Traumatic pancreatic fistula with sinistral portal hypertension:Surgical management

Combined ductal and vascular injuries are awesome complications of pancreatic injury.We report on a 29-year-old male unrestrained driver who sustained a blunt abdominal injury from the steering wheel in a high velocity head-on car collision.He developed a pancreatic fistula,portosplenic venous thrombosis and sinistral portal hypertension as a result of complete duct disruption at the pancreatic neck.We describe a safe surgical strategy of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy after failed medical and endoscopic management.

A Large Ductile Sinistral Strike-Slip Shear Zone and Its Movement Timing in the South Qilian Mountains, Western China

There is a large ductile shear zone, 2 km wide and more than 350 km long, inthe South Qilian Mountains, western China. It is composed of volcanic, granitic and calcareousmylonites. The microstructures of the ductile shear zone show nearly E-W extending subverticalfoliation, horizontal and oblique stretching lineations, shearing sense from sinistral to obliquesinistral strike-slip from east to west, 'A' type folds and abundant granitic veins. Measuredlattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of the mylonitic and recrystallized quartz of the graniticmylonite in the west segment suggest a strong LPO characterized by the dominant slip systems (1010) formed at high temperature (>650 deg C). K-feldspar of the mylonite shows an ^(39)Ar/^(40)Arhigh-temperature plateau age of 243.3 +- 1.3 Ma, and biotite, 250.5 +- 0.5 Ma, which represent theformation age of the ductile shear zone. The ^(39)Ar/^(40)Ar plateau ages of 169.7 +- 0.3 Ma and160.6 +- 0.1 Ma and the ^(39)Ar/^(40)Ar isochron ages of 166.99 +- 2.37 Ma and 160.6 +- 0.1 Ma ofbiotites in the mylonite represent the subsequent deformation age. These ages indicate that thisductile shear zone is similar to the Altun and South Kunlun sinistral ductile shear zones in itsages of movement, formation, reactivation and duration.

Sinistral portal hypertension associated with pancreatic pseudocysts - ultrasonography findings: A case report

BACKGROUND Sinistral portal hypertension associated with pancreatic pseudocysts is rare,often caused by extrinsic compression of splenic vein,the follow-up examinations by ultrasonography for early diagnosis are quietly necessary since haematemesis,a life-threatening condition.Few studies have reported the ultrasonography findings of sinistral portal hypertension.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain after drinking,steatorrhea,weight loss and accidentally melena in the past 2 mo.He underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in other hospital and diagnosed with pancreatic pseudocysts.Ultrasonography imaging,in our department,appeared as cystic heterogeneous hypoechoic area with the size of 4.7 cm×3.8 cm that located posterior to the body and tail of pancreas,adjacent to splenic vein associated with thrombosis resulted from compression.Spleen incrassated to approximately 7.3 cm,but no dilation of main portal vein was presented.Color Doppler Flow Imaging demonstrated the formation of splenic venous collateral,nevertheless no significantly flow signals was observed in splenic vein.Pulsed Doppler revealed that the peak velocity of splenic venous collateral was 18.4 cm/s with continuous waveform.Laparotomy confirmed sinistral portal hypertension associated with pancreatic pseudocysts,subsequently distal pancreatectomy combined with splenectomy and partial gastrectomy was performed.CONCLUSION It’s important clinically to know the ultrasound appearance of sinistral portal hypertension associated with pancreatic pseudocysts for sonographer and physician.

