Modified technical protocol for single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using needle-type grasping forceps for acute simple appendicitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Because of the mild inflammatory status in acute uncomplicated appendicitis,our team developed a novel technical protocol for single-port laparoscopic appendec-tomy using needle-type grasping forceps(SLAN)and achieved positive clinical outcomes.However,the intraoperative procedure lacked stability and fluency due to a series of problems highlighted by the small incision design of the proto-col(only 1 cm long).Therefore,there is a growing clinical demand to further opti-mize the SLAN protocol.CASE SUMMARY An adult male patient was admitted for persistent right lower abdominal pain with preoperative computed tomography findings suggestive of appendicitis accompanied by localized peritonitis.A modified technical protocol for SLAN based on minimally invasive surgical principles was used,and the patient was confirmed to have acute simple appendicitis by postoperative pathological ana-lysis.Postoperative recovery was uneventful,and no postoperative complications,such as incision infection or severe incision pain,were observed.The patient was discharged successfully on postoperative day 2.CONCLUSION The modified technical protocol of SLAN may be a new minimally invasive surgical alternative for patients with acute simple appendicitis.

Gasless Laparoscopic Surgery plus Abdominal Wall Lifting for Giant Hiatal Hernia——Our Single-center Experience

Giant hiatal hernia（GHH） comprises 5% of hiatal hernia and is associated with significant complications.The traditional operative procedure,no matter transthoracic or transabdomen repair of giant hiatal hernia,is characteristic of more invasion and more complications.Although laparoscopic repair as a minimally invasive surgery is accepted,a part of patients can not tolerate pneumoperitoneum because of combination with cardiopulmonary diseases or severe posterior mediastinal and neck emphesema during operation.The aim of this article was to analyze our experience in gasless laparoscopic repair with abdominal wall lifting to treat the giant hiatal hernia.We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing gasless laparoscopic repair of GHH with abdominal wall lifting from 2012 to 2015 at our institution.The GHH was defined as greater than one-third of the stomach in the chest.Gasless laparoscopic repair of GHH with abdominal wall lifting was attempted in 27 patients.Mean age was 67 years.The results showed that there were no conversions to open surgery and no intraoperative deaths.The mean duration of operation was 100 min（range：90–130 min）.One-side pleura was injured in 4 cases（14.8%）.The mean postoperative length of stay was 4 days（range：3–7 days）.Median follow-up was 26 months（range：6–38 months）.Transient dysphagia for solid food occurred in three patients（11.1%）,and this symptom disappeared within three months.There was one patient with recurrent hiatal hernia who was reoperated on.Two patients still complained of heartburn three months after surgery.Neither reoperation nor endoscopic treatment due to signs of postoperative esophageal stenosis was required in any patient.Totally,satisfactory outcome was reported in 88.9% patients.It was concluded that the gasless laparoscopic approach with abdominal wall lifting to the repair of GHH is feasible,safe,and effective for the patients who cannot tolerate the pneumoperitoneum.

Overview of single-port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers: Past, present, and the future

Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is implemented through a tailored minimal single incision through which a number of laparoscopic instruments access. Introduction of operation-customized port system, utilization of a camera without a separate external light, and instruments with different lengths has brought the favorable environment for SPLS. However, performing SPLS still creates several hardships compared to multiport laparoscopic surgery; a single-port system inevitably leads to clashing of surgical instruments due to crowding. To overcome such difficulties, investigators has developed novel concepts and maneuvers, including the concept of inverse triangulation and the maneuvers of pivoting, spreading out dissection, hanging suture, and transluminal traction. The final destination of SPLS is expected to be a completely seamless operation, maximizing the minimal invasiveness. Specimen extraction through the umbilicus can undermine cosmesis by inducing a larger incision. Therefore, hybrid laparoscopic technique, which combined laparoscopic surgical technique with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) - i.e., transvaginal or transanal route-, has been developed. SPLS and NOSE seemed to be the best combination in pursuit of minimal invasiveness. In the near future, robotic SPLS with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery’s way of specimen extraction seems to be pursued. It is expected to provide a completely or nearly complete seamless operation regardless of location of the lesion in the abdomen.

Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A non-randomized,agematched single center trial

AIM: To compare the safety of single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomies with standard four-port cholecystectomies.METHODS: Between January 2011 and December 2012 datas were gathered from 100 consecutive patients who received a single-port cholecystectomy. Patient baseline characteristics of all 100 single-port cholecystectomies were collected(body mass index, age, etc.) in a database. This group was compared with 100 age-matched patients who underwent a conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the same period. Retrospectively, per- and postoperative data were added. The two groups were compared to each other using independent t-tests and χ2-tests, P values below 0.05 were considered significantly different.RESULTS: No differences were found between both groups regarding baseline characteristics. Operating time was significantly shorter in the total single-port group(42 min vs 62 min, P < 0.05); in procedures performed by surgeons the same trend was seen(45 min vs 59 min, P < 0.05). Peroperative complications between both groups were equal(3 in the single-port group vs 5 in the multiport group; P = 0.42). Although not significant less postoperative complications were seen in the single-port group compared with the multiport group(3 vs 9; P = 0.07). No statistically significant differences were found between both groupswith regard to length of hospital stay, readmissions and mortality. CONCLUSION: Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has the potential to be a safe technique with a low complication rate, short in-hospital stay and comparable operating time. Single-port cholecystectomy provides the patient an almost non-visible scar while preserving optimal quality of surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to prove the safety of the single-port technique.

Technical and instrumental prerequisites for single-port laparoscopic solo surgery:state of art

With the aid of advanced surgical techniques and instruments, single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS) can be accomplished with just two surgical members: an operator and a camera assistant. Under these circumstances, the reasonable replacement of a human camera assistant by a mechanical camera holder has resulted in a new surgical procedure termed singleport solo surgery(SPSS). In SPSS, the fixation and coordinated movement of a camera held by mechanicaldevices provides fixed and stable operative images that are under the control of the operator. Therefore, SPSS primarily benefits from the provision of the operator's eye-to-hand coordination. Because SPSS is an intuitive modification of SPLS, the indications for SPSS are the same as those for SPLS. Though SPSS necessitates more actions than the surgery with a human assistant, these difficulties seem to be easily overcome by the greater provision of static operative images and the need for less lens cleaning and repositioning of the camera. When the operation is expected to be difficult and demanding, the SPSS process could be assisted by the addition of another instrument holder besides the camera holder.

A Systematic Review on Efficacy and Safety of Gasless Laparoscopy in the Management of Uterine Leiomyoma

Uterine leiomyoma causes considerable morbidity in women. This study systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of gasless laparoscopic myomectomy（GLM） in the management of uterine leiomyoma by comparing GLM with other minimally invasive procedures. Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, WANFANG database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） were searched for studies published in English or Chinese between January 1995 and May 2015, and related references were traced. Study outcomes from randomized controlled trials and retrospective cohort studies were presented as mean difference（MD） or odds ratio（OR） with a 95% confidence interval（CI）. Seventeen studies（including 1862 patients） meeting the inclusion criteria, including 934 treated with GLM and 928 treated with other minimally invasive procedures were reviewed. The results of meta-analysis revealed that GLM resulted in significantly shorter operating time [MD=–10.34, 95% CI（–18.12, –2.56）, P〈0.00001], shorter hospital stay [MD=–0.47, 95% CI（–0.88, –0.06）], less time to flatus [MD=–2.04, 95% CI（–2.59, –1.48）], less postoperative complications [OR=0.20, 95% CI（0.06, 0.62）] and less blood loss [MD =–30.74, 95% CI（–47.50, –13.98）]. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in duration of post-operative fever [MD=–0.52, 95% CI（–1.46, 0.42）] between the two groups. Additionally, GLM was associated with lower febrile morbidity, lower postoperative abdominal pain, and higher postoperative hemoglobin than other minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. In conclusion, GLM and other minimally invasive procedures are feasible, safe, and reliable for uterine leiomyoma treatment. However, available studies show that GLM is more effective and safer than other minimally invasive approaches.

Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in pediatric living donor liver transplantation by single-port approach:A case report

BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopy has been used in a variety of abdominal operations.We report the first case of single-port laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in pediatric laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old man volunteered for living liver donation to his daughter who was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension after the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia.His body mass index was 20.5 kg/m2.Liver dynamic computed tomography showed:(1)Left lateral graft volume of 232.76 cm3 with a graft-torecipient weight ratio of 2.59%;and(2)Right hepatic artery derived from the superior mesenteric artery.A single-port access system was placed through a transumbilical incision,including four trocars:two 12-mm ports for a camera and endoscopic stapler and two 5-mm working ports.Liver parenchyma was dissected by a Harmonic and Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator,while bipolar was used for coagulation.The bile duct was transected above the bifurcation by indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography.The specimen was retrieved from the umbilical incision.The total operation time was 4 h without blood transfusion.The final graft weight was 233.6 g with graft-torecipient weight ratio of 2.60%.The donor was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 4.CONCLUSION Single-port laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy is feasible in pediatric laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation in an experienced transplant center.

