Association between Gene Polymorphisms and SNP-SNP Interactions of the Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Signaling Pathway and the Risk of Vascular Senescence

Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS).Methods In this cross-sectional study,between May and November 2022,peripheral venous blood of151 VS patients(case group)and 233 volunteers(control group)were collected.Fourteen SNPs were identified in five genes encoding the components of the MMP-2 signaling pathway,assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cf PWV),and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The multigene influence on the risk of VS was assessed using multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)and generalized multifactor dimensionality regression(GMDR)modeling.Results Within the multivariate logistic regression models,four SNPs were screened to have significant associations with VS:chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2(CCL2)rs4586,MMP2 rs14070,MMP2rs7201,and MMP2 rs1053605.Carriers of the T/C genotype of MMP2 rs14070 had a 2.17-fold increased risk of developing VS compared with those of the C/C genotype,and those of the T/T genotype had a19.375-fold increased risk.CCL2 rs4586 and MMP-2 rs14070 exhibited the most significant interactions.Conclusion CCL2 rs4586,MMP-2 rs14070,MMP-2 rs7201,and MMP-2 rs1053605 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of VS.

Prevalent false positives of azoospermia factor a （AZFa） microdeletions caused by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs72609647 in the sY84 screening of male infertility

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） has been widely used to detect Y-chromosome micredeletions, which is one of the major causes of male infertility. Both the European Academy of Andrology （EAA） and the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network （EMQN） have recommended the use of sY84 and sY86 markers for the detection of azoospermia factor a （AZFa） microdeletion during DNA testing for male infertility. In this study, a large-scale analysis of AZF microdeletion in a total of 630 Chinese males, including healthy semen donors （n=200）, infertile males with normal sperm count （n=226） and patients with either nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia （n=204）, was performed. A series of nine sequence-tagged site （STS） markers from the AZF region of the Y chromosome was used to detect microdeletions. All primers were designed based on the recommendations of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. An unusually high incidence （73/630, 11.6%） of sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes was observed in the AZFa microdeletion screening. Sequencing the sY84-flanking region revealed a total of 73 patients with sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes have a T-to-G transversion at the fifth base from the 5＇ end of the reverse sY84 primer. These prevalent false positives, which were not only observed in infertile men, but also observed in donors, resulted from a single-nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） named rs72609647 in the targeting sequence of the reverse sY84 primer. Our study suggests that a pre-screening of existence of rs72609647 polymorphism can prevent the frequent false positive results of AZFa microdeletions detection in the infertile Chinese males. Given the SNP rs72609647 was recently found in a deep sequencing of a Chinese individual, the current EAA and EMQN standards may need to be scrutinized among different populations to avoid the potential genetic variations in the primer binding sequences.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Discovery and Linkage Disequilib-rium (LD) in Forest Trees

With completion of the Populus genome sequencing project and the availability of many expressed sequence tags （ESTs） databases in forest trees, attention is now rapidly shifting towards the study of individual genetic variation in natural populations. The most abundant form of genetic variation in many eukaryotic species is represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）, which can account for heritable inter-individual differences in complex phenotypes. Unlike humans, the linkage disequilibrium （LD） rapidly decays within candidate genes in forest trees. Thus, SNPs-based candidate gene association studies are considered to be a most effective approach to dissect the complex quantitative traits in forest trees. The present study demonstrates that LD mapping can be used to identify alleles associated with quantitative traits and suggests that this new approach could be particularly useful for performing breeding programs in forest trees. In this review, we will describe the fundamentals, patterns of SNPs distribution and frequency, summarize recent advances in SNPs discovery and LD and comment on the application of LD in the dissection of complex quantitative traits in forest tress. We also put forward the outlook for future SNPs-based association analysis of quantitative traits in forest trees.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of HLA and Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury in the Han Chinese population

