Predictors of disease recurrence after radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIb-IIIa squamous cell lung cancer:A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)is a global medical,social and economic problem and is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of mortality from malignant neoplasms.LC is characterized by an aggressive course,and in the presence of disease recurrence risk factors,patients,even at an early stage,may be indicated for adjuvant therapy to improve survival.However,combined treatment does not always guarantee a favorable prognosis.In this regard,establishing predictors of LC recurrence is highly important both for determining the optimal treatment plan for the patients and for evaluating its effectiveness.AIM To establish predictors of disease recurrence after radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIb-IIIa lung squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).METHODS A retrospective case-control cohort study included 69 patients with LSCC who underwent radical surgery at the Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncology Center from 2009 to 2018.Postoperatively,all patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Histological samples of the resected lung were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors associated with the risk of disease recurrence.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to discriminate between patients with a high risk of disease recurrence and those with a low risk of disease recurrence.Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between patient subgroups.Differences were considered to be significant at P<0.05.RESULTS The following predictors of a high risk of disease recurrence in patients with stage IIb-IIa LSCC were established:a low degree of tumor differentiation[odds ratio(OR)=7.94,95%CI=1.08-135.81,P=0.049];metastases in regional lymph nodes(OR=5.67,95%CI=1.09-36.54,P=0.048);the presence of loose,fine-fiber connective tissue in the tumor stroma(OR=21.70,95%CI=4.27-110.38,P=0.0002);and fragmentation of the tumor solid component(OR=2.53,95%CI=1.01-12.23,P=0.049).The area under the curve of the predictive model was 0.846(95%CI=0.73-0.96,P<0.0001).The sensitivity,accuracy and specificity of the method were 91.8%,86.9%and 75.0%,respectively.In the group of patients with a low risk of LSCC recurrence,the 1-,2-and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rates were 84.2%,84.2%and 75.8%,respectively,while in the group with a high risk of LSCC recurrence the DFS rates were 71.7%,40.1%and 8.2%,respectively(P<0.00001).Accordingly,in the first group of patients,the 1-,2-and 5-year overall survival(OS)rates were 94.7%,82.5%and 82.5%,respectively,while in the second group of patients,the OS rates were 89.8%,80.1%and 10.3%,respectively(P<0.00001).CONCLUSION The developed method allows us to identify a group of patients at high risk of disease recurrence and to adjust to ongoing treatment.

The Application of Forward Control Nursing in Anesthesia, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of Thoracoscopic Lung Cancer Radical Surgery

Objective: To explore the clinical application effect of formulating the operating room nursing work procedure sheet for elderly lung cancer patients in thoracoscopic radical surgery. Methods: A total of 85 elderly patients with lung cancer treated in our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were included as the study population for this research. They were divided into a study group of 42 cases and a regular group of 43 cases. The regular group of elderly patients received routine nursing care, while the study group of elderly patients was provided with the operating room nursing care work procedure sheet. The surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, time to mobilization, and postoperative complication rate were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: Compared to the regular group, the study group had significantly shorter surgical duration and time to mobilization, as well as less intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications in the study group (4.76%) was significantly lower than that in the regular group (19.05%) (P Conclusion: Formulating the operating room nursing work procedure sheet for elderly lung cancer patients can effectively improve surgical efficiency, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and promote patient prognosis in thoracoscopic radical surgery. Therefore, this model is worth promoting and adopting in clinical practice.