Sinistral strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the northeast of Shaleitian Bulge,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The structural style, fault activity, strike-slip displacement, and the formation mechanism and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the center tectonic zone in the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone were studied by seismic attribute analysis, structural geometric analysis, fault activity analysis, structure evolution history and simulation of hydrocarbon migration, based on 3-D seismic and drilling data. The main results are as follows:(1) The study area is a superimposed tectonic zone, which experienced early(Paleocene and Eocene) extension and late(Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary) strike-slip and pull-apart.(2) The sinistral strike slip of the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone went through two periods, Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary, and the Bohai section was active earlier than the inland section.(3) The sinistral strike slip displacement of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault is 4 km since Cenozoic, including 1 km in the Oligocene, and 3 km in the Pliocene-Quaternary.(4) The strike-slip movements have resulted in the increase of fault activity and basin-mountain restructure in the fault zone, also contributed to the formation of the central tectonic belt and the conjugate evolution in north-east structural belt.(5) The conjugate strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone dominated the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in shallow formations by controlling the injection points and segments of hydrocarbon from the deep layers to shallow layers.

Discovery of the Early Devonian Sinistral Shear in the Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone and its Tectonic Significance

The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone （JSFZ） was formed by the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Neoproterozoic.Since the Paleozoic,the JSFZ has experienced three episodes of tectonic activities：the Early Paleozoic ductile strike-slip shear,Early Mesozoic thrust,and the Late Mesozoic extension.

Sinistral Strike-slip Movement Along Western Terminal Segment of the Active Daqingshan Piedmont Fault, Inner Mongolia, China

There are 18 gullies displaying sinistral contortions to different degrees along the western terminal segment about 10 km long of the active Daqingshan piedmont fault near the Donghe District, Baotou City. The contortion amount of gullies ranges from 20 m to 300 m. The contortion and length of the gullies are in direct proportion. The relation between piedmont terraces and gullies indicates that the gullies with upper reaches of about 1 ～ 5 km long and those smaller than one kilometer were formed at the end of Late Pleistocene and Holocene.Meanwhile, sandy gravel layer of alluvial-proluvial sediment on the upthrown wall is directly in contact with yellow clayey sand of the downthrown wall. During the Holocene, the sinistral strike-slip rate along the western terminal segment of the active Daqingshan piedmont fault reached 5 mm/a from age data of dislocated sediments. The evolutional mechanism of the active Daqingshan piedmont fault is also discussed in the paper.

STUDY ON COUPLING MODEL OF (SEEPAGE-FIELD) AND STRESS-FIELD FOR ROLLED CONTROL CONCRETE DAM

Based on the construction interfaces in rolled control concrete dam(RCCD), the methods were proposed to calculate the influence thickness of construction interfaces and the corresponding physical mechanics parameters. The principle on establishing the coupling model of seepage_field and stress_field for RCCD was presented. A 3_D Finite Element Method(FEM) program was developed. Study shows that such parameters as the thickness of construction interfaces,the elastic ratio and the (Poisson's) ratio obtained by tests and theoretical analysis are more reasonable, the coupling model of seepage_field and stress_field for RCCD may indicate the coupling effect between the two fields scientifically, and the developed 3_D FEM program can reflect the effect of the construction interfaces more adequately. According to the study, many scientific opinions are given both to analyze the influence of the construction interfaces to the (dam's) characteristic, and to reveal the interaction between the stress_field and the seepage_field.

不同扭结方向秦艽中环烯醚萜苷类含量比较

目的:通过三种环烯醚萜苷含量比较,对不同基原和产地的秦艽品质进行评价。方法:分别以马钱苷酸、獐芽菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷的含量及三者之和,评价不同基原、不同产地左旋秦艽和右旋秦艽的品质。结果:对24批左旋秦艽和右旋秦艽的样品比较,以马钱苷酸含量计算,其中5批样品的含量左旋高于右旋;以獐牙菜苦苷含量计算,左旋和右旋各占一半;以龙胆苦苷含量计算,其中5批样品的含量左旋高于右旋;以三者总含量计算,9批样品中右旋均高于左旋,占比75%。左旋秦艽中三种环烯醚萜苷类总含量分别为8.08%、102.50%、14.47%,右旋秦艽含量分别为11.77%、108.80%、14.61%;左、右旋秦艽中总环烯醚萜苷类含量累计值分别为125.05%和135.18%。结论:以上结果对秦艽科学分析和品质评价提供参考,也为论证《本草纲目》中“但以左文者为良,分秦与艽为二名,谬矣”的观点提供一定依据。

