Construction and Analysis of Three-dimensional Graphic Model of Single-chain Fv Derived from an Anti-human Placental Acidic Isoferritin Monoclonal Antibody by Computer

Summary: A three-dimensional (3D) graphic model of a single-chain Fv (scFv) which was derived from an anti-human placental acidic isoferritin (PAF) monoclonal antibody (MAb) was construct- ed by a homologous protein-predicting computer algorithm on Silicon graphic computer station. The structure, surface static electricity and hydrophobicity of scFv were investigated. Computer graphic modelling indicated that all regions of scFv including the linker, variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains were suitable. The VH region and the VL region were involved in composing the 'hydrophobic pocket'. The linker was drifted away VH and VL regions. The complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of VH and VL regions surrounded the 'hydrophobic pocket'. This study provides a theory basis for improving antibody affinity, investigating antibody structure and analyzing the functions of VH and VL regions in antibody activity.

Disulfide-stabilized single-chain antibody-targeted superantigen: Construction of a prokaryotic expression system and its functional analysis

AIM: To construct the expression vector of B3 (scdsFv)-SEA (D227A) and to identify its binding and cytotoxic ability to B3 antigen positive carcinoma cell lines.METHODS: This fusion protein was produced by a bacterial expression system in this study. It was expressed mainly in the inclusion body. The gene product was solubilized by guanidine hydrochloride, refolded by conventional dilution method, and purified using SP-sepharose cation chromatography.RESULTS: The expression vector B3 (scdsFv)-SEA-PETwas constructed, the expression product existed mainly in the inclusion body, the refolding product retained the binding ability of the single-chain antibody and had cytotoxic effect on HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. The stability assay showed that the resulting protein was stable at 37 ℃.CONCLUSION: This genetically engineered B3 (scdsFv)-SEA fusion protein has bifunction of tumor targeting and tumor cell killing and shows its promises as an effective reagent for tumor-targeted immunotherapy.

Antioxidant Effect of Human Selenium-containing Single-chain Fv in Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Reactive oxygen species（ROS） plays a key role in human heart diseases. Glutathione peroxidase（GPX） functions as an antioxidant as it catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxide. In order to investigate the antioxidant effect of human selenium-containing single-chain Fv（Se-scFv-B3）, a new mimic of GPX, a model system of hydrogen peroxide（H202）-induced rat cardiac myocyte damage was established. The cardiac myocyte damage was characte- rized in terms of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, cell membrane integrity, and intracellular H202 level. The Se-scFv-B3 significantly reduced H2O2-induced cell damage as shown by the increase of cell viability, the decline of malondialdehyde（MDA） production, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） release, and intracellular H2O2 level. So Se-scFv-B3 may have a great potential in the treatment of human heart diseases induced by ROS.

Construction of single chain Fv antibody against transferrin receptor and its protein fusion with alkaline phosphatase

AIM: To construct fusion protein of a single-chain antibody (scFv) against transferrin receptor (TfR) with alkaline phosphatase(AP). METHODS: The VH-linker-VL,namely scFv gene,was prepared by amplifying the VH and VL genes from plasmid pGEM-T-VH and pGEM-T-VL with splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE PCR). After the ScFv gene was modified by 5/71 and Not I,it was subcloned into the secretory expression vector pUC19/119, and then was transformed into E.coli TG1.The positive colonies were screened by colony PCR and their expressions were induced by IPTG.ScFv gene was gained by digesting ScFv expression vector pUC19/119 with 5/71 and NotI restriction enzymes, then subcloned into expression vector pDAP2, followed by transformation in E.coli TG1.The positive colonies were selected by bacterial colony PCR.The expression of fusion protein (scFv-AP) was induced by IPTG.Its activity was detected by enzyme immunoassay. The molecular weights of scFv and scFv-AP were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS: The product of SOE PCR formed a band of 700 bp in agarose gel electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE demonstrated the molecular weight of scFv was 27 ku.Immunofluorescent assay (IFA) demonstrated its reactivity with TfR.The molecular weight of scFv-AP was 75 ku.Enzyme immunoassay showed that scFv-AP could specifically bind to human TfR and play AP activity. CONCLUSION: We have successfully prepared the anti-human TfR scFv and constructed the fusion protein of scFv and AP.It is promising for immunological experiments.