Impact of thoracic paravertebral block and sufentanil on outcomes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain management and cognitive function preservation are crucial for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer(LC).This is achieved using either a thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)or sufentanil(SUF)-based multimodal analgesia.However,the efficacy and impact of their combined use on postoperative pain and postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)remain unclear.AIM To explore the analgesic effect and the influence on POCD of TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC to help optimize postoperative pain management and improve patient outcomes.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 107 patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital between May 2021 and January 2023.Patients receiving SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=50)and patients receiving TPVB+SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=57)were assigned to the control group and TPVB group,respectively.We compared the Ramsay Sedation Scale and visual analog scale(VAS)scores at rest and with cough between the two groups at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery.Serum levels of epinephrine(E),angio-tensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ),norepinephrine(NE),superoxide dismutase(SOD),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and S-100 calcium-binding proteinβ(S-100β)were measured before and 24 h after surgery.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was administered 1 day before surgery and at 3 and 5 days after surgery,and the occurrence of POCD was monitored for 5 days after surgery.Adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS There were no significant time point,between-group,and interaction effects in Ramsay sedation scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Significantly,there were notable time point effects,between-group differences,and interaction effects observed in VAS scores both at rest and with cough(P<0.05).The VAS scores at rest and with cough at 12 and 24 h after surgery were lower than those at 2 h after surgery and gradually decreased as postoperative time increased(P<0.05).The TPVB group had lower VAS scores than the control group at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).The MMSE scores at postoperative days 1 and 3 were markedly higher in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the TPVB group than in the control group within 5 days after surgery(P<0.05).Both groups had elevated serum E,Ang Ⅱ,and NE and decreased serum SOD levels at 24 h after surgery compared with the preoperative levels,with better indices in the TPVB group(P<0.05).Marked elevations in serum levels of VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β were observed in both groups at 24 h after surgery,with lower levels in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia further relieves pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for LC,enhances analgesic effects,reduces postoperative stress response,and inhibits postoperative increases in serum VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β levels.This scheme also reduced POCD and had a high safety profile.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on immune function, hemodynamics and stress response in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on immune function, hemodynamics and stress response in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer Methods: 80 elderly patients who was underwent radical thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery from September 2016 to February 2018 were selected. According to the anesthesia method, it was divided into the conventional group and the observation group, 40 cases in each group. The conventional group was anesthetized with propofol, midazolam, sufentanil, and atracurium sulfonate. The observation group was anesthetized with dexmedetomidine on the basis of the conventional group. The changes of vascular dynamics were compared between the two groups before induction (T0), induction 5 min (T1), surgery (T2), extubation immediately (T3) and 5 min after extubation (T4). The changes of immune function, inflammation and stress index in T0, T2 and 24h (T5) were compared between the two groups.Results: There were no significant differences in T0 vascular kinetics, immune function and inflammation stress between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with T0, MAP, HR and CVP were significantly increased in the conventional group at T3 and T4 (P<0.05), and MAP, HR and CVP were significantly increased in the observation group at T3 (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional group in T3, T4, the MAP, HR, and CVP levels in the observation group at T3 and T4 were significantly lower than the conventional group (P<0.05). Compared with T0, the levels of immune function IgG, IgA, IgM and NK in T2 and T5 were significantly lower in the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IgG, IgA, IgM and NK levels between T2 and T5 in the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with T0, the stress levels of NE and E were significantly increased at T2, and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-αand Cor were significantly increased at T2 and T5 (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional group at T2, the NE and E levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α and Cor in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group at T2 and T5 (P<0.05).Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine anesthesia has little effect on perioperative hemodynamics in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical resection, and can relieve stress response, so it is worthy of clinical application.

Influence of the dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on inflammatory factor, blood gas analysis and stress hormone levels in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma during one lung ventilation

Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on the levels of inflammatory factors, blood gas analysis and stress hormone in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma during one lung ventilation. Methods:According to the random data table, 81 cases of esophageal cancer patients were divided into the control group (n=41) and observation group (n=40), the patients in the two groups underwent left thoracotomy esophageal cancer radical resection, the control group patients were treated with parecoxib sodium, and patients in the observation group were treated with parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine medetomidine treatment, before induction of anesthesia (T0), 30 min of one lung ventilation (T1) and 120 min after operation (T2) at three time points, the levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP)], blood gas analysis[oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)] and stress hormone[epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE)] of the two groups were compared. Results: Intra group level comparison, compared with the levels of two groups at the T0 moment, the levels of TNF-α, CRPand NE of theT1 and T2 moment were significantly increased, the level of PaO2 were significantly decreased, and T2 moment levels were significantly higher than that of T1 moment, the difference was statistical significance;There were no significant differences between the two groups of the levels of TNF-α, CRP, PaO2, E and NE of the T0 moment, the levels of TNF-α, CRP, E and NE of the observation group at the T1 and T2 moment were significantly lower than the control group, at the same time the PaO2 level was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;There were no statistically significant differences in PaCO2 levels between groups and at any time. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium can effectively relieve the inflammatory stress, improve the levels of the blood gas analysis index and stress hormone during one lung ventilation, has an important clinical value.

