腹腔镜胆囊切除术后Trocar疝六例临床分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后Trocar疝(TSH)的发病特点及防治策略。方法回顾性分析解放军96601部队医院2007年1月至2022年9月择期行LC手术术后发生TSH患者的临床资料,LC术后随访1年。结果11500例LC患者术后发生TSH共6例,发病率为0.05%,其中体质指数(BMI)>28 kg/m2患者占83.3%,切口延长(取胆囊部位切口>1 cm)患者占100%,糖尿病患者占66.7%;TSH发病时间为术后5 d~16个月,5例发生在剑突下,1例发生在脐部。结论LC术后TSH是一种或多种因素共同作用的结果,提高对TSH的认识并改良手术方式,将有助于降低TSH的发病率,改善LC患者的整体预后。

Parasitic leiomyoma in the trocar site after laparoscopic myomectomy:A case report

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic myomectomy is increasingly used for resecting gynecological tumors.Leiomyomas require morcellation for retrieval from the peritoneal cavity.However,morcellated fragments may implant on the peritoneal cavity during retrieval.These fragments may receive a new blood supply from an adjacent structure and develop into parasitic leiomyomas.Parasitic leiomyomas can occur spontaneously or iatrogenically;however,trocar-site implantation is an iatrogenic complication of laparoscopic uterine surgery.We describe a parasitic leiomyoma in the trocar-site after laparoscopic myomectomy with power morcellation.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented with a palpable abdominal mass without significant medical history.The patient had no related symptoms,such as abdominal pain.Computed tomography findings revealed a well-defined contrast-enhancing mass measuring 2.2 cm,and located on the trocar site of the left abdominal wall.She had undergone laparoscopic removal of uterine fibroids with power morcellation six years ago.The differential diagnosis included endometriosis and neurogenic tumors,such as neurofibroma.The radiologic diagnosis was a desmoid tumor,and surgical excision of the mass on the abdominal wall was successfully performed.The patient recovered from the surgery without complications.Histopathological examination revealed that the specimen resected from the trocar site was a uterine leiomyoma.CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider the risks and benefits of laparoscopic vs laparotomic myomectomy for gynecological tumors.Considerable caution must be exercised for morcellation to avoid excessive tissue fragmentation.

A Prospective Study Comparing Quality of Life and Cosmetic Results between Single-Port and Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Multiple studies from the last five years have demonstrated that single-incision laparoscopic surgery cholecystectomy (SILS) is not only feasible but also produces a result comparable with that of conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC). Methods and results: In this bicentric study, we used the Short Form (36) (SF-36) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) surveys to estimate and compare the post-operative quality of life up to the 28th post-operative day for 66 patients who had undergone either CLC (n = 32) or SILS (n = 34). Additionally, we investigated patient satisfaction with the cosmetic results after one year. The curves summarizing the eight sections in the physical sum scale and in the mental sum scale (SF-36) were the same within the confidence interval with a confidence level of 95%. Thus, post-operative quality of life could be assumed to be equivalent for the two groups. Evaluation of the NHP survey produced similar results. The perceived cosmetic results were significantly better for the SILS group (1.3 on a scale of 1 - 5 with 1 being the best) than for the CLC group (1.9) (p = 0.016). Conclusions: This study did not demonstrate better quality of life for the single-port procedure as it had been expected. Instead, the single-port procedure produced subjectively better cosmetic results.

A Comparative Study of the Short-Term Efficacy of Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Right-Sided Colon Cancer with Two Different Surgeon Positions and Trocar Placements

Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of right-sided colon cancer with two different surgeon positions and trocar placements. Methods: The data of 78 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of right-sided colon cancer between January 2018 and August 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The surgical method was selected by the patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgeons’ positioning habits and trocar placements. The group with the lead surgeon standing between the patient’s legs had 35 patients, and the group with the lead surgeon standing at the left side of the patient had 43 patients. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal gas evacuation time, postoperative urinary catheter indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay, C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the first day after surgery, and postoperative pathological data and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: All patients underwent the laparoscopic radical resection of right-sided colon cancer, none converting to laparotomy. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in intraoperative blood loss (57.6 ± 21.3 ml vs 60.2 ± 35.3 ml), postoperative anal gas evacuation time (3.5 ± 1.1 d vs 3.8 ± 1.3 d), postoperative urinary catheter indwelling time (2.6 ± 1.3 d vs 2.4 ± 1.2 d), postoperative hospital stay (7.1 ± 1.8 d vs 7.5 ± 2.1 d), or CRP level on the first day after surgery (54.7 ± 9.6 mg/L vs 53.9 ± 8.2 mg/L) was detected between the two groups. The operation time was shorter in the group with the lead surgeon standing between the patient’s legs (185.2 ± 25.6 min vs 196.2 ±19.7 min) (P < 0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in the tumour length (4.2 ± 1.3 cm vs 3.9 ± 1.5 cm), number of dissected lymph nodes (27.5 ± 11.6 vs 25.1 ± 15.4), pathological type, or postoperative pathological tumour-node-metastasis stage (P > 0.05). No patients died or had anastomotic fistula during their postoperative hospital stay, and the incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups (22.9% (8/35) vs 23.3% (10/42);P > 0.05). Conclusion: Under the principle of radical resection, the surgeon should adopt the most suitable standing position and trocar placement according to the specific situation. If the surgeon stands between the patient’s legs, this might shorten the operation time and promote a smoother surgery.

Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after laparoscopic cholecystectomy can strain the occurrence of trocar site hernia

This study reports a 69-year-old, obese, female patientpresenting with a biliary leakage after laparoscopiccholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Closure of the um-bilical trocar site had been neglected during the lapa-roscopic cholecystectomy. Early, on postoperative dayfive, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) requirement after laparoscopic cholecystectomyresolved the biliary leakage problem but resulted with amore complicated clinical picture with an intestinal ob-struction and severe abdominal pain. Computed tomog-raphy revealed a strangulated hernia from the umbilicaltrocar site. Increased abdominal pressure during ERCPhad strained the weak umbilical trocar site. Emergencysurgical intervention through the umbilicus revealed anischemic small bowel segment which was treated withresection and anastomosis. This report demonstratesthat negligence of trocar site closure can result in veryearly herniation, particularly if an endoscopic interven-tion is required in the early postoperative period.

Effective Laparoscopic Catheter Insertion Technique for Peritoneal Dialysis Using Specially Designed Trocar:22 Years Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 804 Patients

Introduction: Literature reveals several peritoneal dialysis laparoscopic catheter insertion techniques developed to improve long-term results for treatment chronic kidney failure with the technic of peritoneal dialysis. The purpose of the study is evaluation of developed and recommended minimally invasive laparoscopic technic for chronic peritoneal dialysis catheter placement using specially constructed trocar. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study included 804 patients in 10 departments of surgery. Surgical and non surgical complications related to PD catheter placement were analysed: bleeding, dialysate leak, early SSI, peritonitis, catheter tip migration, catheter obstruction, omental wrapping and visceral perforations. Available software (Microsoft? Excel for Windows 10, MedCalc, Mariakerke, Belgium) was used for statistical analysis (presented as percentages, mean ± SD or median). Conclusions: The presented technique with specially constructed trocar is a simple and effective procedure with fewer complications comparing to literature. The advantages of this method include long rectus sheath tunnel with the deep cuff placed pre-peritoneally, the small size of the entrance into the peritoneum and accurate position and control of catheter tip in the pelvis.

Feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

AIM: To assess the safety of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC) for acute cholecystitis.METHODS: All patients who underwent SILC at Sano Hospital(Kobe, Japan) between January 2010 and December 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data related to patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected from medical records. The parameters for assessing the safety of the procedure included operative time, volume of blood loss, achievement of the critical view of safety, use of additional trocars, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. Patient backgrounds were statistically compared between those with and without conversion to laparotomy.RESULTS: A total of 100 patients underwent SILC for acute cholecystitis during the period. Preoperative endoscopic treatment was performed for suspected choledocholithiasis in 41 patients(41%). The mean time from onset of acute cholecystitis was 7.7 d. According to the Updated Tokyo Guidelines(TG13) for the severity of cholecystitis, 86 and 14 patients had grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ acute cholecystitis, respectively. The mean operative time was 87.4 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 80.6 mL. The critical view of safety was obtained in 89 patients(89%). Conversion laparotomy was performed in 12 patients(12%). Postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or greater were observed in 4 patients(4%). The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 d. Patients converted from SILC to laparotomy tended to have higher days after onset.CONCLUSION: SILC is feasible for acute cholecystitis; in addition, early surgical intervention may reduce the risk of laparotomy conversion.