Screening and evaluation of human single-chain fragment variable antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen

BACKGROUND: Phage display technology has become a vital tool in studies aimed at identifying molecules binding to a specific target. It enables the rapid generation and selection of high affinity, fully human antibody product candidates to essentially any disease target appropriate for antibody therapy. In this study, we prepared the recombinant single-chain fragment variable ( ScFv) antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by the phage display technology for obtaining a virus-targeting mediator. METHODS: mRNA was isolated from B-lymphocytes from a healthy volunteer and converted into cDNA. The fragment variables of heavy and light chain were amplified separately and assembled into ScFv DNA with a specially constructed DNA linker by polymerase chain reaction. The ScFv DNA was ligated into the phagmid vector pCANT-AB5E and the ligated sample was transformed into competent E. coli TG1. The transformed cells were infected with M13K07 helper phage to form a human recombinant phage antibody library. The volume and recombinant rate of the library were evaluated by bacterial colony count and restriction analysis. After two rounds of panning with HBsAg. the phage clones displaying ScFv of the antibody were selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA) from the enriched phage clones. The antigen binding affinity of the positive clone was detected by competition ELISA. HB2151 E. coli was transfected with the positive phage clone demonstrated by competition ELISA for production of a soluble form of the anti-HBsAg ScFv. ELISA assay was used to detect the antigen binding affinity of the soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv. Finally, the relative molecular mass of soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv was measured by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: The variable heavy ( VH ) and variable light (VL) and ScFv DNAs were about 340bp, 320bp and 750bp, respectively. The volume of the library was up to 2 × 106 and 8 of 10 random clones were recombinants. Two phage clones could strongly compete with the original HBsAb for binding to HBsAg. Within 2 strong positive phage clones, the soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv from one clone was found to have the binding activity with HBsAg. SDS-PAGE showed that the relative molecular weight of soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv was 32 kDa. CONCLUSION: The anti-HBsAg ScFv successfully produced by phage antibody technology may be useful for broadening the scope of application of the antibody.

Bioinformatics-led design of single-chain antibody molecules targeting DNA sequences for retinoblastoma

The development of single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) by recombinant gene expression is an important milestone for cancer therapy. Single-chain antibodies are reconstructed for cancer-targeted therapy to provide good penetration into tumor tissue and to improve their pharmacokinetics in vivo, offering a clinically valuable application. The relationship needs to be analyzed that there may be some variations between the structure and function of the fusion proteins, and the relationship between the structure and function of protein molecules was obtained through analyzing relevant literature at home and abroad as well as modeling analysis. Through our analysis of the interaction region between antibody and antigen, and of the binding sites for molecular conformation, it is clear that existing antibodies need to be modified at the DNA sequence level, enhancing the biological activity of the antibodies. Based on the view that bio-molecular computer models are closely integrated with biological experiments, a bio-molecular structure-activity relationship model can be established in terms of molecular conformation, physical and chemical properties and the biological activity of single-chain antibodies. Two enlightenments are obtained from our analysis. On one hand, the structure-activity relationship is clear for new immune molecules at the gene expression level. On the other hand, a single-chain antibody molecule can be designed and optimized for the cancer-oriented treatment. In this article, we provided the theoretical and experimental basis for the development of single-chain antibodies appropriate for retinoblastoma therapy.