依兰‒伊通断裂带晚中生代走滑与伸展构造变形及其应力场

NE走向、延伸超过900km的依兰‒伊通断裂带是中国东北地区重要的大型断裂构造。然而关于该断裂带起源型式、伸展变形特征以及初始断陷时间长期以来存在较大分歧。本文对依兰‒伊通断裂带起源期和伸展构造变形规律、变形时间以及应力场特征进行了详细的野外调查、火山岩锆石U-Pb定年以及断层擦痕位移矢量反演研究。结果表明,依兰‒伊通断裂带在尚志隆起以及白垩纪‒古近纪地堑外侧保存着左行走滑断层或韧性剪切带,代表了其起源期构造。根据前人研究成果及未变形火山岩的年龄(125 Ma),限定起源时间为晚侏罗世初‒早白垩世初。早白垩世中期之前依兰‒伊通断裂带转变为伸展变形,南段控制发育的叶赫地堑具有典型的断陷盆地特征。在出露的花岗岩基底及地堑内下白垩统均可见一期NE走向正断层发育。应力场反演结果表明,依兰‒伊通断裂带起源期左行走滑活动是在近S-N向(偏NNW向)的挤压应力场作用下发育,晚期又叠加了NW-SE向的拉张应力场作用,导致该断裂带转为正断活动。本文认为太平洋区伊泽奈崎板块早白垩世初向东亚大陆下平板俯冲,随后俯冲板片后撤导致强烈的弧后伸展,是依兰‒伊通断裂带晚中生代左行走滑与伸展活动的动力学成因。

Treatment of colonic varices and gastrointestinal bleeding by recanalization and stenting of splenic-vein-thrombosis:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Splenic vein thrombosis is a known complication of pancreatitis.It can lead to increased blood flow through mesenteric collaterals.This segmental hypertension may result in the development of colonic varices(CV)with a high risk of severe gastrointestinal bleeding.While clear guidelines for treatment are lacking,splenectomy or splenic artery embolization are often used to treat bleeding.Splenic vein stenting has been shown to be a safe option.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old female patient was admitted due to recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.She was anemic with a hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL.As a source of bleeding,CV were identified.Computed tomography scans revealed thrombotic occlusion of the splenic vein,presumably as a result of a severe acute pancreatitis 8 years prior.In a selective angiography,a dilated mesenterial collateral leading from the spleen to enlarged vessels in the right colonic flexure and draining into the superior mesenteric vein could be confirmed.The hepatic venous pressure gradient was within normal range.In an interdisciplinary board,transhepatic recanalization of the splenic vein via balloon dilatation and consecutive stenting,as well as coiling of the aberrant veins was discussed and successfully performed.Consecutive evaluation revealed complete regression of CV and splenomegaly as well as normalization of the red blood cell count during follow-up.CONCLUSION Recanalization and stenting of splenic vein thrombosis might be considered in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to CV.However,a multidisciplinary approach with a thorough workup and discussion of individualized therapeutic strategies is crucial in these difficult to treat patients.

慢性胰腺炎脾门假性囊肿分类及其与SPH关系的影像学研究

目的为鉴别脾门假性囊肿与脾内假性囊肿、脾周局灶性积液,运用影像学和2号中国可视人(second Chinese Visible Human,CVH2)数据库归纳脾门假性囊肿分类,探究脾门假性囊肿和左侧区域性门静脉高压(sinistral portal hypertation,SPH)的潜在关系。方法采集2019年291例慢性胰腺炎患者CT或MRI图像,归纳脾门假性囊肿分类,在CVH2图像上模拟本影像学脾门假性囊肿分类法,分析脾门假性囊肿与SPH之间的潜在关系。结果脾门假性囊肿可分为3类:胰尾假性囊肿扩张至脾门,并进一步伸入脾实质形成脾门假性囊肿;主胰管瘘发展成脾门假性囊肿;胰尾假性囊肿和胰瘘共同形成脾门假性囊肿。脾门假性囊肿是SPH的重要风险预测指标(OR=7.88,P<0.001)。结论运用可视化技术归纳并虚拟展示脾门假性囊肿分类法,对后续治疗方案的选择起指导作用。

