Characteristics of earthquake clustering in and around Japan revealed by single-link cluster analysis

In this study,we apply the single-link cluster(SLC)method to analyze the characteristics of earth-quake clustering in Japan.Among the clustering algorithms,the SLC method is effpctive in characterizing earthquake clusters or isolated events at both global and local scales.The results indicate that link lengths for the whole investigated area in and around Japan follow negative exponential functi-onal or Gamma distribution functional increase.Besides,some difference is revealed among different areas,e.g.,link lengths in the area of the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench are shorter than those in other areas;the densest spatial distribution of the SLC framework is also in the area of the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench.The close investigations indicate that the a and 1/θvalues estimated respectively from the exponential function and Gamma distribution may relate to spatial clustering,which is supported by the results of the distribution of link lengths and the spatial distribution of the SLC framework in the investigated areas.

Single-Link Cluster Method to Identify Foreshocks and Aftershocks

Based on Single-Link Cluster (SLC) analysis,a new method to identify the foreshocks andaftershocks of a strong shock from the earthquake catalogue and then to form a sequencecatalogue has been proposed in this paper.In the SLC frame,there are many chains formedby links with lengths shorter than or equal to the characteristic length Lc.It is defined thatwhen some of these chains connect with a strong shock,the seismic events on such chainsfirm a sequence with the strong shock.In this sequence,the strong shock is the main shock;the events preceding the main shock are foreshocks and those following the main shock areaftershocks.By using this method,the foreshocks and aftershocks associated with the M_s7.4Haicheng earthquake and with the strong shocks of M_s≥6.0 in the top area of Kunlun-AltunArc were identified and sequence catalogues for these strong shocks were set up.

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.

SLC Analysis on Earthquake Activity in the Regions of Sichuan and Yunnan of China

Using the method of Single-link Cluster(SLC),analyzing the pattern of time sliding of SLCparameters,the earthquake activity in the western Sichuan-Yunnan of China is studiedcombining with the regional earthquake catalogue since 1970 and the tectonic background.Comparing with the high level of earthquake activity in 1970’s and the low in 1980’s,theearthquake activity is in general at the middle level in 1990’s.This paper suggests that SLCmethod,which considers the temporal and spatial relationship among earthquake events,could be adopted to analyze the trend of regional earthquake activity,it is very useful forstudying seismic activity.

基于单键群方法的岩石破裂声发射时空分布特征的试验研究

基于声发射定位技术和单键群方法,对在单轴压缩条件下岩石破裂过程中的声发射空间相关长度的变化特征进行试验研究。利用单键群构架的键长分布对声发射事件进行分色,可定量确定声发射事件集中程度。研究结果表明:基于单键群方法,影响声发射空间相关长度变化的因素有2个,一是应力的释放导致空间相关长度的下降;二是应力场的转移导致空间相关长度的增长。根据声发射空间相关长度变化的不同,可将岩石岩样分为3种类型:(1)破坏前无明显塑性变形阶段的岩石岩样,空间相关长度呈现以幂律为特征的加速增长态势,且在岩石破坏前达到最大值;(2)对于破坏前有明显塑性变形阶段的岩石岩样,在塑性变形阶段,应力场的转移和岩石内部局部塑性2种因素的影响使得空间相关出现或增长或下降的波动现象;(3)对于加载过程中出现明显局部裂纹的岩样,局部破裂会导致声发射事件群集,致使空间长度减小,但是对于岩石整个破坏过程,空间相关长度呈现整体的增长趋势。单键群构架的键数具有分形特征,其反映的声发射事件的空间演化特征与空间相关长度所反映的情况一致。空间相关长度的增长反映了岩石内部应力场的长程转移过程。在塑性变形阶段,空间相关长度与之前阶段变化的差异对于预测岩石的破坏具有重要意义。

单键群方法与昆仑山-阿尔金山弧型构造顶部地震时空群集特征

本文以单键群（ＳＬＣ）分析方法为基础，进行了以下研究：（１）对一个地区的地震目录进行分析得到特征键长，并用其对该区地震的时空群集性和离散性进行分析，进而建立分类子目录，以便作针对性的细致处理；（２）定义了几个描述ＳＬＣ构架特点的参数，发展和实现了按时间逐段滑移计算ＳＬＣ构架和这些参数的办法及程序，考察这些参数随时间的变化（尤其是大地震前的变化）；（３）用以上各软件处理了昆仑山－阿尔金山弧型顶部区域的地震目录，得到了一些有意义的结果。

川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群 (即SLC)分析方法 ,通过有关SLC特征参量的时间滑移分析 ,结合 1970年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境 ,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之 70年代和 80年代 ,90年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为 ,SLC方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性 ,可以用来分析区域地震活动趋势 。

