TINAVI robot-assisted one-stage anteroposterior surgery in lateral position for severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocation:A case report

BACKGROUND The combined anterior/posterior approach appears to be capable of reconstructing spinal stability,correcting thoracolumbar deformity,and promoting neural recovery in severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocation.However,this type of operation requires changing the body position during the procedure,resulting in a lengthy operation time.As a universal surgical robot,TINAVI robot has achieved good surgical results in clinical surgery.But to our knowledge,no reports describing TINAVI robot-assisted single lateral position anteroposterior surgery for thoracolumbar fracture dislocation.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of a 16-year-old female patient with severe thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation underwent surgery assisted by the TINAVI robot.A onestage combined anterior and posterior operation was performed on a severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocation using the TINAVI robot,and the operation was completed in right lateral position.CONCLUSION The TINAVI robot-assisted one-stage anterior and posterior surgery in right lateral position for severe thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation is both safe and effective.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture complicated by simple conus medullaris injury

Between 1990 and 1996, 15 patients with thoracolumbar spine fracture complicated by simple conusmedullaris injury were admitted. All patients were Injured by falling from height (mean, o meters). Clinical symp-toms indicated hypoesthesia or anesthesia of S3-5 sensory region,dysporia and urinary dysfunction. but normal sensation and motion of the bilateral lower extremities. Waston-Jones classified the spinal cord and nerve root injury following thoracolumbar spine fracture into three types. According to our observations, it should be classfied into five types: 1) concussion of the conus medullaris; 2) simple incomplete injury of the conus medullaris; 3) simplecomplete injury of the conus medullaris; 4) spinal cord transection and partial nerve root injury; 5) spinal cordtransection and entire nerve root injury.

Exploration and Discussion on the Clinical Therapeutic Effects of the Application of Cross-Injury Vertebral Fixation and Via-Injury Vertebrae Fixation in the Treatment of Bone Tumor with Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture

Objective:To explore and discuss the clinical therapeutic effects of the application of cross-injury vertebral fixation and via-injury vertebrae fixation in the treatment of bone tumor with thoracolumbar spine fracture.Methods:A total of 58 patients with bone tumors and thoracolumbar spine fractures admitted to our hospital from February to February 2019 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 29 cases in each group.The patients in the control group received cross-injury vertebral fixation treatment,while the patients in the observation group were treated with via-injury vertebral fixation.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The operation time and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the postoperative drainage volume of the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative pain and spinal JOA scores between the two groups(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in the compression ratio of the injured vertebrae and the kyphosis Cobb angle between the two groups(P>0.05),after the operation,the two groups of patients were significantly reduced,and the compression ratio of the injured vertebrae and kyphosis Cobb angle of the observation group were more obvious(P<0.05);the vertebral height loss and Cobb angle loss in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of bone tumor with thoracolumbar spine fracture,compared with cross-injury vertebral fixation,via-injury vertebral fixation has a more significant clinical effect and is more suitable for clinical application and promotion.

Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture-Dislocation without Neurological Deficit: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Thoracolumbar spine fracture-dislocations are very unstable and usually secondary to high energy trauma. Due to disruption of the entire vertebrae columns, the absence of neurological deficit is exceptional. Aim: The purpose of this work is to report our experience in the management of this entity in a context of limited resources and to make a review of the literature. Case presentation: A 30-year-old man was admitted with a severe low back pain after a traffic accident. Neurological functions were intact after examination. Radiological assessments revealed a complete L3-L4 fracture-dislocation. The patient underwent an open posterior reduction and internal long segment fixation. The post-operative was marked by a surgical site infection treated with surgical debridement and targeted antibiotic therapy. The neurological functions were preserved. Conclusion: Fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine are caused by high energy trauma and are remarkably unstable lesions. When they are associated with intact neurorological functions, reduction and stabilization of these fractures are a challenge.

Clinical Effect of Posterior Internal Fixation and Fusion in the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of posterior internal fixation and fusion in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods:36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected and divided into study group and control group according to the random number table model.The control group was treated with anterior internal fixation,while the study group was treated with posterior internal fixation and fusion.The indexes of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:Compared with the operation related indexes of the two groups,the study group had more advantages(P<0.05);The postoperative kyphosis Cobb angle,height of anterior and posterior vertebral body,wedge index of the two groups were better than those before operation(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of posterior internal fixation and fusion in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures is significant,and the body damage is slight,which is worthy of comprehensive promotion.