Clinical Practice of Evidence-Based PDCA Cycle Management Model in Accelerated Recovery of Lung Cancer Patients

Objective: To explore the nursing effect of evidence-based PDCA cycle management mode in accelerated rehabilitation of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery. Methods: 104 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery in our hospital from June 2022 to February 2023 were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, with 52 cases in each group. The control group implemented evidence-based ERAS clinical pathway management, while the intervention group implemented evidence-based PDCA cycle quality management. The postoperative recovery of the two groups of patients was compared. Results: The postoperative recovery of the intervention group was significantly better than that of the control group. The first time to get out of bed, the first time to eat, the duration of chest drainage tube placement, and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter than those of the control group. The incidence of postoperative chest complications and hospitalization costs were significantly lower than those of the control group, and patient satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group (P Conclusion: Evidence-based PDCA cycle quality management mode can effectively improve the implementation quality of accelerated rehabilitation nursing for patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Lung Function, Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Esophageal Cancer Surgery under One-Lung Ventilation

Objective: To explore the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on lung function, cognitive function and inflammatory response in patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation. Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery were divided into GDFT group (GDFT therapy) and control group (conventional liquid therapy). The changes in patients’ pulmonary function, cognitive function and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results: Both alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P(A-a)O2] and respiratory index (RI) increased at one-lung ventilation for 30 minutes (T2) and decreased at one-lung ventilation for 60 minutes (T3), and after surgery (T4) in the two groups, and the GDFT group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05);theoxygenation index (OI) of the two groups decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared with that at T1 (before one-lung ventilation), and the GDFT group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). At T4 and T5, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), central nervous system specific protein (S100β), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the GDFT group were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in the GDFT group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDFT can help prevent lung injury during radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation, reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of perioperative cognitive disorder to a certain extent.

Simultaneous Bilateral Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy for Early Multiple Primary Lung Cancer Feasibility Analysis

Objective:To analyze the feasibility of simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic lung resection in the treatment of multiple primary lung cancers in the early stage.Methods:The study time range is between March 2019 and March 2021.A sample of 30 patients with early multiple primary lung cancer admitted to this hospital were included,and they were divided into a study group,a control group,and samples within the group using a random number table scheme n=15,patients in the control group underwent staged bilateral thoracoscopic pneumonectomy,and patients in the study group underwent bilateral thoracoscopic pneumonectomy at the same time.The indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in the operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the VAS score,total length of hospital stay,and total surgical costs on the first day after surgery(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the two groups'postoperative recovery indicators and the incidence of complications(P>0.05).Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to treat patients with multiple primary lung cancer in both lungs at the same time with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic surgery,and is suitable for promotion.

Analysis of factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19

Objective:To explore factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19 and to provide methods for preventing and reducing the incidence of postoperative lung infection in patients with lung cancer.Methods:A total of 92 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery of Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 28,2023,to March 3,2023,were selected.They were divided into a pulmonary infection group(47 cases)and a nonpulmonary infection group(45 cases)according to whether pulmonary infection occurred.General clinical data of patients were collected and collated to analyse the related influencing factors of pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patient age(≥60 years),fever after COVID-19 infection,oral and laryngeal symptoms,digestive tract symptoms,neurological symptoms,long-term smoking history,hypertension history,and operation time(≥3 h)were correlated with pulmonary infection(all P<0.05).There was no significant correlation between postoperative pulmonary infection and sex,ocular,nasal and tongue symptoms,systemic symptoms,duration of COVID-19,COPD,lobectomy site,incision pain,mechanical ventilation time(≥6 h),drainage tube retention time(3 d),surgical method(P>0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that age(≥60 years old),long operation time(≥3 h)and long-term smoking history were independent influencing factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with radical resection of lung cancer(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this study,older age(≥60 years old),long-term smoking history,and long operation time(≥3 h)were risk factors for pulmonary infection after lung cancer surgery.In the future,active treatment measures can be taken to address these risk factors during the perioperative period to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection.