BACKGROUND Polygonum multiflorum is one of the leading causes of herb-induced liver injury in China.HLA-B*35:01 is reported to be a potential biomarker of Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury(PM-DILI).However,little is known about the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and PM-DILI.AIM To identify SNPs that indicate susceptibility to PM-DILI METHODS We conducted a systematic study enrolling 382 participants from four independent hospitals,including 73 PM-DILI patients,118 patients with other drug-induced liver injury(other-DILI) and 191 healthy controls.Whole-exome sequencing was performed for 8 PM-DILI patients and 8 healthy controls who were randomly selected from the above subjects.Nineteen SNPs that showed high frequencies in the 8 PM-DILI patients were selected as candidate SNPs and then screened in 65 PM-DILI patients,118 other-DILI patients and 183 healthy controls using the MassARRAY system.HLA-B high-resolution genotyping was performed for the 73 PM-DILI and 118 other-DILI patients.The Han-MHC database was selected as a population control for HLA-B analysis.P <6.25 x 103 after Bolferroni correction was considered significant.RESULTS The frequencies of rslll686806 in the HLA-A gene,rs1055348 in the HLA-B gene,and rs202047044 in the HLA-DRB1 gene were significantly higher in the PM-DILI group than in the control group [27.2% vs 11.6%,P=1.72×105,odds ratio(OR)=3.96,95% confidence interval(Cl):2.21-7.14;42.5% vs 8.6%,P=1.72×10-19 OR=13.62,95% CI:7.16-25.9;22.9% vs 8.1%,P=4.64×106,OR=4.1,95% CI:2.25-7.47].Only rs1055348 showed a significantly higher frequency in the PM-DILI group than in the other-DILI group(42.5% vs 13.6%,P=1.84×10-10,OR=10.06,95% Cl:5.06-20.0),which suggested that it is a specific risk factor for PM-DILI.rs1055348 may become a tag for HLA-B*35:01 with 100% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity in the PM-DILI group and 100% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity in the other-DILI group.Furthermore,HLA-B*35:01 was confirmed to be associated with PM-DILI with a frequency of 41.1% in the PM-DILI group compared with 11.9%(P=4.30×10-11,OR=11.11,95% CI:5.57-22.19) in the other-DILI group and 2.7%(P=6.22×10-166,OR=62.62,95% Cl:35.91-109.20) in the Han-MHC database.CONCLUSION rslll686806,rs1055348,and rs202047044 are associated with PM-DILI,of which,rs1055348 is specific to PM-DILI.As a tag for HLA-B*35:01,rs1055348 may become an alternative predictive biomarker of PM-DILI.

PLASMA RESISTIN LEVELS AND SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN RESISTIN GENE 5 FLANKING REGION IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE

Objective To analyze the role of resistin in insulin resistance (IR) through investigating the variation of plasma resistin levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in resistin gene 5’ flanking region in stroke patients.Methods In 103 atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI) patients, 85 lacunar infarction (LI) patients, 70 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, and 86 healthy controls, plasma resistin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA , SNPs in resistin gene 5’ flanking region were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. The subjects’ body height and weight, the body mass index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), blood pressure, and the concentration of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were also determined. Results QUICKI was significantly lower in the ACI and ICH patients (0.316±0.037 and 0.309±0.032, respectively) than that in the controls (0.342±0.043, P<0.001), while plasma resistin level was significantly higher in the ACI and ICH patients (6.36±3.79 and 7.15±4.27 ng/mL, respectively) than that in the controls (5.28±2.56 ng/mL, P<0.05), but such difference was not observed in the LI patients compared with controls. There was a statistically negative correlation between plasma resistin level with QUICKI (r=-0.228, P<0.001). The distributions of allele and genotype frequencies of resistin gene -420C>G and -537A>C SNPs were not significantly different among the different groups, and those SNPs were not correlated with other clinical and biochemical parameters.Conclusions Plasma resistin is associated with stroke by participating in the development of IR. The SNPs in resistin gene 5’ flanking region has no impact on the plasma resistin level.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of URAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hyperuricemia

Background: More and more chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are accompanied with hyperuricaemia. As is known, hyperuricaemia is an independent hazard of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases. We aim at identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) difference of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on CKD patient with hyperuricemia and/or gout. Methods: All forty-two CKD patients were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia, and control group. 24 hours urine sample and serum were prepared for testing biochemistry parameters. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method is used to analyze hURAT1 and ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different groups. Results: 17 patients have CT SNP of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and 13 patients have CT SNP of ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 5 persons and 6 persons have the same mutations in control group respectively. 7 patients have CT SNP of both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 2 persons have the same mutations in control group. CT mutation rates of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 60.7% (17/28) and 50% (13/28) respectively, higher than that of control group (35.7% (5/14) and 42.8% (6/14)). What is more, Double SNP mutations in both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 25% (7/28), higher than that of control group (14.2%, 2/14). Conclusion: There are higher mutation rates of CT SNP in hURAT1 (rs7932775) and/or ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group. We can conclude that hyperuricemia is a high risk factor in progress of CKD, which is necessary to take measures of decreasing serum uric acid to delay CKD progress.

