污染物排放标准》(DB51/2311-2016)中相关标准,四川多数生活污水处理厂在原有处理工艺上添加处理单元,从而导致处理成本增加。本研究以执行该地方标准的某生活污水处理厂经格栅后生活污水为研究对象,用选取的水菖蒲、美人蕉、空心莲子草及水芙蓉四种水生植物单独或两两串联降解其主要污染物,以COD_(Cr)、TN、TP及NH^(+)_(4)-N去除率评价其效果。结果表明,美人蕉-水芙蓉组合处理效果最好。

植物干细胞前沿研究:从基础理论到应用

2023年11月17日至11月20日,由中国细胞生物学学会领衔主办的第一届全国植物干细胞生物学大会在武汉举行,会议聚焦植物干细胞的理论与应用前沿研究,从动植物干细胞的共性及特性比较、植物干细胞的活性调控到再生、与环境的相互作用,再到单细胞测序技术及多学科交叉在植物干细胞研究中的新进展,以及植物干细胞在现代生物技术包括组织培养、嫁接、扦插等无性繁殖、植物基因组编辑与遗传转化、作物分子育种、合成生物学的植物干细胞底盘中的应用等多方面进行报告与交流。大会的召开有效推动了国内植物干细胞理论及应用研究的发展,为培育该领域后备人才、为与会者搭建平等交流与积极合作的平台发挥了重要作用。