Advances and controversies in the management of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

Complete resection continues to be the gold standard for the treatment of earlystage lung cancer.The landmark Lung Cancer Study Group trial in 1995 established lobectomy as the minimum intervention necessary for the management of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer,as it was associated with lower recurrence and metastasis rates than sublobar resection and lower postoperative morbidity and mortality than pneumonectomy.There is a growing tendency to perform sublobar resection in selected cases,as,depending on factors such as tumor size,histologic subtype,lymph node involvement,and resection margins,it can produce similar oncological results to lobectomy.Alternative treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation can also produce good outcomes in inoperable patients or patients who refuse surgery.

胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法根据麻醉方法的不同将65例胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者分为全麻组(n=31,单纯全身麻醉)和联合组(n=34,胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉)。比较两组患者的疼痛情况[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数]、瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒进程指标、应激反应指标[去甲肾上腺素(NE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后2、6、12、24 h,联合组患者VAS评分均明显低于全麻组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数明显少于全麻组(P﹤0.01)。联合组患者瑞芬太尼用量明显少于全麻组,苏醒时间和自主呼吸恢复时间均明显短于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后,两组患者NE、MDA水平均高于本组术前,SOD水平均低于本组术前,联合组患者NE、MDA水平均低于全麻组,SOD水平高于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。联合组患者术后并发症总发生率低于全麻组(P﹤0.05)。结论胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉应用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,不仅能够减轻疼痛程度和应激反应程度,还能够减少阿片类药物用量,降低并发症发生率。

前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者物质能量代谢和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者物质能量代谢和胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法选取2018年6月—2020年6月在日照市人民医院全身麻醉下行胸腔镜肺癌根治手术的60例患者。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和阻滞组,每组30例。对照组行全身麻醉,阻滞组先在超声引导下行前锯肌平面阻滞,后行全身麻醉。记录两组患者入手术室后5 min(T_(0))、麻醉诱导前(T_(1))、手术切皮时(T_(2))、手术结束时(T_(3))平均血压(BP)和心率(HR)。记录两组患者术后6 h(T_(4))、12 h(T_(5))、24 h(T_(6))、48 h(T_(7))时静止状态及咳嗽状态下行视觉模拟量表评分。两组患者T_(0)、T_(3)、T_(6)、T_(7)时检测C反应蛋白、静息能量消耗、呼吸商、甘油三酯、血糖、胰岛素。采用间接测热法测定静息能量消耗和呼吸商,稳态模型评价胰岛素抵抗指数,全自动生化分析仪测定甘油三酯水平,酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒检测C反应蛋白。结果两组性别比例、年龄、体质量指数、美国麻醉医生协会分级、手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阻滞组术中瑞芬太尼用量较对照组少,自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。两组患者T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时BP比较,结果:(1)不同时间点BP比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组BP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)两组BP变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时HR比较,结果:(1)不同时间点HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(2)、T_(3)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组HR变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(7)时静息状态下VAS比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(4)、T_(5)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组VAS变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(7)时咳嗽状态下VAS比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(4)、T_(5)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组VAS变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者T_(0)、T_(3)、T_(6)、T_(7)时C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,结果:(1)不同时间点C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)两组C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前锯肌平面阻滞可减轻胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者炎症反应,改善物质代谢和静息能量消耗,减轻胰岛素抵抗。

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能及呼吸功能恢复的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合舒芬太尼静脉病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能和呼吸功能恢复的影响。方法2020年10月~2022年6月在我院选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人92例,按随机数字表分为舒芬太尼PCIA组(S组)和Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA组(D组),每组46例,S组有1例术后出血,退出实验,D组有1例术中大出血,退出实验。S组术后PCIA采用舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150 ml,D组采用Dex每天1.0μg/kg+舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150ml。记录病人术前1天(T_(0)),术后24小时(T_(1))、48小时(T_(2))、72小时(T_(3))四个时间点的静息、咳嗽疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分,SAS评分,抽取静脉血检测CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CRP、PCT,动脉血行血气分析,计算氧合指数(OI);在T_(2)进行临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)、记录低氧血症、肺水肿、不良反应恶心呕吐、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制及寒战的发生情况。结果与S组比较,D组在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点,静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分、CRP、PCT均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI值升高,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)较低(P<0.05);T_(0)时两组静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分,CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),CRP,PCT,OI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与T_(0)时比较,两组病人在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点静息、咳嗽NRS评分、CRP、PCT明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI、SAS评分降低,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)、T_(2)升高(P<0.05)。与S组比较,D组恶心呕吐比例和CPIS评分降低[8(17.8%)例、(3.5±1.3)分vs.1(2.2)例、(1.2±1.1)分],低氧血症和肺水肿发生率、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、寒战比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA具有较好的镇痛、镇静效果,即减轻了手术创伤造成的免疫功能抑制程度,又减少阿片类药物的不良反应,还有利于病人术后呼吸功能的恢复,是胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后较安全的PCIA方式。