Association of Bovine Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition in Japanese Black Steers

Beef from Japanese Black cattle (JBK), is popular in Japan and valued for its highly marbled fat content. In JBK, genes affecting oleic acid content in meat have been studied mainly to lower the fat melting point and improve tenderness;however, there has been no direct correlation demonstrated between beef taste and oleic acid. To investigate genes affecting other fatty acids other than oleic acid, polymorphisms of the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene were genotyped and associations with fatty acid profile in JBK beef were investigated. Amplifications of 5’-flanking regions, 12 exons, and 3’-untranslated regions of the FADS2 gene in three Japanese and five Western cattle breeds via PCR, were amplified, sequenced and SNPs were identified using specific TaqMan genotyping assay. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular adipose tissue of the Trapezius muscle was analyzed in JBK steers. Six of the 15 identified SNPs are novel and have never been registered in any public bovine SNP database. A non-synonymous SNP (rs211580559;C > T;294 Ala > Val) in exon 7 was examined in order to evaluate its association with fatty acid profiles. The data showed that highly significant association existed between rs211580559 and C18:2 (n-6) composition, and accounted for 22.3% of the variation. There were no significant relationships between rs2115-80559 and the other fatty acids. It was concluded that rs211580559 of the FADS2 gene may be a useful selection marker for reducing unfavorable volatiles generated from linoleic acid in JBK beef during the cooking process.

基于全基因组SNPs标记对河南斗鸡遗传多样性及选择信号分析

【目的】对河南斗鸡品种的遗传多样性与全基因组选择信号进行分析,挖掘河南斗鸡品种重要的种质特性基因。【方法】使用AffymetrixAxiom 600K高密度鸡基因分型芯片对来自9个品种的173只鸡的群体(包括20只河南斗鸡及153只商品鸡)进行基因分型;计算各个品种的期望杂合度、观测杂合度、次等位基因频率及核苷酸多样性评估地方鸡群体的遗传多样性;通过构建系统发育树、主成分分析、祖先成分分析方法研究品种的群体结构;利用斗鸡与商品鸡的成对遗传分化指数值进行选择信号分析。【结果】河南斗鸡及各商品鸡群体的观测杂合度为0.153~0.311,期望杂合度为0.158~0.315,次等位基因频率为0.111~0.234,核苷酸多样性为9.77×10^(-5)~1.56×10^(-4),且斗鸡的遗传多样性低于商品肉鸡品种,高于商品蛋鸡品种。系统发育树、主成分分析及祖先成分分析表明品种间有明显的群体分化。河南斗鸡与商品鸡群的主成分分析发现,河南斗鸡与商品肉鸡品种的遗传距离相对较近;将河南斗鸡和商品鸡群进行遗传选择信号后分析发现,河南斗鸡在神经,骨骼肌肉发育,免疫等性状经过高度选择。【结论】本研究从全基因组水平探究了河南斗鸡的遗传多样性和群体结构,筛选出候选基因,为河南斗鸡遗传资源保护和利用提供参考。

欧拉羊角性状相关RXFP2基因SNPs检测及分析

旨在分析有角和无角欧拉羊群体RXFP2基因对犄角表型的调控作用及相关SNP分子标记,以期为欧拉羊的遗传改良、品种培育提供技术支持。通过采集青海省河南县健康成年欧拉羊母羊血液样品100份,其中有角、无角各50份,提取DNA,随机选取有角、无角样品各15份开展全基因组测序,随后采用多重PCR扩增全部血样验证RXFP2基因SNP。全基因组检测结果表明,包含RXFP2基因在内的欧拉羊10号染色体存在强选择信号,最强选择信号出现在RXFP2基因区段;多重PCR检测验证了全基因组重测序筛查到的4个编码区SNP的准确性,并检测到7个欧拉羊RXFP2基因内含子区域高频SNPs(29508704G>A、29509428A>C、29509766G>A、29512170G>A、29512176G>A、29514968T>A、29521377C>A);经统计检验,该7个SNP位点的基因型在犄角有无表型上表现出分离,纯合子基因型均100%表现为无角或有角,杂合子基因型89.66%表现为无角,10.34%表现为有角;突变等位基因频率小于野生等位基因频率,群体表现为哈代温伯格不平衡状态,受到人工选择强度大,但多态信息含量中等,选育改良潜力仍较大。综上,确认了RXFP2基因在欧拉羊群体中对犄角有无的强调控作用,并筛选出了欧拉羊RXFP2基因的7个犄角有无表型的分子标记,相关结果可作为欧拉羊无角性状群体的遗传改良的分子标记。