用单键群方法研究中国地震时空分布的统计特征

为研究中国地震分布的时空特征，采用时空联合的单键群（ＳＬＣ）方法，计算了１９７０－１９９８年３月间该区域发生的４级和４级以上地震的时空ＳＬＣ构架．对时空ＳＬＣ构架所做的统计分析表明：①截止键长Ｄ在 ５０－８０ｋｍ范围内时，地震集团的个数 Ｔ（ｎ）与集团的大小 ｎ（所含地震个数）之间是自相似分布．在６５ ｋｍ附近，ｌｇＴ（ｎ）与 ｌｇｎ之间的线性相关性最好；②构架的累计键长符合Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布；③在删除前震和余震之后，构架的累计键数也服从Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布．

芦山7.0级地震前地震活动的临界点特征

直接检测大地震之前空间相关长度的增长是一种从观测的地震活动中检测临界点特征的独立的方法。本文研究了2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震前5年震中周围地区中等地震活动的空间相关长度变化。结果表明,从地震前近两年开始,中等地震以上地震的空间相关长度出现明显增长,变化趋势可以用幂次率进行很好的拟合。用该地区没有7级以上强震发生的时段的地震目录采用相同方法进行了计算,没有发现明显的幂次率增长现象,说明强震前中等地震以上地震的空间相关长度的幂次率增长是地震孕育过程中临界点物理特征的表现。

河套地震带Pg波速度过渡区的地震空间相关长度幂律变化

基于Pg波速度反演和地震重新定位,运用单键群算法对Pg波速度过渡带的地震空间相关长度进行了幂律拟合分析.Pg波速度反演结果表明,其速度的横向变化表现出构造相依的特征,速度高低与地壳厚度呈正相关,并在包头—西山嘴凸起和岱海凹陷两个区域形成Pg波速度过渡带.利用重新定位的地震数据计算了这两个速度过渡区的地震空间相关长度,结果显示其幂律拟合曲线均呈一定的增长趋势,表明2008年以来两个Pg波速度过渡区域的应力作用不断集聚、增强,断层有逐步进入协同化阶段的可能,加之速度过渡带通常是地壳运动强烈区域,未来将成为孕育中强地震的有利场所.在有效控制定位误差的条件下,重新定位可以明显减小地震空间相关长度的离散形态,提高计算精度.

2011年日本9.0级地震前地震空间相关长度增长现象

使用单键群方法研究了2011年3月11日日本本州东北部海域9.0级地震前地震空间相关长度变化。结果表明,在本次地震发生前约两年,5级以上地震的空间相关长度开始出现明显增长,变化趋势可以用幂次率进行很好的拟合。用没有7级以上强震发生的时段内的地震目录,采用相同方法进行了计算,没有发现明显的幂次率增长现象,说明强震前5级以上地震的空间相关长度的幂次率增长是地震孕育过程中震源区的物理性质特征的表现之一。

2013年7月22日岷县漳县6.6级地震前地震相关长度增长现象

利用单健群分析方法研究了2013年7月22日岷县漳县6.6级地震前地震空间相关长度增长现象。结果表明,从2011年下半年开始主震周围区域地震空间相关长度明显增长。利用这种特征对可能的大震危险区进行网格式搜索,至少可以对未来强震发生的地点进行初步预测。

利用单键群分析方法研究川滇地区近年来的地震活动

单键群 ( SLC)方法是分析地震活动性的一个有用的工具 ,根据 SLC特征参量的时间滑移计算 ,对川滇地区的地震活动性特征和地震活动趋势进行了总结分析。地震活动事实表明 ,SLC分析及有关的 SLC特征参量可以有效地反映出地震活动的特征 ,并可用来进行地震趋势分析。研究认为 ,川滇地区的地震活动可能将较强。

Study on growing correlation length prior to the earthquakes occurred in Gansu Province and its nearby area

The growing correlation length prior to the moderate-great earthquakes occurred in Gansu Province and its nearby area since 1986 has been studied using the method of single-link cluster analysis (SLC). According to different conditions in the source area, the circular spatial window centered in the epicenter and the parallelgrammic spatial window along the fault belt have been selected. The results show that the phenomena of growing correlation length have been observed before the earthquakes studied in the paper.

Growing correlation length of moderate-sized earthquakes prior to two great earthquakes near Sumatra Island

Seismic correlation length for moderate earthquakes prior to two great earthquakes in the northern sea area of Sumatra Island （Mw9.1 in 2004 and MsS. 6 in 2012） has been studied, using method of Single- Link-Cluster （ SLC ） analysis, and found to show a power-law growth about two years before their occurrences. No such growth was found for a magnitude 7 earthquake in the same area. This result suggests the occurrence of a physical process of critical-point characteristics in the source area before the great earthquakes.