Single port laparoscopic liver surgery:A minireview

Nowadays,the trend is to perform surgeries with"scarless"incisions.In light of this,the single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)technique is rapidly becoming widespread due to its lack of invasiveness and its cosmetic advantages,as the only entry point is usually hidden in the umbilicus.The interest in"scarless"liver resections did not grow as rapidly as the interest in other scarless surgeries.Hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons are reluctant to operate a malignant lesion through a narrowincision with limited exposure.There are concerns over adverse oncological outcomes for single-port laparoscopic liver resections(SPL-LR)for hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic colorectal cancer.In addition,getting familiar with using the operating instruments through a narrow incision with limited exposure is very challenging.In this article,we reviewed the published literature to describe history,indications,contraindications,ideal patients for new beginners,technical difficulty,advantages,disadvantages,oncological concern and the future of SPL-LR.

Present laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in Japan

In many clinical studies,laparoscopic surgery(LS) for colon cancer has been shown to be less invasive than open surgery(OS) while maintaining similar safety.Furthermore,there are no significant differences between LS and OS in long-term outcomes.Thus,LS has been accepted as one of the standard treatments for colon cancer.In the treatments of rectal cancer as well,LS has achieved favorable outcomes,with many reports showing long-term outcomes comparable to those of OS.Furthermore,the magnification in laparoscopy improves visualization in the pelvic cavity and facilitates precise manipulation,as well as providing excellent educational effects.For these reasons,rectal cancer has seemed to be well indicated for LS,as has been colon cancer.The indication for LS in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer,which is relatively unresectable(e.g.,cancer invading other organs),remains an open issue.In recent years,new techniques such as singleport and robotic surgery have begun to be introduced for LS.Presently,various clinical studies in our country as well as in most Western countries have demonstrated that LS,with these new techniques,are gradually showing long-term outcomes.

Rare case of drain-site hernia after laparoscopic surgery and a novel strategy of prevention:A case report

BACKGROUND Trocar site hernia(TSH)is a rare but potentially dangerous complication of laparoscopic surgery,and the drain-site TSH is an even rarer type.Due to the difficulty to diagnose at early stages,TSH often leads to a delay in surgical intervention and eventually results in life-threatening consequences.Herein,we report an unusual case of drain-site TSH,followed by a brief literature review.Finally,we provide a novel,simple,and practical method of prevention.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old female patient underwent laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy for uterine fibroids 8 d ago in another hospital.She was admitted to our hospital with a 2-d history of intermittent abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting,and abdominal enlargement with an inability to pass stool and flatus.The emergency computed tomography scan revealed the small bowel herniated through a 10 mm trocar incision,which was used as a drainage port,with diffuse bowel distension and multiple air-fluid levels with gas in the small intestines.She was diagnosed with drain-site strangulated TSH.The emergency exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis.A herniorrhaphy followed by standard intestinal resection and anastomosis were performed.The patient recovered well after the operation and was discharged on postoperative day 8 and had no postoperative complications at her 2-wk follow-up visit.CONCLUSION TSH must be kept in mind during the differential diagnosis of post-laparoscopic obstruction,especially after the removal of the drainage tube,to avoid the serious consequences caused by delayed diagnosis.Furthermore,all abdomen layers should be carefully closed under direct vision at the trocar port site,especially where the drainage tube was placed.Our simple and practical method of prevention may be a novel strategy worthy of clinical promotion.

Is fascial closure required for a 12-mm trocar?A comparative study on trocar site hernia with long-term follow up

BACKGROUND Despite the infrequency of trocar site hernias(TSHs),fascial closure continues to be recommended for their prevention when using a≥10-mm trocar.AIM To identify the necessity of fascial closure for a 12-mm nonbladed trocar incision in minimally invasive colorectal surgeries.METHODS Between July 2010 and December 2018,all patients who underwent minimally invasive colorectal surgery at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit of Siriraj Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.All patients underwent cross-sectional imaging for TSH assessment.Clinicopathological characteristics were recorded.Incidence rates of TSH and postoperative results were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 254 patients included,70(111 ports)were in the fascial closure(closed)group and 184(279 ports)were in the nonfascial closure(open)group.The median follow up duration was 43 mo.During follow up,three patients in the open group developed TSHs,whereas none in the closed group developed the condition(1.1%vs 0%,P=0.561).All TSHs occurred in the right lower abdomen.Patients whose drains were placed through the same incision had higher rates of TSHs compared with those without the drain.The open group had a significantly shorter operative time and lower blood loss than the closed group.CONCLUSION Routine performance of fascial closure when using a 12-mm nonbladed trocar may not be needed.However,further prospective studies with cross-sectional imaging follow-up and larger sample size are needed to confirm this finding.