Digital Barcode Development for Single Nuclotide Polymorphism (SNP) Identification of Suzhong Swine Individuals

Suzhong swine is a hybrid breed derived from Taihu sows and Landraee boars. To identify Suzhong swine individuals and trace the source of pork products, single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） identification of Suzhong swine individuals was studied. A total of 29 pairs of primers were designed and sev- en pairs of primers were used for identification of Suzhong swine individuals. The products amplified by seven pairs of primers could be directly sequenced, with clean sequencing map background and no ambiguity in sequence read. Totally 52 SNPs loci were amplified by seven pairs of primers, and 41 SNPs loci were reserved for identification of Suzhong swine individuals through correlation analysis and heterezygosity filtration （ H ≥0.1 ）. Meantime, the digital barcodes for SNP identification of 96 individuals of Suzhong swine derived from seven boars and 12 sows were developed, which well distinguished 96 individuals of Suzhong swine. Theoretically, 41SNPs amplified by seven pairs of primers could be used for identification of 5.0 × 10^6 pig individuals. Therefore, digital barcode devel- opment method for SNP identification of Suzbong swine individuals can be used for individual identification of Suzhong swine in scale pig farm and meat product traceability.

Development of organelle single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and their application for the identification of cytoplasmic inheritance patterns in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

The genus Pyropia contains several important cultivated species.Genetic research in nori species has mainly focused on the cell nucleus,with few studies on organelles(chloroplast and mitochondria).Due to the high copy numbers of organelles in cells,which influence the development and traits of algae,it is necessary to study their genetic mechanism.In this study,the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis,an important economic macroalga,was selected as the study object.To investigate organelle(chloroplast and mitochondria)inheritance in P.yezoensis,the wild type RZ(maternal strain)was crossed with the red mutant HT(paternal strain)and 30 color-sectors from 11 F1 gametophytic blades were examined.The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the red mutant(HT)were assembled for the first time.One reliable and stable single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci filtrated by bioinformatics analysis was used as a molecular marker for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA,respectively,in subsequent experiments.PCR amplification and sequence analysis showed that the haplotypes of color-sectors detected were consistent with those of the maternal parent,confirming that both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were inherited maternally in P.yezoensis.The inheritance pattern of organelles in P.yezoensis can be used to guide the hybridization and breeding of nori.Additionally,the organelle SNP markers developed in this study can be applied in subsequent genetic research.

Maternal TMPRSS6 Gene Polymorphism rs855791SNP in Women with Preeclampsia

Introduction: Preeclampsia can lead to several maternal and perinatal adverse effects. There are few published data on the association between transmembrane serine protease 6 (TMPRSS6) gene polymorphism and preeclampsia. Objective: To assess the association between TMPRSS6 gene polymorphism rs855791SNP in women with preeclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women. Method: A case-control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted at Saad Abuaela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered through a questionnaire. The participant was genotype for TMPRSS6 gene rs855791SNP using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Result: There was no significant difference in the median of age, parity, and body mass index. The distribution of the genotypes and alleles of TMPRSS6 rs855791 was consistent with the HWE. The overall TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism was not significantly associated with preeclampsia. However, the proportion of heterozygotes (TC) was considerably higher in the women with preeclampsia (46.7%) than in the control group (23.3%) (p = 0.001;OR = 2.71;95% CI = 1.21 - 6.07). The proportion of homozygotes (TT) and T alleles was not significantly different between women with preeclampsia and the control group. Conclusion: The overall TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism was not significantly associated with preeclampsia and healthy control.