Formation and evolution of the South China Sea since the Late Mesozoic:A review

The existing genetic models of the South China Sea(SCS)include an extrusion model of the Indochina Peninsula,a back-arc extension model,and a subduction and dragging model of the Proto-South China Sea(PSCS).However,none of these models has been universally accepted because they do not fully match a large number of geological phenomena and facts.By examining the regional tectonics and integrating them with measured data for the SCS,in this study,a back-arc spreading-sinistral shear model is proposed.It is suggested that the SCS is a back-arc basin formed by northward subduction of the PSCS and its formation was triggered by left-lateral strike-slip motion due to the northward drift of the Philippine Sea Plate.The left-lateral strike-slip fault on the western margin caused by the Indo-Eurasian collision changed the direction of the Southwest Sub-basin's spreading axis from nearly E–W to NE–SW,and subduction retreat caused the spreading ridge to jump southward.This study summarizes the evolution of the SCS and adjacent regions since the Late Mesozoic.

苏拉威西岛北部左旋走滑与俯冲后撤的动力学分析

苏拉威西岛北部属于马鲁古海板块,其主体是北苏拉威西海沟俯冲带与帕卢-科洛左旋走滑断裂所围限的岛北支和岛东支。大约5 Ma前,苏拉群岛沿Sorong断层与苏拉威西岛东支碰撞,导致北苏拉威西海沟俯冲后撤,引起了岛北支顺时针旋转约20°~25°,同时,西侧的帕卢-科洛断层发生了约4 cm/a的左旋走滑。本文利用综合地球物理方法,计算了该区三维温度、速度、黏性特征,认为:苏拉威西岛北部在左旋走滑、俯冲后撤过程中,地壳以脆性变形为主,但由于北苏拉威西海沟俯冲带在地壳内形成南向倾斜的软弱层,Moho面和地形“镜像”区域内形成脆、韧变形共存的组合。地幔变形为韧性变形,深度约100 km的上地幔低速流变层是地幔韧性变形的主控层位。在周边板块边界不断移动的动力学背景中,苏拉威西岛北部在地壳尺度以收缩-伸展变形为主,在岩石圈尺度以旋转变形为主。

阿尔金断裂早期走滑运动方向及其活动时间探讨

有关阿尔金断裂的地质问题长期存在争论,尤其是有关活动时间的观点最多,运动方向也有不同看法。本文阐述了阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动。在元古宙地层中产出的大型弧形构造、流变褶曲形态完整而清楚,同时镜下的显微构造观察和岩组分析,为进一步确定阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动提供了充分证据。其初始活动时间至少在870Ma前。左旋走滑运动的确定对弄清阿尔金断裂的发展演化和矿产预测具有意义。