Application value of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fractures

Objective:To evaluate the value of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fractures.Methods: 56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal fractures patients underwent 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement (study group) and another 56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal fractures patients underwent conventional screw placement (control group) in our department from February 2016 to September 2017 were selected. Then the surgical related indicators, JOA score, the reduction of injured vertebrae and complications were recorded and compared between groups at different time points, including, before operation (T0), postoperative 1mon (T1), postoperative 6mon (T2) and postoperative 12mon (T3).Results: The operation time, intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy frequency and intraoperative blood loss in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), meanwhile the accuracy rate of screw placement was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). JOA scores at T1, T2 and T3 in both groups were significantly higher than those at T0 (P<0.05), and JOA scores at all postoperative time points in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with T0, the ratio of the anterior and posterior border height of injured vertebrae in the two groups at T2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the Cobb Angle of sagittal kyphoid significantly was decreased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the reduction of injured vertebrae in the study group was significantly better than that the control group at T2 (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The application of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment has the advantages of less injury to patients, good prognosis and high safety, which is worthy of clinical application.

不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效研究

目的:分析不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效,以及对血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)水平的影响。方法:选取我院2020年1月-2022年6月收治的120例行微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗的胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者,随机分为三组。A组(40例)选择经皮入路,B组(40例)选择经Wiltse入路,C组(40例)选择经后正中入路。记录并比较三组伤椎有效性指标:Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比;视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分、血清BALP、β-CTX水平和围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量)。结果:三组患者术后7 d、30 d的伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),但三组间伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比差异无统计意义(P>0.05);三组患者术后VAS评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后1 d、7 d的VAS评分比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组患者术后血清BALP水平均明显上升,血清β-CTX水平均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后7 d的血清BALP及β-CTX水平比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量关系为A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:经皮入路和经Wiltse入路微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗能有效改善胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者伤椎有效性及骨代谢水平,而传统后正中入路的有效性及对骨代谢水平的改善作用相对较差,临床可结合患者情况在经皮入路和经Wiltse入路二者之间酌情选择入路方式,并结合小针刀术进行干预治疗。

基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者的效果

目的:探讨基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者的临床效果。方法:将2022年8月—2023年9月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇七医院骨科(脊柱病区)收治的60例老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法将患者分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组应用脊柱骨折术后常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上应用基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗。比较两组临床疗效、首次排便时间、首次排气时间及生活质量[便秘患者生活质量量表(PAC-QOL)]。结果:研究组临床总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组首次排便时间、首次排气时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组PAC-QOL各维度评分及总分低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴在老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者中应用可有效促进排气、排便,改善便秘,提升生活质量。

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经损伤的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者的临床疗效。方法选取40例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,并对患者手术时间、切口平均长度、术中出血量、住院时间进行记录。对所有患者进行随访,观察和记录手术前、手术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访的影像学指标[包括术后Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度百分比(RAVH)]、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)腰疼评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)及视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,评价临床结果的改善程度。结果所有手术均顺利完成,患者平均手术时间(76.2±7.2)min,术中平均出血量(68.5±3.8)mL,切口平均长度(11.8±0.9)cm,平均住院时间(10.1±1.2)d。术后及随访期间均未出现感染、内固定物松动及断裂等并发症。患者术后一周Cobb角较术前显著改善,RAVH较术前显著增加(P<0.05);术后6个月较术后一周及末次随访较术后6个月比较,患者Cobb角略有增加,RAVH略有丢失,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术前、术后一周、术后一月及末次随访患者JOA评分显著增加,而VAS和ODI评分随时间推移而显著减少,差异在不同时间点具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术在治疗胸腰椎骨折时,可以有效恢复伤椎椎体高度,纠正矢状面后凸Cobb角,恢复脊柱生理曲度,具有显著的临床疗效。