Single-port laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid volvulus

AIM:To report our experience with single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)for sigmoid volvulus(SV).METHODS:Between October 2009 and April 2013,10patients underwent SPLS for SV.SPLS was performed transumbilically or through a predetermined stoma site.Conventional straight and rigid-type laparoscopic instruments were used.After intracorporeal,segmental resection of the affected sigmoid colon,the specimen was extracted through the single-incision site.Patientdemographics and perioperative data were analyzed.RESULTS:SPLS for SV was successful in all 10 patients(4,resection and primary anastomosis;6,Hartmann’s procedure).The median operative time and postoperative hospitalization period were 168(range,85-315)min and 6.5(range,4-29)d,respectively.No intraoperative complications were noted;there were 2 postoperative complications,including 1 anastomotic leak.CONCLUSION:SPLS was a safe and feasible therapeutic approach for SV,when performed by a surgeon experienced in conventional laparoscopic surgery.

Evaluation of the Single-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Learning Curve

Background: The use of single-port laparoscopy has gained popularity within recent years. Part of the appeal in learning this approach is that it draws heavily from concepts mastered through conventional laparoscopy. Various studies have shown the efficacy and feasibility of the single-port laparoscopic approach, but there are few that examine the learning curve in adopting this new technique. Objective: Our goal was to better define the learning curve in performing a single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Design: A review of prospectively gathered operative data was performed to analyze the results of single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomies performed within our institution by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The first 100 cases were divided into quintiles. Comparisons were made among the cohorts regarding patient demographics, operative time, length of stay, conversions, and complications. Results: There was no difference among quintiles with regard to age, sex, BMI, or ASA class. Operative time, conversions, length of stay, and number of complications did not significantly vary among each group of patients. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss and length of stay between the fifth cohort and the others due to one patient’s poor outcome. Conclusions: The single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy learning curve for surgeons already skilled in laparoscopy is short. There are few differences in various outcome measures among groups at any stage in the learning curve. The skills utilized to perform conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery readily translate to the single-port approach and result in proficiency from nearly the start.

Clinical Research of Transumbilical Singleport Laparoscopic Treatment For Pediatric Intussusception

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of single port laparoscopic surgery through the umbilical cord for the treatment of pediatric intussusception.Method:Clinical data of 38 cases of pediatric intussusception treated with umbilical single port laparoscopic surgery from December 2017 to June 2019 were collected.The surgical method involves placing Trocar through the umbilical incision to establish pneumoperitoneum,inserting a single hole with a 0°laparoscopic operating channel,exploring intussusception,and performing non-invasive forceps to completely reduce it.After the reduction of intussusception,if intestinal malformation is found,the umbilical incision can be expanded to lift the diseased intestinal tract out of the abdominal cavity for resection.At the same time,clinical data of 24 children who underwent traditional porous laparoscopic intussusception surgery during the same period were collected,and the surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and satisfaction score of incision aesthetics were compared between the two groups of children.Result:Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgery,and compared with the porous laparoscopic group,the single hole laparoscopic group had a shorter surgical time[(32.4±8.6)minutes vs.(40.6±9.8)minutes,P<0.05],decreased bleeding volume[(5.5±1.5)mL vs.(8.6±2.2)mL,P<0.05],significantly shortened postoperative hospital stay[(4.6±1.2)d vs.(6.2±1.4)d,P<0.05],and significantly increased satisfaction score with incision aesthetics[(4.2±0.8)points vs.(3.2±0.7)points,P<0.05].Follow up for 6 months to 2 years showed no recurrence of intussusception.Conclusion:Transumbilical single port laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method for children with intussusception,which is characterized by small trauma,fast recovery,short operation time,and better aesthetic effect.