青藏高原东南缘晚新生代川滇地体旋扭构造体系地壳变形特征的古地磁学分析

通过对川滇地体、思茅地体白垩纪、古近纪地层古地磁数据以及新生代地壳构造特征的分析,结合青藏高原东南缘GPS监测研究结果,揭示了新生代时期青藏高原东南缘地壳块体的旋转变形特征.根据古地磁数据模拟计算得出～5Ma以来哀牢山-红河走滑断裂带（ARF）受川滇地体挤压而发生弯曲变形的南北向偏移速率至少为～13.05mm/a,奠边俯左旋走滑断裂带（DBPF）西侧思茅地体内部自～5Ma以来至少存在～2.08mm/a的东西向伸展分量,而DBPF 5Ma以来的南北向平均左旋走滑速度则至少为～1.66mm/a,与现今GPS监测结果基本一致.证明鲜水河-小江左旋走滑断裂带（XXF）的左旋走滑运动虽然没有切断ARF,但是川滇地体的南向顺时针旋转挤压作用导致了断裂带的南向弯曲变形,从而吸收了部分左旋走滑速率,造成左旋走滑运动在跨过ARF传递到DBPF后走滑速率发生了突变,由～10mm/a减小于2～3mm/a.缅泰地块和思茅地体在经历了渐新世-中新世时期以高黎贡山-实楷右旋走滑断裂带和ARF为边界的东南侧向顺时针旋转挤出运动之后,自5Ma开始,至少思茅地体与川滇地体一起,以XXF和DBPF为旋转边界发生了以东喜马拉雅构造节为近似中心的旋转挤出运动.

柴达木盆地西北缘始新世晚期古隆起与阿尔金断裂的形成

研究阿尔金断裂的演化是理解青藏高原隆升过程的重要环节。本文以柴达木盆地西北缘的地震剖面、残余厚度图、沉积相图等资料进行沉积、构造的综合研究,揭示了柴达木盆地西北缘在始新世晚期开始抬升,因此导致柴达木盆地西北缘生长地层的发育。这种抬升作用在平面上则表现为与阿尔金断裂呈～30°相交的NWW-SEE走向古隆起,以及与之相关的如冲积扇等边缘沉积相。本文分析认为阿尔金断裂在始新世晚期开始孕育,在深部形成左旋性质的韧性剪切带,在地表则通过形成左阶雁列式褶皱(即古隆起)来调节深部的位移量。

郯庐断裂带中-南段走滑构造特征与变形规律

在大别造山带东端和苏鲁造山带西端,郯庐断裂带存在着同造山期和早白垩世两期左旋走滑韧性剪切带,在张八岭隆起南段迄今为止只发现了早白垩世的走滑剪切带。这些剪切带由若干条小型韧性剪切带组成,带内糜棱岩都具有陡倾的糜棱面理和平缓的矿物拉伸线理。野外构造、显微构造及石英C轴组构皆指示了左旋走滑剪切指向。新生矿物组合和矿物变形行为分析显示大别山东端郯庐早、晚两期剪切带主要形成于中绿片岩相的变质温度环境,张八岭隆起南段剪切带主要形成于高绿片岩相的变质温度环境,苏鲁造山带西端郯庐早、晚两期剪切带则形成于高角闪岩相的变质温度环境。糜棱岩内基质中新生白云母的电子探针分析指示大别山东端和张八岭隆起南段出露的郯庐韧性剪切带形成于低压环境下,而苏鲁造山带西端的郯庐韧性剪切带形成于高压榴辉岩相环境。这些详细的构造研究显示:在华北与华南板块的碰撞造山期郯庐断裂带以左旋走滑构造型式存在,而在早白垩世太平洋构造域中它又再次发生了强烈的左行平移。

阿尔金断裂:几何学、性质和生长方式

阿尔金断裂具有线性与弧形相叠加的几何学特征及强烈的时空不均一性,阿尔金断裂是一条同时具有逆冲、左行走滑和正滑复杂力学性质的巨型断裂系。走滑作用和正滑作用的主要时期分别为白垩纪-新生代和上新世-第四纪,逆冲作用则是晚古生代以来一直起主导作用的变形事件（大约305Ma以来）。阿尔金断裂的形成与其两侧地块的强烈不均一变形（阿尔金山腹地以收缩变形为主,祁连地块以逆冲扩展为主）有关,它经历了分段破裂、逐段连接和逐渐扩展的动力学过程,其形成与祁连地块中的上叠式逆冲序列和青藏高原隆升同步,随着自南而北逆冲扩展和青藏高原隆升的不断加剧,阿尔金断裂北东端点往北东方向扩展,南西端点往南西方向生长,这一运动学过程持续至今。

阿尔金断裂两侧构造单元的对比及岩石圈剪切机制

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