有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折生物力学分析中的应用及发展方向

背景:脊柱骨折最高发部位是胸腰段,其症状为后背部疼痛、后凸畸形、活动受限,或伴脊髓神经损伤引发下肢疼痛、麻木甚至截瘫等并发症。有限元法是一种数字化的计算机建模技术,能真实模拟实物模型并进行受力分析。目的:综述有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中的应用。方法:在中英文文献数据库PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网中检索2024年3月之前发表的有限元分析法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中应用的相关文献,中英文检索词为“有限元分析法(finite element analysis methods)”“生物力学(biomechanical phenomena)”“应力分析(stress analysis)”“胸腰椎骨折(thoracolumbar fractures)”“脊柱骨折(spinal fractures)”,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①通过有限元法对不同病因(骨质疏松性、创伤性、病理性)导致的胸腰椎骨折进行探索,有利于对各种类型胸腰椎骨折的生物力学特征有更加深刻的认识,完善对胸腰椎骨折的个性化和精细化治疗;②单一样本或数量较少样本的有限元分析具有偶然性,未来的有限元分析需要更大的样本数量来减少样本偶然性带来的误差;③仅骨骼的刚性结构不能满足实物的完整性所具有的生物力学工况,未来的有限元模型需要尽可能纳入实物的所有结构(例如肌肉、韧带等软组织);④有限元法在骨质疏松性和创伤性胸腰椎骨折方面的研究较多,未来需要进行更加深入的研究;病理性胸腰椎骨折领域的研究较少,未来研究范围较广。

脊柱胸腰段应力分布与骨折相关性的三维有限元分析

目的:观察脊柱胸腰段骨折与椎体骨性结构及韧带间应力分布的相关性,探索脊柱胸腰段椎体骨折的力学机制。方法:招募8名健康男性青年志愿者,行脊柱全长X线片和CT检查排除脊柱畸形、肿瘤及骨病,对脊柱各椎体及股骨行骨密度测定排除骨质疏松。均行自T11椎体上终板至L2椎体下缘CT薄层扫描,将8名志愿者CT图像参数导入ABAQUS 2016软件中进行标准化,并进行有限元网格化构建。应用MIMICS 17.0、GEOMAGICS 15.0和PRO/ENGINEER 5.0软件处理,建立脊柱胸腰段有限元模型,测量模型相关参数,并验证模型有效性。在T11椎体上终板上加载竖直轴向载荷500N、附加扭矩10N·m模拟垂直压缩、前屈、后伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转7种运动状态,使用ABAQUS软件对有限元模型7种运动状态下的应力分布特点及变化规律进行分析,观察应力分布与脊柱胸腰段骨折的相关性。结果:建立的三维有限元模型共有309583个节点和428760个单元,包括4个椎体、3个椎间盘、前纵韧带、后纵韧带、横突间韧带、棘间韧带等结构。7种运动状态下的数据与文献报道的数据无明显偏差,模型有效。T11~L2椎体椎弓根截面积分别为135mm^(2)、154mm^(2)、105mm^(2)、139.2mm^(2)。应力云图结果显示各运动状态下高应力区存在于椎体的松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质。在垂直压缩状况下,T12椎体所受应力最大(617.4MPa),前屈状态下T11所受应力最大(200.7MPa),后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体所受应力最大(314.2MPa、574.4MPa、626.2MPa、641.3MPa、527.1MPa),且前屈体位时椎体所能承受的应力最小,左旋转时所能承受的应力最大。垂直压缩状况下T12椎体发生骨折,前屈状态下T11发生骨折伴韧带损伤,后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体发生骨折伴韧带损伤。骨折发生时,前纵韧带在后伸、左右侧屈状态下存在高应力区,后纵韧带在前屈状态下存在高应力区,横突间韧带和棘间韧带在前屈、左右侧屈、左右旋转状态下存在高应力区。结论:在构建包括重要韧带、椎间盘等软组织结构的脊柱胸腰段三维模型中,椎体松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质、韧带均存在高应力区,不同状态下所受应力最大椎体不同,发生骨折的椎体和韧带损伤也不同;L1椎弓根截面积最小,最易发生骨折。

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折合并胸腰筋膜损伤患者在椎体强化术后临床疗效分析

目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)合并胸腰筋膜损伤(TFI)患者在椎体强化术后的临床疗效。方法选取2022年11月至2023年8月川北医学院附属医院骨科收治的81例采用经皮椎体球囊后凸成形术(PKP)治疗的OVCF患者为研究对象,根据是否合并TFI进行分组,将合并TFI的患者作为TFI组(n=36),未合并TFI患者作为NTFI组(n=45)。比较两组患者年龄、性别、住院时间、骨密度等一般资料;手术时间、术中出血量、伤椎节段(T10-L2、L3-I5)占比、单侧或双侧穿刺占比、骨水泥注射量等术中指标。分别采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者腰部疼痛程度和腰椎功能改善情况。结果两组患者伤椎节段占比、手术时间、术中出血量、单或双侧穿刺占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术前、术后3 d VAS、ODI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TFI组患者术后1、3个月VAS、ODI评分均高于NTFI组患者(P<0.05)。结论TFI组患者在采用PKP治疗后3个月内,腰椎疼痛缓解程度和腰椎功能改善情况均较NTFI组患者差,TFI可作为OVCF合并TFI患者在椎体强化术后临床疗效观察的有效指标。