腹壁提升免气腹腹腔镜手术

目的 :探索一种免除CO2 气腹的腹腔镜手术方式。方法 :设计一种器械———腹壁提升器 ,采用机械升降牵拉的方法提升腹壁形成腹腔手术空间 ,完成腹腔镜胆囊或阑尾切除。手术在连续硬膜外麻醉下进行。结果 :使用腹壁提升器免气腹的方法成功完成 2 0例胆囊切除 ,8例阑尾切除。胆囊切除平均手术时间 6 2min ,阑尾切除平均手术时间 45min。术后恢复顺利。结论 :腹壁提升器免气腹腹腔镜手术是一种全新、实用、可行、安全的微创手术方法 ,避免了气腹腹腔高压和全麻的诸多并发症 ,扩展了腹腔镜手术的应用范围 。

腹腔镜胆总管空肠吻合术的改良

目的 :研究改良非气腹腹腔镜胆总管空肠吻合术 (MGLCJS)的手术设计及其安全性与可行性。方法 :设计并开展了MGLCJS 5例 ,包括腹腔镜下肝门部胆管狭窄矫形术 1例。结果 :手术均获成功 ,无严重手术并发症。结论 :所开展的MGLCJS达到了微创外科手术效果 ,而且安全简便、省时省费、适合国情、便于推广 ,故值得应用。

悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜与气腹腹腔镜在子宫肌瘤切除术中的多中心、随机对照研究

目的:比较悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜与气腹腹腔镜在子宫肌瘤切除术中的可行性、安全性及手术效果。方法:将3家医院收治的474例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为2组,分别采用悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜(239例)和传统气腹腹腔镜(235例)行子宫肌瘤切除术。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中切除肌瘤数、术后腹腔引流量、术后体温持续时间、肛门排气时间等情况。结果:两种手术方式均能完成子宫肌瘤的切除。悬吊式腹腔镜组和气腹腹腔镜组的平均手术时间分别为(65.5±12.5)min和(100.0±10.5)min,剥除肌瘤数目分别为(6.0±1.4)个和(2.2±1.3)个,术中失血量分别为(110.5±30.5)ml和(250.4±35.3)ml,术后腹腔引流量分别为(120.5±23.0)ml和(260.2±31.5)ml,均差异显著(P<0.01);而术后体温持续时间、肛门排气时间和平均住院时间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜与气腹腹腔镜均能成功地进行子宫肌瘤的切除,但悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜显示出更多的优势。

悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜手术23例临床分析

目的:探讨悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜手术治疗妇科疾病的疗效及优势。方法:回顾性分析我院行悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜手术的患者23例的临床资料,并分析其手术情况和术后恢复情况。结果:19例患者在无气腹腹腔镜下完成手术,3例患者补充二氧化碳后低气腹压下完成手术,1例患者卵巢囊肿粘连严重,中转开腹。术后2例患者季肋下痛,1例患者双肩痛,均自愈。结论:悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜手术能成功治疗妇科疾病,并有一定优势。

无气腹与气腹腹腔镜子宫切除术的临床初步评估

目的探讨应用无气腹腹腔镜行子宫切除术的可行性及其优点。方法比较2003年10月-2008年10月无气腹36例与气腹39例腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的手术时间、出血量、切除的子宫重量、术后病率、抗生素使用时间、住院时间、麻醉费用、手术费用、住院总费用。无气腹组18例合并心、肺疾病,为气腹禁忌证。结果与气腹组相比,无气腹组手术时间短[（81.0±18.5）min vs（96.5±15.4）min,t=-3.95,P=0.000）],术中出血量少[（53.8±31.6）ml vs（74.2±33.5）ml,t=-2.71,P=0.001],麻醉费用少[（923.6±223.3）元vs（1585.1±253.4）元,t=-12.01,P=0.000],但术后抗生素使用时间长[（5.0±1.0）d vs（3.2±0.9）d,t=14.14,P=0.000],术后住院时间长[（6.1±0.8）d vs（4.6±0.8）d,t=7.65,P=0.000]。2组术中切除子宫重量、术后病率、手术费用、住院总费用差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论无气腹腹腔镜子宫切除术是可行的,尤其对有心、肺合并症者,具有较高的临床应用价值。

