档案视角下的中外文化差异比较--以中美档案法律体系为例

档案法作为档案事业发展的制度保障,在维护档案的真实性、完整性、可用性及安全性方面发挥着重要作用。党的二十大报告对加快建设数字中国作出战略部署,为新时代档案法治建设指明了方向。立足新发展阶段,需要从全球视野审视中外档案法律实践,借鉴国际经验,推进中国特色档案法治体系和治理能力现代化。选取中美两国为研究对象,在梳理两国档案法律体系发展脉络的基础上,围绕法律产生背景、主要内容规定、管理实践应用等层面,运用比较研究方法,系统分析两国档案法律的差异性特征及其所折射出的文化内涵,进而基于中国国情探讨中国特色档案法治文化建设的路径。

全球价值链重构下两岸经贸关系的发展趋向--针对两个典型事件的综合效应评估分析

近年来,贸易保护主义、新一轮工业革命、区域合作活动、新冠肺炎疫情等多重因素叠加作用,推动全球价值链步入深度调整和重构时期,两岸经贸关系发展因而面临新的挑战与机遇。本文以中美贸易争端和RCEP签署实施为两个典型事件,基于GTAP模型模拟量化评估全球价值链重构对于两岸经贸关系发展的影响效应。结果表明:由两个典型事件所表征的全球价值链的分散化和区域化趋势,都会造成一定的产能重置效应与贸易转移效应,影响中国台湾地区厂商的跨境生产布局与相关经济体之间的双边贸易格局;在此过程中,中国台湾地区厂商需要权衡贸易成本与生产效率以决定在中国内地的产能配置结构,而两岸贸易规模将在一定程度上被削弱,中国台湾地区也面临在区域价值链构建过程中被边缘化的风险。综合判断,全球价值链重构恰为中国内地推动经济结构转型、提升全球生产分工效能提供了迫切动力;而未来两岸经贸关系的发展,在极大程度上将取决于中国内地经济转型与区域经济整合的成效。

Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on Import and Export Trade Pattern of Soybean in Heilongjiang

Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

The Brief Introduction to the Sino-US Joint Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection

Erosion and transport of soil has worldwide implications for agriculture, landscape stability, climate, natural hazards, and clean, renewable resources of water and air. Assured access to clean water and a healthy and safe environment requires an ethic of conservation and protection. The minimum scale in which these principles apply successfully is basin wide. These are the fundamental concerns of the Sino-US Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection.

An Analysis of Pragmatic Strategy on Sino-US Business Negotiation from the Adaptation Theory

Since China joins in WTO,its economic activities with America become more frequent. With the help of Adaptation Theory,the thesis mainly discusses on the application of adaptation strategy to Sino-US business negotiations from two ways,communicative context and language structure of adaptability. According to communicative context,the thesis states the extra linguistic factors in Sino-US negotiations,such as the mental world,the social world and the physical world of Sino-US negotiators. What's more,The thesis also discuss adaptation to language structure,such as,sound,word and syntactic structure.

Research and Analysis of the Sino-US Agricultural Trade in Current Decade

China has a large population, so the supply of agricultural products is very essential, and agricultural trade plays an important role. According to the data from the United Nations’ commodity trade, the rate of agricultural products trade development between China and the United States is declining since 2012, and China has kept perennial trade disadvantage for a long period of time. In order to change the current trade situation, we must make in-depth analysis on the two countries’ agricultural products trade status and their characteristics, thus target to development of trade strategy. This paper first introduces the current imbalance situation of the agricultural trade between China and the United States, then analyzes the causes of trade imbalance and its impact. Finally, some relevant countermeasures are putting forward, such as expanding the scale of the economy and agriculture;narrowing the gap between international and domestic regions and improving the quality and safety of agricultural products.

New Sino-US Strategic Gambling and China’s Strategy

Since confidence is fading and anxiety is increasing in the US,America’s China policy has become more radical. In the short term, the US has the upper hand and China is in a relatively passive position. In the medium-and long-term, there will be more balance between them. This current strategic gambling between China and the US will be the major issue of international politics in the first half of the 21 st century and the most prominent external challenge China faces. China needs to make strategic adjustments but the gamble may be worthwhile in correcting imbalance in the international order and in the co-evolution of the two countries.

Sino-US “Major Consensus”:Past and Future

"Major Consensus"between China and the United States during the Past 35 Years The so-called"major consensus"refers to the tacit understanding and agreement between the two countries on a series of fundamental strategic issues.These fundamental strategic issues include which kind of country they expect their own to become,what means they would adopt in order

Reflections on Sino-US English Writing Instruction

English writing has been a weakness in College English teaching and learning in China.Some disparities are noticed by comparing the ways English writing are taught in US and Chinese universities.It is from these differences that Chinese teachers can draw inspirations for improving English writing instruction and students' writing ability.