术后整体护理干预对经皮椎体成形术患者邻近椎体再骨折的预防效果

目的分析术后整体护理干预对经皮椎体成形术患者邻近椎体再骨折的预防效果。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月于我院行经皮椎体成形术治疗的胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者90例,随机分为两组,各45例。对照组术后实施常规护理,研究组实施术后整体护理干预。对比两组的康复效果、疼痛程度(VAS)、腰椎功能(ODI)、心理状态(SAS、SDS)及并发症。结果研究组下床活动时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组VAS、ODI、SAS及SDS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组邻近椎体再骨折1例(2.22%),对照组6例(13.33%);研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者实施经皮椎体成形术后开展整体护理,有利于提高康复效果,预防邻近椎体再骨折的发生。

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨折对患者手术创伤程度及脊柱功能的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(Percutaneous Vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗老年胸腰椎骨折对患者手术创伤程度、脊柱功能的影响。方法方便选取2022年2月-2023年2月东台市中医院骨伤科收治的84例老年胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,以随机数生成器将患者分成两组,各42例。其中切开组应用切开复位内固定治疗;观察组应用PVP术式治疗。对比两组手术创伤程度(出血量、切口长度、住院时间),脊柱功能(椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Dability Index,ODI),数字模拟评分法(Numeric Rating Scale,NRS),Barthel指数评分(Barthel Index,BI),世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHO Quality of Life,WHOQOL)。结果观察组出血量、切口长度、住院时间分别为(52.11±13.83)mL、(4.58±1.26)cm、(10.59±2.48)d,切开组对应指标分别为(116.79±15.98)mL、(11.86±2.95)cm、(13.75±2.64)d,观察组指标水平均优于切开组,差异有统计学意义(t=19.835、14.708、5.654,P均<0.05)。术前两组椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);术后两组椎体前缘高度增加,后凸Cobb角减小,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组患者的ODI、NRS、BI以及WHOQOL评分均优于切开组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论PVP术式在治疗老年胸腰椎骨折患者中表现出令人满意的效果,能够控制手术创伤,促进脊柱功能恢复,并且有助于降低术后脊柱功能障碍、疼痛水平,能够使患者获得更全面的自主生活能力和更高的生活质量。

单、双侧穿刺经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的比较单、双侧穿刺经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法将62例行PKP治疗的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者按单、双侧穿刺不同分为单侧组(32例)和双侧组(30例)。比较两组骨水泥注入量及渗漏情况、术中X线透视时间、手术时间、术后疼痛VAS评分以及影像学指标。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~13个月。骨水泥注入量、术中X线透视时间、手术时间单侧组均少(短)于双侧组(P<0.01)。术后疼痛VAS评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单侧组3例、双侧组7例发生骨水泥渗漏,但均无临床症状。伤椎前缘高度、伤椎中央高度、Cobb角两组术后均较术前改善(P<0.05),两组术后比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单、双侧穿刺PKP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折均能改善患者疼痛症状、纠正脊柱后凸畸形,恢复伤椎高度,单侧穿刺术中X线透视时间和手术时间更短、骨水泥注入量更少。

前路或后路内固定联合悬吊训练对胸腰段脊柱骨折患者步行功能、静态平衡能力的影响研究

目的 分析前路或后路内固定联合悬吊训练对胸腰段脊柱骨折患者步行功能、静态平衡能力的影响。方法 回顾性选取2021年5月—2023年5月建始县人民医院收治的85例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式差异分为研究组(前路内固定联合悬吊训练,47例)和对照组(后路内固定联合悬吊训练,48例)。对比两组步行功能(包括Holden步行能力等级和6 min步行距离)、静态平衡能力(躯干损伤评定量表和Berg平衡量表)。结果 治疗后研究组的步行能力评分(3.78±0.42)分、6 min步行距离(199.51±5.43)m优于对照组的(3.14±0.31)分和(176.54±4.51)m,差异有统计学意义(t=8.463、22.449,P均<0.05)。研究组静态平衡能力相关评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 前路内固定联合悬吊训练,可改善胸腰段脊柱骨折患者步行功能,提高步行能力及静态平衡能力。