妇科非气腹腹腔镜手术59例报告

目的探讨妇科非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床效果。方法1997年10月-2005年10月对59例有心肺疾病有气腹腹腔镜手术禁忌证者采用硬膜外麻醉,克氏针和自制的腹壁提拉装置提拉腹壁,施行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术25例,卵巢囊肿剥除术19例,附件切除术3例,输卵管切除术6例,输卵管妊娠部位局部药物注射2例,输卵管绝育手术4例。结果手术时间:附件手术15-110min,平均55 min;腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术75-110 min,平均90 min。10例因盆腔粘连较重术中辅以低压气腹(压力7-8 mm Hg),余49例均在非气腹腹腔镜下完成。无手术并发症发生,除子宫切除术外患者均术后6 h下地活动。随访3个月-7年,平均2.3年,术后恢复好。结论非气腹腹腔镜手术可在非全麻下进行,对心肺功能干扰小,手术时间短,并发症少,术后恢复快,值得在临床推广。

免气腹腹腔镜在妇科手术中应用的临床研究

目的研究免气腹腹腔镜在妇科手术中的应用价值。方法应用免气腹腹腔镜行妇科手术56例(卵巢囊肿剥除24例,子宫肌瘤挖除32例),气腹腹腔镜行妇科手术61例(卵巢囊肿剥除33例,子宫肌瘤挖除28例),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量及术后恢复情况。结果免气腹组卵巢囊肿剥除的平均时间多于气腹组(P<0.05),而肌瘤挖除所需时间和术中出血量均显著少于气腹组(P<0.01),术后体温升高、腹痛及肛门排气时间两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论免气腹腹腔镜手术不但可避免二氧化碳气腹的并发症,而且缝合、打结等操作简单易行,特别在子宫肌瘤挖除术中占有明显优势,值得推广运用。

全胸腔镜联合非气腹腹腔镜辅助食管癌根治术与常规手术的对比研究

目的探讨全胸腔镜联合非气腹腹腔镜辅助食管癌根治术较常规开胸手术的优势。方法 2006年11月～2008年5月施行电视胸腔镜联合非气腹腹腔镜辅助食管癌根治术111例(研究组),同期施行常规开胸手术110例(对照组),比较2组患者临床疗效。结果研究组手术时间(272.3±57.9)min显著长于对照组(218.7±91.0)min(t=5.229,P=0.000);研究组术中出血量(219.7±194.4)ml显著少于对照组(590.0±324.4)ml(t=-10.304,P=0.000);研究组术后住院时间(9.6±1.7)d显著短于对照组(11.4±2.3)d(t=6.620,P=0.000)。研究组术后切口液化发生率为0,显著低于对照组6.3%(7/111)(P=0.007)。对照组清扫淋巴结(39.2±12.5)枚,显著少于研究组(44.3±21.0)枚(t=-2.191,P=0.029)。2组病人术后生存率无统计学差异(log-rank检验,χ2=0.348,P=0.555)。结论 全胸腔镜联合非气腹腹腔镜辅助食管癌根治术出血少、恢复快、并发症少、淋巴结清扫更彻底,尽管手术时间较常规手术长,但远期疗效与常规手术相同。

非气腹腹腔镜技术的临床应用

目的研究非气腹腹腔镜手术的设计及安全性与可行性. 方法应用非气腹装置(gassless laparoscopic device,GLD)在腹腔镜下行胆总管切开取石T管引流术124例,胆总管切开取石一期缝合术56例,胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠吻合术1例,改良非气腹腹腔镜胆总管空肠吻合术15例,手助腹腔镜脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术1例,非气腹装置辅助腹腔镜脾切除术1例. 结果手术均获成功,无严重手术并发症.129例胆道手术者随访1～9年,1例复发;2例脾脏手术者随访3～12个月,无复发. 结论所开展的非气腹腹腔镜手术达到了微创外科手术效果,安全可行.

胸腔镜联合非气腹腹腔镜辅助行门脉高压断流术12例

目的 探索胸腹腔镜技术在门脉高压症的应用。 方法 利用胸腹腔镜实施贲门周围血管离断、脾切除、大网膜包肺手术 12例。 结果 本组病例手术均获成功。手术时间 (2 .5～ 5 .2 )小时 ,平均 3.3小时。 (48～ 72 )小时恢复胃肠功能 ,拔胸管 ,下床活动。住院 (9～ 11)天 ,平均 10 .3天。无胸腹腔并发症。随访 2月～ 4年 ,无消化道出血。 结论 胸腔镜下食管下段贲门周围血管离断非气腹腹腔镜下脾切除大网膜包肺手术治疗门脉高压症可行。