中美新局势下的贸易摩擦——动因、影响及我国对策

近年来,美国打着“国家安全”和“公平贸易”的幌子,对中国采取了一系列不公正的强硬措施,标志着两国关系进入新局势。美国发起贸易战,名义是平衡贸易关系,实则意图遏制中国经济发展和技术进步,以维护其全球霸主地位。美国拜登政府沿袭了特朗普政府对华贸易政策,以冷战思维与“零和”博弈为基调,通过关税战、芯片战、汇率战和金融战,使中美贸易摩擦蔓延至经济、科技、文化、社会等多个领域,深层次地影响中美经贸合作的长远利益。因此,在新局势下,中国须保持战略定力,构建高效投资框架和应急响应机制,探索“中国式区域合作”新模式,促进内部变革与区域合作协同发展,推动产业技术升级,完善市场体系,优化投资结构,稳固在新国际格局中的地位。

美对华半导体管制的趋势、实施要点与中国因应

针对不断升级的中美半导体领域争端,本文梳理了美国对华半导体管制的趋势与要点。从特朗普政府到拜登政府,美对华半导体管制呈现出由“有限出口”向“全面出口管制”、由“5G”延伸至“AI”、由“大棒”扩展为“胡萝卜加大棒”、从“单边约束”扩展到“多边合围”的趋势。从管制要点来看,拜登政府在半导体产业链的所有关键环节都设计了阻碍中国技术进步的方案,不但限制高算力芯片成品对华出口,而且限制产业链上游的芯片制造设备、零部件、芯片设计软件出口以及产业链下游的算力租赁服务。针对美政府全方位围堵,本文提出对外强化与非热点半导体国家的联系、重视非传统技术路线半导体开发、借鉴比利时微电子研究中心运作模式发展共性技术机构等产业突围思路。

菲律宾小马科斯政府南海政策变化解析

自小马科斯政府上台以来,菲律宾的南海政策发生了一些非常明显的变化,包括不断在南海挑起事端,试图固化对仁爱礁的长期占有并重返黄岩岛,强化美菲军事同盟关系,积极开展同美西方在南海地区的安全合作,加大“舆论加法律”攻势,通过炒作南海问题来博取国际社会支持等。这些变化的出现,既是菲律宾国家安全重心调整和转向的结果,也是家族政治与权力斗争激发和助推的结果,更是美国在对华竞争背景下鼓动和支持菲律宾的结果。这在很大程度上恶化了地区安全环境,影响了中国的维权效能,也为美国推进其对华战略竞争创造了有利条件,并将对中菲两国关系的发展产生强烈的冲击。不过,由于受到多种因素的影响和制约,菲律宾的南海政策不会就此发生根本性的逆转,中菲南海争端也不可能由此变得一发不可收拾。为此,中国应当采取一些更为有效的政策和措施予以理性应对。

美国对华出口管制对中国企业技术创新投入的影响研究

本文将美国对华出口管制作为一项准自然实验,以2018年第四季度至2022年第一季度进入美国实体清单的上市企业为处理组,运用多期双重差分模型比较分析企业在遭受美国出口管制前后技术创新投入的差异,实证考察了美国对华出口管制对中国被管制企业技术创新投入的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,美国对华出口管制显著抑制了中国被管制企业的技术创新投入,该影响持续体现在制裁实施后的第二、三期,随时间的推移逐渐减弱,并在第五期转为促进作用。异质性分析结果表明,高杠杆率企业和处于较低市场化水平的企业相对于其他企业,受美国对华出口管制的影响更加显著。机制分析的结果表明,美国对华出口管制政策通过加剧被管制企业的经营风险以及财务风险,限制了企业的技术创新投入。

比较视角下美国对华国家战略焦虑及遏制举措

当前美国对华全面战略焦虑是二战以来继对苏联和日本后的第三次国家战略焦虑。初次战略焦虑是基于美苏双方几无经济交集的战略竞争,是美国对苏联进行经济封锁、军备竞赛、舆论战和价值观颠覆,并动用盟友力量全面对抗。对日战略焦虑则限于经济领域,主要通过打击日本半导体产业、贸易战、整体上强迫日元升值来实现。而对华战略焦虑及应对举措更具全局性和激进性,是涉及经济、政治、军事、科技、意识形态、舆论的全方位对华战略遏制,是用美国主导的国际规则联合全球盟友来对华进行的组织化、体系化的竞争。对此,中国亟需清醒认识美国对华战略遏制的长期性和全面性,充分吸取历史经验与教训,在坚定自身发展道路的同时做好应对准备,不断夯实自身实力以应对未来的不确定挑战。