利用DNA池和测序技术快速筛查SNPs及估算基因频率

选取产蛋性能具有明显差异的 4个鸡品种(莱航鸡、阳山鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡和隐性白洛克鸡 )构建品种DNA池,采用测序的方法研究鸡催乳素基因 5′侧翼调控区远端序列 (1 028bp)的多态性,快速筛查到 8个可能与产蛋性能相关的SNPs(C 2402T、T 2192C、C 2161G、C 2134G、C 2062G、G 2040A、A 1944G和C 1884A)。进一步利用测序图中SNP等位基因峰高的比值估算各鸡品种等位基因的频率,其中C 2402T、C 2161G、C 1884A和C 2062G、G 2040A位点等位基因频率的估算结果分别被PCR RFLP、PCR SSCP所验证,说明测序峰高比值估算等位基因频率的方法具有一定的可行性。

日本沼虾ITS1序列分析及SNPs位点的筛选

研究采用直接测序法,分析日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)rDNA基因内转录间隔区ITS1的DNA序列,以筛选日本沼虾SNPs位点。共分析了32个太湖水域野生日本沼虾样本,结果表明,日本沼虾ITS1序列平均长度为1749.8bp,是迄今已报道的最长的ITS1序列,A、G、T和C的平均含量分别为29.9%、28.3%、27.7%、14.0%,G+C的含量平均为42.3%。通过序列比对,共筛选出22个SNPs位点,SNPs位点出现频率为0.0126,其中9个为C/T转换(占40.91%),4个为A/G转换(占18.18%),2个为A/T颠换(占9.09%),5个为T/G颠换(占22.73%),1个为A/C颠换(占4.55%),1个A/T或C颠换(占4.55%)。日本沼虾ITS1序列的22个SNP位点中,21个位点为2个等位基因,1个位点出现了3个等位基因,为复等位基因位点。日本沼虾ITS1序列中还发现3个具有多态性的微卫星位点、1个高度变异区以及大量的缺失、插入。研究首次对日本沼虾ITS1序列进行了分析,并发现了大量的SNP位点,为日本沼虾遗传育种研究提供了新的分子标记。

多倍体植物中单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的开发

单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是指在基因组水平上由单核苷酸的变异所引起的一种DNA序列多态性.在人、拟南芥、水稻等二倍体生物中,已经开发出大量的SNP标记并被用于群体结构分析、关联作图等研究,而在棉花、油菜、小麦等多倍体植物中,SNP的开发与应用却进展迟缓.为促进多倍体植物中SNP的开发,本文对多倍体植物中SNP标记开发所遇到的难题进行了阐述,并对多倍体中SNP标记开发方法进行了梳理,包括位点特异性引物的PCR片段直接测序,利用多倍体的近缘二倍体区分SNPs和部分同源序列间的差异(homoeologous sequence variants,HSVs),利用2代测序技术大规模发掘SNPs,基于公共数据库的序列通过生物信息学分析获取候选SNPs,通过遗传(分离)模式的研究验证SNPs等.利用上述方法可实现多倍体植物中SNP标记的大规模开发.

大口黑鲈转录组SNPs筛选及其与生长的关联分析

为开发人工饲料代替冰鲜杂鱼养殖大口黑鲈的分子标记,以食用冰鲜鱼和配合饲料的同批大口黑鲈为研究材料,利用RNA-Seq(RNA sequencing)技术挖掘SNPs(Single nucleotide polymorphisms)标记,并以关联分析筛选可用于育种的候选标记。转录组进行测序共获得174 M数据,8681个SNPs位点。挑选其中具有表达差异的50个SNPs位点进行SNa Pshot分型,结果39个分型成功,其中有4个为假阳性,通过转录组技术开发出SNPs标记35个,成功率为70.0%。为进一步检验这些标记是否可用于评估驯食饲料的大口黑鲈选育研究,研究以327尾摄食人工配合饲料的大口黑鲈为试验材料,SPSS软件进行一般线性模型分析SNPs的不同基因型与生长性状的相关性,结果显示有2个SNPs位点与体质量、全长和体高等生长性状存在显著相关性(P<0.05),可作为候选标记用于大口黑鲈的分子辅助育种。由于转录组数据直接反应基因的表达情况,从中挖掘与性状相关的优势基因型与分子标记的成功率高,效果较好。同时也为解决大口黑鲈选育研究中标记缺乏提供了有效途径,为选育提供遗传依据、加速育种进程。