Single port laparoscopic hysterectomy: Feasibility and safety

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy comparing with multi-port laparoscopic hysterectomy in treatment of benign uterine diseases. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by review of the medical records of 252 patients who underwent multi-port or single-port laparoscopic surgery for treatment of benign gynecologic diseases. Laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) was performed for single-port surgery and LAVH and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) were performed for multi-port surgery. Demographic variables were collected and analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson Chi-Square test. The primary outcome was analyzed by independent t-test and Fisher’s Exact test. Results: A longer operative time was observed in the multi-port surgery group compared with that of the single-port group (p < 0.05). No difference with respect to change of Hemoglobin between the preoperative level and that of the postoperative first day, the number of days from the operation to discharge, uterine weight, and the rate of laparotomy conversion and complications were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy for treatment of benign uterine diseases is a safe and feasible method.

Single-site laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Where are we going?

AIM:To review an evolution of laparoscopic surgery,there has been a growing interest in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS).METHODS:A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted using PubM ed database to identify all publications relating to LESS-partial nephrectomy(PN).The research includes articles published from April 2008 to January 2014.We focused our attention only on articles in which were cited the single-site surgical technique(laparoscopic and robotic),tumour stage and grade,mean tumour size,intraoperative variables,blood loss and transfusion rate,length of postoperative stay and complication rates,Clavien classification,positive of surgical margins,pain assessment at discharge.RESULTS:A total of 9 studies were collected with 221patients included.The mean patients age was 62 years.The mean tumor size was 2.35 cm with a mean operative time of 181 min(range 111-270 min)and 58.3%were done by robot.The mean ischemia time was 23.6min.The 25.8%of patients underwent an unclamp LESS-PN.Mean estimated blood loss was 296 mL and median length of hospital stay was 4 d.The rate of severe post-operative complications(≥Clavien gradeⅢ)was 5.4%.Not all surgical series of LESS-PN or Robotic-LESS-PN shows conversion in Multiport Laparoscopic or Open Surgery.Regarding oncologic outcomes,surgical margins were positive 4%of patients(9/221),no distant or port-site metastases were recorded.CONCLUSION:LESS-PN and RLESS-PN are feasible and associated with reduced postoperative pain,shorter median hospital stay,shorter recovery time,and better cosmetic satisfaction without compromising surgical and oncological safety.

提拉Trocar直接穿刺法在腹腔镜完全腹膜外无张力疝修补术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜完全腹膜外无张力疝修补术(TEP)中第一套管孔建立的方法及其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年8月—2022年3月本院收治的72例行腹腔镜完全腹膜外无张力疝补术患者的临床资料。按建立第一套管孔方法差异分为观察组(以提拉Trocar直接穿刺法建立第一套管孔)和对照组(Hasson法建立第一套管孔)两组,每组各36例。比较两组建立第一套管孔的时间、美观性、损伤程度、并发症的差异。结果观察组与对照组比较,建立第一套管孔的时间[(60.±6)s vs(156±10)s]差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);美观性比较,术后半年温哥华瘢痕评价量表(VSS)评分[(3.62.±1.09)分vs(7.95±0.99)分],患者瘢痕自我评分(PSAS)[(11.52.±1.42)分vs(26.14±3.36)分],观测者瘢痕评分(OSAS)[(9.39.±1.43)分vs(18.70±1.71)分],其差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。损伤程度比较,观察组低于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论提拉Trocar直接穿刺法在TEP中建立第一套管孔,具有操作简单、安全快速、有效、美观、损伤小,值得推广。

三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术不同Trocar入路的对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术中常规Trocar入路与改良Trocar入路的优缺点。方法不同性质阑尾炎患者采用不同Trocar入路行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,对患者的手术时间进行比较。结果腹腔镜阑尾切除术采用改良Trocar入路与常规Trocar入路手术时间比较,差异有显著性(P﹤0.05)。结论改良Trocar入路能节约手术时间,降低手术风险,在腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有推广应用的价值,用超声刀行腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗效果良好。

免气腹针Trocar直入法造气腹腹腔镜手术220例应用体会

目的探讨免气腹针Trocar直入法造气腹腹腔镜手术的临床应用价值。方法对2003年2月～2006年8月的220例妇科腹腔镜手术,采用免气腹针Trocar直入法造气腹作为研究组,随机选同期200例腹腔镜手术,使用气腹针穿刺造气腹作为对照组。结果该组220例均成功穿刺并制造气腹,无1例发生脏器穿孔、腹膜后大血管损伤等严重并发症。结论免气腹针Trocar直入法在腹腔镜手术中应用具有可行性和安全性,值得推广。