Anti-amyloid beta single-chain Fv ameliorates behavioral impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via adeno-associated virus delivery

Intracranial delivery of human Fc-deleted antibody specific to amyloid-β peptide （Aβ, anti-Aβ single-chain Fv, scFv） via adeno-associated virus （AAV） inhibits amyloid deposition in transgenic mice. However, the effects of AAV-mediated Fc-deleted antibody on animal behavior remain unclear. In this study, the anti-Aβ scFv antibody gone, isolated from phage display, was fused to the 5＇ end of the scFv antibody gone for antibody secretion by 2 rounds of polymerase chain reaction amplification. The fused antibody cDNA was cloned into a pSNAV2 plasmid under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. The sequence verified expression vector pSNAV2/scFv was transferred to BHK-21 ceils, and stable transfected BHK-21/scFv cells were established by G418 selection and infected with the recombinant herpes simplex virus rHSV/repcap for AAV production. Recombinant AAV was injected into the left quadriceps femoris of PDAPP transgenic mice. After 3 months, Morris water-maze results confirmed significantly improved cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease. Key Words： Alzheimer＇s disease; adeno-associated virus; amyloid-β peptide; single-chain antibody; neurodegenerative diseases; neural regeneration

Rapid Selection of Phage Se-scFv with GPX Activity via Combination of Phage Display Antibody Library with Chemical Modification

Glutathione peroxidase（GPX） plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. A series of catalytic antibodies with GPX activity have been generated by the authors of＇ this study. To obtain humanized catalytic antibodies, the phage-displayed human antibody library was used to select novel antibodies by repetitive screening, Phage antibodies, scFv-B8 and scFv-H6 with the GSH-binding site, were obtained from the library by enzyme-linked immu- nosorbent assay（ELISA） analysis with 4 rounds of scelection against their respective haptens, S-2,4-dinitriphenyl t-butyl ester（GStI-s-DNP-Bu） and S-2,4-dinit,-iphenyl t-hexyl ester（GSH-s-I）NP-He）. Nevertheless, several studies need to be condueted to determine whether scFv-B8 and seFv-tI6 possess GPX activity. 1＇o enhance the speed of the selection, selenocysteine（Sec, the catalytic group of GPX） was incorporated directly into the phages, scFv-B8 and seFv-H6, by chemical mutation to form the phages Se-scFv-B8 and Se-scFv-H6. The GPX activities were found to be 3012 units/μmol and 2102 units/μmol, respectively. To improve the GPX activity of the phage Se-scFv-B8, DNA shuffling was used to construct a secondary library and another positive phage antibody scFv-B9 was screened out by another panning against GSH-s-DNP-Bu. When Sec was incorporated via chemical mutation into the phage antibody scFv-B9, its GPX activity reached 3560 units/μmol, which is 1.17-fold higher than the phage antibody Se-scFv-B8 and almost approached the order of magnitude of native GPX. The rapid selection is the prerequisite for generating humanized Se-seFv with GPX activity.

Expression of secreted human single-chain fragment variable antibody against human amyloid beta peptide in Pichia pastoris

BACKGROUND：Studies have shown that monoclonal or polyclonal antibody injections of amyloid β peptide are effective in removing amyloid β peptide overload in the brain. OBJECTIVE： Based on successful screening of a human single-chain fragment variable antibody specific to amyloidβpeptide, this paper aimed to express recombinant human single-chain variable antibody against amyloid β peptide. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A single sample experiment was performed at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Hospital （Beijing, China） from January to July 2006. MATERIALS： Human single-chain fragment variable antibody gene against amyloid β peptide was screened from a human phage-display antibody library. METHODS： Human single-chain fragment variable antibody gene was mutated to eliminate a BamHI restriction site and cloned into a T easy plasmid for pT-scFvAβ construction, which was identified by PCR amplification and endonuclease digestion. Plasmid pT-scFvAβ was cut by EcoRI and NotI endonucleases, and the antibody gene was cloned into pPIC9K plasmid to construct pPIC9K-scFvAβ expression vector, which was confirmed by gene sequencing. Linearized pPIC9K-scFvAβ was used to transform a Pichia pastoris GS115 cell line, and the recombinant was induced by 0.5% methanol to express human single-chain fragment variable antibody specific to amyloid β peptide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Protein electrophoresis was used to identify PCR products, gene sequencing was used to verify the pPIC9K-scFvA sequence, and SDS-PAGE was used to detect recombinant expression of human single-chain fragment variable antibody specific to amyloid β peptide in Pichia pastoris. RESULTS： Gene sequencing confirmed pPIC9K-scFvAβ orientation. Recombinants were obtained by linearized pPIC9K-scFvAβ transformation. After induction with 0.5% methanol, the recombinant yeast cells secreted proteins of 33-ku size. CONCLUSION： The expression vector pPIC9K-scFvAβ was successfully constructed. Human single-chain fragment variable antibody specific to amyloid β peptide was recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris.