胸腔镜下两种不同术式对早期NSCLC患者的疗效及对其肺功能和预后等的影响

目的探讨胸腔镜下两种不同术式对早期NSCLC患者的疗效及对其肺功能和预后等的影响。方法选取88例早期NSCLC患者(均为ⅠA1期),根据术式差异分为2组。研究组40例,采用胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术治疗,而对照组48例则采用胸腔镜下解剖性肺段切除术治疗,比较2组的临床疗效等差异。结果研究组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间均优于对照组(P<0.05)。术后2组的肺功能指标均较术前降低,且对照组下降更甚(P<0.05);术后2组的炎性指标均较术前升高,且对照组升高更甚(P<0.05)。术后1年,2组的总生存率及复发率比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术对早期NSCLC患者的疗效更佳,不仅可缩短手术时间,加快患者术后恢复,同时对肺功能的影响较小,且可降低患者术后的炎性反应程度,最终不影响患者的预后,值得临床推广应用。

目标导向液体治疗在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的应用价值。方法94例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用GDFT,对照组采用常规液体治疗。比较两组患者围术期的血流动力学指标、术中肺通气功能指标、手术观察指标和认知功能。结果在单肺通气1 h和术毕即刻,观察组的平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、呼吸指数(RI)均明显低于对照组,而脑氧饱和度(rSO_(2))和氧合指数(OI)均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。观察组胶体补液量、晶体补液量、尿量、补液总量均明显少于对照组,使用血管活性药物构成比低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。术后1 d时,观察组的智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分明显高于对照组,认知功能障碍发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中采用GDFT能够稳定血流动力学,控制容量负荷,减少血管活性药物的使用率,减轻肺通气功能损伤和降低认知功能障碍发生率。

基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持在肺癌根治术后康复中的应用

目的探讨基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持在肺癌根治术后康复中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月在江苏省肿瘤医院接受肺癌根治术后康复治疗的患者430例,在组间基线特征可比的原则上,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,去除脱落病例后最终纳入观察组196例、对照组204例,共计400例患者。对照组在康复治疗过程中应用个体化营养支持,观察组在个体化营养支持的基础上联合应用基于共享决策理念的健康教育。比较康复治疗前及康复治疗3个月后两组患者肺功能指标、营养状况指标、自我管理效能和生活质量的差异。结果康复治疗前两组患者的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者的FEV1和FVC均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康复治疗前两组患者的血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)水平及癌症自我管理效能量表(SUPPH)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者的Hb、ALB、TP水平及SUPPH评分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康复治疗前两组患者中文版癌症患者生命质量测定量表(EROTC-QLQ-C30)的情绪、认知、角色、躯体、社会功能维度得分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者EROTC-QLQ-C30量表各维度得分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持可有效提升肺癌根治术后康复患者的自我管理效能,改善肺功能和营养状况,提高生活质量。

竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下老年肺癌根治术后谵妄及认知功能的影响

目的明确竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术老年患者术后谵妄和认知功能的影响。方法选取行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术的90例老年患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、观察组,每组45例。对照组患者实施常规全身麻醉,观察组患者在全身麻醉前行竖脊肌平面阻滞。对2组患者不同时点的生命体征、阿片类药物用量、镇痛泵按压次数、切口疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、认知功能和术后谵妄情况进行比较。结果在麻醉结束时,观察组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)及心率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者手术过程中瑞芬太尼用量、围术期舒芬太尼用量和镇痛泵按压次数均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。在术后6 h、12 h、24 h及48 h,观察组患者的切口疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后6 h及24 h的认知功能评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组术后6 h及24 h的谵妄发生率显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论竖脊肌平面阻滞可以显著缓解胸腔镜下肺癌根治术老年患者的围术期疼痛状况,减少阿片类药物用量,降低术后谵妄发生率,还可以改善患者术后认知功能,为降低术后精神类疾病发生率提供了一种新思路。