分阶段中西医综合治疗对骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折椎体后凸成形术术后再骨折的影响

目的探究分阶段中西医综合治疗对骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术术后再骨折的影响。方法随机选取2022年8月—2023年12月湛江市第二中医医院收治的60例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受经皮椎体后凸成形术,根据术后不同治疗方式将患者分成对照组(n=30,使用唑来膦酸钠治疗)和观察组(n=30,实施分阶段中西医综合治疗)。对比两组术后椎体再骨折发生率、骨密度、胸腰椎活动度。结果观察组椎体再骨折发生率为3.33%,低于对照组的26.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.405,P<0.05)。治疗前,两组骨密度、Cobb角,椎体间活动范围对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,两组骨密度、椎体间活动范围均提升,Cobb角减小,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论将分阶段中西医综合治疗应用于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折精经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术术后患者的治疗中,能有效提升骨密度,降低术后再骨折发生率,改善胸腰椎活动度。

经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术与传统开放椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的近远期疗效

目的 探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术与传统开放椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的近远期疗效。方法 选取我院2018年6月—2021年6月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者124例,根据手术方案不同分为观察组与对照组,每组各62例。观察组采用微创经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,对照组采用传统开放椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间、影像学指标及术后功能恢复情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间均显著降低(P<0.05);两组术后1 d、12个月、24个月伤椎前缘高度均较术前提高,Cobb角均较术前降低(P<0.05);术后1 d,观察组椎前缘高度显著高于对照组,Cobb角显著低于对照组(P<0.05),术后12个月、24个月两组伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后6个月、12个月ODI指数均较术前显著降低,且观察组降低程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1周、6个月、12个月VAS评分均较术前显著降低,其中观察组术后1周VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对胸腰椎骨折患者实施经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗可降低创伤及疼痛程度,改善腰椎功能,有助于早期康复,远期疗效显著,安全性较高。

补肾健脾壮骨汤治疗脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果

目的探讨补肾健脾壮骨汤治疗脊柱压缩性骨折的效果。方法选取2019年3月至2021年5月上海市嘉定区中医医院骨伤科住院的单椎体压缩骨折患者60例,将其按随机数字表法分为治疗组(经皮椎体注入骨水泥治疗配合补肾健脾壮骨汤口服,中药连续口服4周)和对照组(仅行经皮椎体注入骨水泥治疗),各30例。观察两组术前及术后1周、3个月的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和日本骨科协会(JOA)腰痛评分及Cobb角的改变,比较两组疗效及治疗前、术后3个月骨代谢指标的变化。记录两组治疗期间发生的不良反应。结果两组术后1周、3个月VAS评分和Cobb角均低于术前,JOA腰痛评分高于术前,术后3个月VAS评分和Cobb角均低于术后1周,JOA腰痛评分高于术后1周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后1周、3个月的VAS评分和Cobb角均低于同期对照组,JOA腰痛评分高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组骨钙素(OCN)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)高于术前,人胶原交联羧基末端肽(CTX)低于术前,且治疗组OCN、BALP高于对照组,CTX低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补肾健脾壮骨汤联合椎体骨水泥注入治疗脊柱压缩骨折对患者的腰痛及功能改善效果理想,对骨代谢改善较为明显。

单侧和双侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折疗效对比

目的比较骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者实施单侧和双侧入路经皮椎体成形术的治疗效果。方法方便选择福建省漳州市医院2018年1月—2020年12月收治的95例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,根据手术入路方式将患者分为单侧组(n=43)、双侧组(n=52),单侧组行经单侧入路椎体成形术治疗,双侧组行双侧入路椎体成形术治疗,比较两组VAS评分、透视次数以及手术时间,评价两组骨水泥注入量,记录两组渗漏情况。结果单侧组VAS评分(1.52±0.61)分与双侧组(1.71±0.62)分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单侧组手术时间(30.21±8.31)h少于双侧组,透视次数(10.21±4.53)次少于双侧组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.932、5.805,P<0.05);单侧组患者发生渗漏率5.77%低于双侧组患者发生渗漏率20.93%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.902,P<0.05);单侧组腰椎骨水泥体积(5.02±0.28)mL、胸椎骨水泥体积(4.11±0.49)mL小于双侧组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单侧与双侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸椎骨折的效果相似,但是单侧入路可缩短手术时间,渗漏率低。