美国公众对中美科技实力认知的情感控制研究——基于“寰球民意指数”(2023)调查数据的分析

国家间科技实力的较量在大国博弈中作用显著,也是影响中美关系的重要变量。基于“寰球民意指数”(2023)调查数据,本文探讨了美国公众对中美科技实力的比较性认知及其影响因素。研究发现,在情感控制论的认知框架下,受访者对中国大国地位评价越积极,越认可中国的科技实力,但这种认知呈现出内部分裂的特质,积极与消极并存。美国政府对中国科技政策的损己效能显著影响公众对中美科技实力比较的认知,国际事务关注度则对中国科技实力的认知具有消极影响。研究勾勒了美国公众对中国科技实力和形象认知的民意轮廓,为我们思考跨文化情境下国际公众的情感政治基础提供了分析框架。

中美ICT产品贸易演变研究——基于空间模式可视化的分析方法

在全球进入数字技术驱动和引领的创新时代,信息通信技术(ICT)已经成为衡量一个国家数字贸易实力的重要标志。以2003—2022年中美ICT产品双边贸易数据为样本,基于空间模式可视化的分析方法,从微观和宏观角度分析了中美ICT产品贸易的特征和地位。首先,通过绘制贸易空间结构分析了中国向美国出口的ICT产品种类。其次,通过应用头尾断裂法和绘制希尔伯特曲线,对ICT产品分类的重要性进行了空间模式可视化呈现。结果表明:中美ICT产品双边贸易结构稳定,产品贸易变化程度均匀,存在贸易增长的空间和发展潜力。从产品看,“重量≤10kg的便携自动数据处理设备”在中美ICT产品贸易中表现出极其重要和稳定的特征。通过位序-规模法发现,中美ICT产品贸易呈现典型的重尾分布特征,78%的尾部产品对于保持和巩固ICT产品贸易结构的稳定性至关重要,22%的头部产品在中美贸易中扮演着重要的角色;从空间网格分布看,中美ICT产品贸易呈现出显著的正向空间溢出效应。

加入WTO以来中美经贸关系演变下的大豆贸易研究

中美大豆贸易是中美经贸的重要组成部分。自中国加入WTO以来,中美大豆贸易深受中美经贸关系变动影响。中美经贸关系常态化下,中美大豆贸易依存度较高,中国市场对美国大豆出口的重要性和稳定性不断加强。中美经贸摩擦期间,双边大豆贸易对中美经贸摩擦紧张程度作出即时反应,一定程度上重塑了世界大豆贸易格局,但中美经贸摩擦并没有改变中美大豆贸易紧密关系。中美经贸关系止跌企稳后,新兴大豆生产国短期内仍无法撼动美国对中国进口大豆贸易的重要地位。长期来看,巴西、阿根廷与美国出口大豆将互补式满足中国大豆需求。据此,中国应维护好与美国、新兴大豆生产国的关系,减少地缘政治风险与基建落户对大豆贸易的影响;积极拓展与“一带一路”沿线国和自贸区国家的伙伴关系,鼓励具有国际经验的大中型企业“走出去”;完善大豆产业政策,引导和调动国内农民大豆种植积极性,增强国内大豆生产能力。

“中美友好通商航海条约”清理的“外部性”问题

外交部条约委员会曾根据《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》第55条的规定,对1949年之前国民党政府签署的旧条约进行了清理。然而,清理结果并未正式对外公布,导致无论是国际法院还是美国政府等都认为“中美友好通商航海条约”这一旧条约依然“有效”。我国有必要尽快在法律上公开对此旧条约的清理程序,宣布此条约无效,并将清理结果告知国际法院,敦促国际法院适用1971年联合国大会第2758号决议,改变其对“中美友好通商航海条约”的既有立场。

法国能源自主危机与中法能源合作前景

美国凭借石油美元的霸权基础,在全球范围内建立了能源霸权和美元霸权,使其不但可以到处收割霸权红利,更是极力占据油气等重要能源供应渠道,从而对欧盟及其西方同盟国进行能源控制,迫使其按照美国的意志行事。随着乌克兰危机的升级欧洲天然气供应出现了严重危机,这也迫使欧洲各国对美国的能源依赖进一步增强。然而,法国的能源高度依赖核能,长期以来避免了美国的能源霸权干预。因此,法国也能在相当程度上保持独立自主的外交战略。但随着尼日尔、加蓬等国政变频发,法国廉价的铀矿供应出现断链风险,法国的核能安全已无法保障。长期来看,法国能源的独立自主恐将动摇,中美大国关系的关键“平衡木”也将岌岌可危。在此背景下,中法间加强能源合作,稳定中法能源安全和能源收益,不仅将成为中法共同诉求,也有利于拓展中国国家安全战略空间。