抗汉滩病毒NP抗原mAb的ScFv-C_κ基因真核和原核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建抗汉滩病毒HTNVNP抗原mAb的ScFvCκ基因原核和真核表达载体。方法将鼠源性抗HTNVmAb1A8的ScFv基因和人Cκ基因连接,分别克隆入原核表达载体pComb3和真核表达载体pCIneo中,并用间接免疫荧光和Westernblot检测其原核表达产物的活性。结果成功地构建了重组1A8ScFvCκ基因并克隆入原核和真核表达载体。间接免疫荧光和Westernblot分析表明,该基因在E.coliTG1中的表达产物可与HTNVNP抗原特异性结合。结论抗NP抗原mAb的ScFvCκ原核和真核表达载体的构建,为进一步研究细胞内抗体的功能奠定了基础。

抗肿瘤侵袭与转移单链抗体scFv-M97基因克隆及分泌性表达

目的研制抗肿瘤侵袭和转移的单链抗体。方法应用重组噬菌体抗体技术,从小鼠抗Ⅳ型胶原酶杂交瘤C2H5细胞中提取mRNA,构建单链抗体基因并克隆到噬粒pCANTAB5E中,转化大肠杆菌TG1,经M13KO7援救后,得到滴度为5×10~9pfu/ml单链抗体库。对抗体库进行一轮抗原固相化亲和富集与ELISA筛选鉴定,得到30株阳性噬菌体。结果 DNA序列分析表明,抗Ⅳ型胶原酶单链抗体scFv-M97基因全长732bp。其中V_H351bp,编码117个氨基酸;V_L336bp,编码112个氨基酸,两者以连接肽(Gl_(y_4)Ser)_3相连。阳性噬菌体转染HB2151细胞,经1 mmol/L IPTG诱导培养20h,培养液上清中有2μg/ml可溶性单链抗体。免疫印迹证实所表达产物保留了原亲本抗体的特异性和亲合力。结论单链抗体scFv-M97可分泌性表达,为以Ⅳ型胶原酶为靶点的抗肿瘤侵袭与转移的治疗及新型导向药物的研制奠定了基础。

鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Fv片断的三维结构模建

用Biosym公司开发的计算机辅助分子设计系统模建了鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体Fv片断的三维结构。Fv是由重链可变区(Vh)和轻链可变区(Vl)两个结构域组成的具有抗原结合能力的最小抗体片断。先分别模建了Vh和Vl两个结构域,然后搭建出Fv片断的整体三维结构,并对模建的结构进行了分子力学和动力学优化。对结构的合理性验证显示模建结构是合理的。本研究为鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体Fv片断的人源化的分子设计打下了基础。

鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Fv片段的人源化分子设计

产生免疫原性的残基主要是位于蛋白表面的暴露残基，为了消除鼠抗体对人的免疫原性，利用表面再塑的方法对本室克隆的鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Ｆｖ片段进行了人源化分子设计．首先确定了鼠及人Ｆｖ片段的表面残基，在此基础上分析了鼠与人抗体Ｆｖ片段表面残基的差异，将存在差异的鼠抗体的表面残基换成人的，从而实现鼠抗体的人源化．提出了残基最高频率人源化及最相似链人源化两种分子设计方案．人源化的鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Ｆｖ片段的结构经Ｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓ－３Ｄ检测证明合理，替换的表面残基的溶剂可及性未变，而且未对ＣＤＲｓ的空间构象产生明显影响，应不会影响与纤维蛋白的亲和力，为鼠抗体人源化实验研究奠定了基础．

Anti-HER2 ScFv-GFP融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及其靶向结合乳腺癌细胞的初步分析

目的:构建原核表达系统诱导获得携带绿色荧光的抗人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2,HER2)单链抗体,分析其靶向结合HER2阳性肿瘤细胞的功能,探讨其应用于HER2阳性肿瘤分子诊断与靶向治疗的可能性。方法:将绿色荧光蛋白基因与鼠源性人抗HER2单链抗体基因拼接成融合基因anti-HER2 ScFv-GFP,构建原核表达载体重组子pBAD His B/anti-HER2-ScFv-GFP,转入大肠杆菌E.coli TOP10诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western Blot法鉴定,Ni2+-NTA亲和层析法纯化获得目的融合蛋白。将不同浓度的融合蛋白anti-HER2 ScFv-GFP分别与HER2阳性的乳腺癌细胞SKBR3、HER2阴性的MCF7混合,观察绿色荧光在不同癌细胞表面的分布。结果:成功获得长度为1 539 bp的融合基因,原核表达系统pBAD His B/anti-HER2-ScFv-GFP/TOP10成功构建并表达携带绿色荧光的抗HER2单链抗体,融合蛋白相对分子量大小约60 kDa。HER2阳性的SKBR3细胞表面有明显绿色荧光,细胞有皱缩现象,而HER2阴性MCF7被洗脱后无荧光。结论:携带绿色荧光的抗HER2单链抗体能牢固结合在HER2阳性的乳腺癌细胞SKBR3表面,绿色荧光可以起到报告作用。

抗CD3 scFv基因的真核表达及其生物学活性鉴定

目的 :真核表达抗CD3单链抗体 (scFv) ,并研究其生物学活性。方法 :将编码抗CD3scFv的DNA片段插入真核表达载体pDisplay中。对所构建重组表达载体进行测序确认后 ,以电穿孔法将重组质粒导入Hela细胞 ,以原位杂交法检测抗CD3scFv的表达 ,以3 HTdR掺入法检测其在体外对T细胞的活化作用 ,以MTT比色法观察转染的Hela细胞与T细胞混合培养后 ,诱发的细胞毒性T细胞的杀伤作用。结果 :成功地构建了抗CD3scFv的真核表达载体 ,并在Hela细胞中获得表达。所分泌的抗CD3scFv在抗CD2 8mAb存在的条件下 ,能够刺激T细胞活化。将转染的Hela细胞与T细胞混合培养能够诱发CTL的杀伤作用。结论 :真核表达的抗CD3scFv具有刺激T细胞活化的活性 。

Anti-CD3 scFv-B7.1真核表达载体的构建及在COS-7细胞中的初步表达

目的 构建anti CD3scFv B7.1真核表达载体 ,并进行初步表达。方法 采用重叠延伸拼接法 (splicingbyoverlapextention ,SOE)将anti CD3scFv和B7.1(V +C)两个基因片段通过spacer序列连接 ,将融合基因克隆入T载体 ,并测序证实。在此基础上构建真核表达载体pcDNA/anti CD3scFv B7.1,并经脂质体法转染COS 7细胞 ,免疫组织化学法检测表达。结果 获得了序列与预期完全相同的融合基因 ;构建了抗CD3scFv B7.1融合基因真核表达载体 ;在COS 7细胞中获得初步表达。结论 成功构建及表达抗CD3scFv B7.1融合基因真核表达载体 ,为进一步研究抗CD3scFv B7.

鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Fv片段的人源化分子设计

产生免疫原性的残基都是位于蛋白表面的暴露残基,为了消除鼠抗体对人的免疫原性,利用表面再塑方法对本室克隆的鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Fv片断进行了人源化分子设计。首先确定了鼠及人Fv表面残基,在此基础上分析了鼠与人Fv间表面残基的差异,将有差异的鼠表面残基换成人的。提出了残基最高频率人源化及最相似链人源化两种人源化方案。人源化后鼠抗人纤维蛋白抗体单链Fv的结构经Profile-3D验证是合理的,置换的表面残基溶液可及性未变,且未影响CDRs的结构,应不会影响与纤维蛋白的亲和力,为鼠抗体人源化实验研究奠定了基础。

超抗原葡萄球菌肠毒素与抗人大肠癌单链抗体ND-1 scFv融合基因的构建、表达及活性分析

目的:构建并表达超抗原葡萄(SEA)和鼠抗人大肠癌单链抗体ND-1scFv的融合蛋白,以提高SEA的靶向杀伤作用。方法:构建超抗原SEA和鼠抗人大肠癌单链抗ND-1scFv的融合基因ND-1 scFv/SEA的表达载体,转化到大肠杆菌E.coli M15中进行诱导表达。Ni-NTA亲和层析对表达产物进行分离、纯化。间接免疫荧光法检测融合蛋白的靶向结合活性,MTT法检测靶向杀伤效率。结果:成功构建了融合基因ND-1scFv/SEA,实现功能性表达,纯化的ND-1scFv/SEA融合蛋白与表达有ND-1相应抗原的大肠癌细胞CCL-187有高度亲和活性,通过激活外周血单核细胞,可特异性杀伤靶细胞,在4μg/mL浓度下对CCL-187的杀伤率达到91%,明显优于SEA的杀伤活性。结论:融合蛋白ND-1 scFv/SEA对大肠癌细胞CCL-187具有靶向结合和杀伤活性,为SEA用于靶向性的大肠癌治疗奠定了基础。

具有GPX活力的抗体片段Fv的制备和性质

具有谷胱甘肽 ( GSH)结合部位的鼠抗体 3 H4 ( Ig M)经胃蛋白酶水解 ,产生分子量为 2 50 0 0的抗体 Fv片段 ,用荧光滴定法测定了它与 GSH的亲和常数 Ka=1 .1 7× 1 0 7L/ mol.该片段经苯甲基磺酰氟活化 ,再经Na HSe作用 ,其结合部位的丝氨酸被突变为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 ( GPX)的催化基团硒代半胱氨酸 .突变后的 Fv片段表现出很高的 GPX活性 ,其活力高达 2 50 0 U/μmol,称为 Fv抗体酶 .动力学分析表明 ,Fv酶的最适温度为 55℃ ,最适 p H为 7.0 ,催化机制为乒乓机制 ,米氏常数分别为 :Km( GSH) =4 .1 6× 1 0 - 3mol/ L,Km( H2 O2 ) =2 .8× 1 0 - 4 mol/

抗卵巢癌单链免疫毒素183B_2ScFvPE38融合蛋白的高效表达及活性测定

目的 制备抗人卵巢癌单链免疫毒素融合蛋白 183B2 ScFvPE38,并对其活性进行测定 ,为卵巢癌导向治疗打下基础。 方法 在异丙基硫代 β D 半乳糖苷 (IPTG)的诱导下 ,高效表达免疫毒素 183B2 ScFvPE38,并采用直接ELISA及细胞毒性实验对抗体及毒素部分的活性进行检查。 结果 表达蛋白 183B2 ScFvPE38以包涵体形式为主高效表达 ,并有少量可溶性表达。该蛋白具有较好的抗体活性及毒素活性。 结论 抗卵巢癌单链免疫毒素183B2 ScFvPE38具有良好的免疫学活性及生物学活性 。