腋前线切口在肥胖患者后腹腔镜肾根治切除术中的应用

目的 探讨腋前线切口在肥胖患者后腹腔镜肾根治切除术中的应用技巧及临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年9月至2022年9月于我院行后腹腔镜肾根治切除术的49例肥胖患者的临床资料,并分为改良组(16例)和传统组(33例)。改良组患者常规放置3枚套管后添加腋前线辅助套管进行手术;传统组患者常规放置3枚套管实施手术。比较2组患者的手术情况及术后恢复情况。结果 2组患者的术中失血量、肾测量最大横径比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与传统组比较,改良组患者的手术时间、切口长度、下床活动时间、引流管留置时间及术后住院时间更短/早,术后应用镇痛药物、术后3个月切口感觉异常与切口局部肌肉膨出的患者比例更小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 肥胖患者后腹腔镜肾根治切除术于腋前线添加辅助套管,可以锁定切口起止点,便于助手进行辅助操作,可提升手术流畅度,缩短手术时间,且不增加手术并发症;选择腋前线切口取出肾标本具有保护肌肉、神经,减轻术后切口疼痛及并发症,愈合良好的优点。

腹腔镜下阑尾切除术后Trocar部位疝引起慢性肠梗阻1例报道

报道1例以反复左下腹胀痛为主要表现,诊断为肠梗阻的病例。患者行腹腔镜探查后发现,原阑尾戳卡孔处未完全修复,形成了Trocar部位疝(Trocar site hernia,TSH)。报道此病例以提高对该疾病的认识,提升临床诊治水平。

肥胖患者妇科腹腔镜trocar穿刺方法探讨

目的探讨妇科肥胖患者trocar穿刺成功入腹方法。方法选择我院2009～2011年6月前入院、并予以腹腔镜手术的肥胖患者45例,随机分为A、B、C三组,各组在年龄、体重、身高等方面无明显差异。同一手术者及助手配合进行腹腔镜手术。A组予以常规脐孔上缘10mm切开,先气腹再穿刺;B组先脐孔下缘切开3mm气腹针穿刺入腹充气,再脐孔上缘切开10mm trocar穿刺入腹;C组直接于脐孔上缘切开10mm,直接trocar穿刺入腹。三组下腹麦氏点及对称处穿刺方法相同,比较三组成功率。结果 B、A、C组成功率逐步递减,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妇科肥胖患者trocar穿刺入腹,可以先脐孔下缘穿刺入腹充气,再脐孔上缘切开10mm穿刺入腹,成功率较高,具有一定的推广利用价值。

Single-port versus multi-port cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis: a retrospective comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: Trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic gallbladder disease is becoming increasingly accepted worldwide. But so far, no reports exist about the challenging single-port surgery for acute cholecystitis. The objective of this study was to describe our experience with single-port cholecystectomy in comparison to the conventional laparoscopic technique. METHODS: Between August 2008 and March 2010, 73 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and histopathological signs of acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystec- tomy at our institution. Thirty-six patients were operated on with the single-port technique (SP group) and the data were compared with a control group of 37 patients who were treated with the multi-port technique (MP group). RESULTS: The mean age in the SP group was 61.5 (range 21-81) years and in the MP group was 60 (range 21-94) (P=0.712). Gender, ASA status and BMI were not significantly different. The number of white blood cells was different before [SP: 9.2 (range 2.8-78.4); MP: 13.2 (range 4.4-28.6); P=0.001] and after the operation [SP: 7.8 (range 3.5-184.8); MP: 11.1 (range 5-20.8); P=0.002]. Mean operating time was 88 (range 34-174) minutes in the SP group vs 94 (range 39-209) minutes in the MP group (P=0.147). Four patients (5%) required conversion to an open procedure (SP: 1; MP: 3; P=0.320). During the follow- up period of 332 (range 29-570) days in the SP group and 428 (range 111-619) days in the MP group (P=0.044), eleven (15%) patients developed postoperative complications (P=0.745) and two patients in the SP group required reoperation (P=0.154). CONCLUSIONS: Trans-umbilical single-port cholecystectomy for beginning acute cholecystitis is feasible and the complicationrate is comparable with the standard multi-port operation. In spite of our good results, these operations are difficult to perform and should only be done in high-volume centers for laparoscopic surgery with experience in single-port surgery.