抑郁症患者单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)分布特征的潜在类别分析

目的介绍潜在类别模型的原理及技术,应用此技术分析抑郁性疾病的单核苷酸多态性位点SNPs的潜在分布,探讨潜在类别间的差异与含义。方法采用Mplus软件,对抑郁患者单核苷酸多态性7个SNPs检测数据进行潜在类别分析。结果通过潜在类别分析把7个SNPs检测数据分为两个类别,类别1以杂合子为主,类别2以纯合子为主,结合个体特质应对特征发现,类别1具有消极应对高倾向性,而类别2具有消极应对低倾向性。结论潜在类别模型综合了结构方程模型与对数线性模型的思想,形成了自身的优势,其目的在于以最少的潜在类别数目来解释显变量之间的关联,由此提示我们潜在类别模型可以推广应用于基因组学与基因治疗等新兴领域。

草鱼GSTR基因外显子1、外显子2的SNPs筛选及其与生长性状的关联分析

根据草鱼EST数据库中的rho型谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因cDNA序列设计引物,扩增预计存在的SNP位点。采用PCR产物测序法和PCR-RFLP法,在珠江水系草鱼养殖群体中筛选到2个SNP位点,分别位于外显子1和外显子2上,为C-T突变,且属于同义突变,统计了多态位点在群体中的分布:C+129T位点CC型占0.69%,TC型占8.75%,TT型占80.56%;C+192T位点CC型占25.4%,TC型占48.6%,TT型占26.1%。利用一般线性模型将SNPs与草鱼6个生长性状进行关联分析,结果表明,C+129T位点TT型个体6个生长性状均值比TC型高(P>0.05);C+192T位点TT型个体体质量均值高于TC型和CC型个体(P<0.05)。双倍型关联分析表明D1型个体的体质量均值明显高于D3型和D6型(P<0.05),因而可以考虑将GSTR基因作为影响草鱼体质量等生长性状的候选基因,应用于草鱼分子辅助育种。

延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素启动子SNPs与原发性高血压的相关性

为了探讨延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素基因启动子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与原发性高血压(EH)的关系,文章采用PCR产物直接测序方法检测了220例EH患者和268例对照个体的脂联素启动子5个SNPs位点:-11426A>G(rs16861194)、-11391G>A(rs17300539)、-11377C>G(rs62620185)、-11156insCA(rs60806105)、-11043C>T(rs76786086),氧化酶法测定空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆脂联素和胰岛素。结果显示:(1)-11426A>G、-11377C>G和-11156insCA3个位点具有多态性,且它们的基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05),-11391G>A和-11043C>T位点无多态性;(2)-11426A>G和-11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡(D’=1;r2=1);(3)-11426G基因频率比较,朝鲜族(21.10%)高于汉族(12.05%),汉族EH组高于对照组;-11377C>G的基因型和基因频率在朝鲜族和汉族间及同一民族内EH组和对照组间比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)单倍型-11426G-11377C的频率,汉族EH组高于对照组(P<0.05),朝鲜族EH组和对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);(5)EH组的血浆脂联素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。据此得出结论:(1)首次发现-11426A>G和-11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡,-11426A>G的多态性在朝鲜族和汉族中存在民族差异;(2)-11426G和-11426G-11377C是延边汉族EH的危险因子和危险单倍型,但不是朝鲜族的;(3)低血浆脂联素是延边朝鲜族和汉族EH的重要危险因素;(4)血浆脂联素水平与-11426A>G基因型无关。

凡纳滨对虾α-淀粉酶基因的SNPs检测

利用PCR产物直接测序法,对凡纳滨对虾SPR和SPF 2个品种共40个样本的α-淀粉酶基因(GenBank序列号:AJ133526)的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)进行了研究。找到9个SNPs,分别为:C127T、A138G、T951C、T1083C、C1457T、A2147C、A2226G、A2297G和T2306C。其中1个SNP是第4外显子中的错义突变,2个SNPs分别是第5和第7外显子中的同义突变,6个SNPs是内含子中的突变。这些结果可为凡纳滨对虾的研究提供遗传学依据。