舒更葡糖钠对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者肌松恢复及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠注射液对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者肌松恢复及凝血功能的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年1月在江苏大学附属镇江三院、常州市第七人民医院于全麻下行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的86例患者为研究对象。应用随机数字表法将患者分成A、B两组,每组各43例。两组麻醉诱导和术中全麻维持方案相同,使用肌松监测仪(TOF)监测肌松。手术结束后,TOF计数≥2时,A组静脉推注新斯的明(2 mg/kg)、阿托品(0.5 mg/kg)逆转肌松药,B组静脉推注舒更葡糖钠(2 mg/kg)。记录推注肌松拮抗药后5、15、30 min时肌松残余率。观察注射罗库溴铵后5 min(T0)、推注肌松拮抗药后5 min(T1)、15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)时血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。同时记录气管导管拔除时间及患者发生恶心、呕吐等情况。结果A组给予肌松拮抗药5、15 min后肌松残余率明显高于B组(100.00%vs 13.95%,65.12%vs 0.00%)(χ^(2)=64.939、41.517,P<0.01)。两组患者在相同时间点TT、APTT、PT、FIB指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。B组气管导管拔管时间[(3.8±1.1)min]短于A组[(13.9±4.3)min],差异有统计学意义(t=14.922,P<0.001);B组呼吸抑制发生率低于A组(0.00%vs 11.63%)(χ^(2)=5.309,P=0.021)。结论舒更葡糖钠注射液用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,可快速拮抗罗库溴铵的肌松作用,降低肌松残余发生率,缩短气管导管拔管时间,利于患者术后康复。

右美托咪定在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的应用价值

目的:探讨胸腔镜肺癌根治术中应用右美托咪定的临床价值。方法:选择2020年1月至2022年9月收治的80例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的患者,根据随机数字表法分为两组,每组40例,研究组采取肺保护性通气策略+右美托咪定,对照组采取肺保护性通气策略,比较两组手术时间、输液量、单肺通气时间、出血量、心率、平均动脉压、白介素-6、转化生长因子-β1、肿瘤坏死因子-α、T淋巴细胞亚群、肺功能、氧化应激指标、肺部并发症情况。结果:两组手术时间、输液量、单肺通气时间、出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。双肺通气时、手术结束时,两组心率、平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单肺通气30 min、90 min时,研究组心率、平均动脉压均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术前双肺通气时,两组炎性因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单肺通气30 min、90 min及手术结束时,研究组白介素-6、转化生长因子-β1、肿瘤坏死因子-α均低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组肺部并发症发生率低于对照组(7.50%vs. 27.50%,P<0.05)。术前两组T淋巴细胞亚群、肺功能、氧化应激指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后研究组除丙二醛低于对照组外,其余各指标均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胸腔镜肺癌根治术中应用肺保护性通气策略+右美托咪定的效果更为理想,可避免血流动力学指标大幅波动,缓解炎性反应,促进肺功能改善,同时减轻氧化应激反应,肺部并发症少,安全性高。

ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式在肺癌根治术后老年患者康复中的应用效果

目的探讨ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式在肺癌根治术老年患者中的康复效果。方法选取河南省胸科医院,郑州大学附属胸科医院2021年10月至2022年10月收治的78例肺癌根治术患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各39例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用ERAS护理联合病友互助模式。比较两组干预后的围手术期指标、疼痛评分、肺功能指标、希望水平及病耻感评分。结果观察组围手术期指标改善优于对照组;观察组术后12 h、后24 h、后72 h疼痛评分低于对照组;观察组二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))水平高于对照组;观察组希望水平评分高于对照组,病耻感评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式有效改善老年肺癌根治术患者围手术期指标和肺功能,降低疼痛程度,提高希望水平,降低病耻感。