Research on the Relationship between British and American Cultural Differences and American Literature Comment

The influence of cultural differences by race and treat people with an understanding of the work will be carried out from different angles, which leads to the same people for a work of literary criticism. Expand article on the impact of cultural differences between British and American English and American literary criticism on this topic research, by the characteristics of English and American Literature and American Literature and commentary of the corresponding description. It is to analyze the impact of cultural differences on the Anglo-American literary criticism, so that people understand the culture differences in the importance of the influence of the Anglo-American literary criticism.

Cultural Relations With Vietnam-APEC： A Look at From the Past to the Future

Similar to the ancient Silk Route, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） today is essentially an economic, political, and cultural interchange that includes continental culture and sea culture in interrelated relations for internal social needs related to the subjects of the country and the region that represent the whole of the East and the West. The nature of the relationship is based on the principle of consensus, voluntary with the highest goal of economic prosperity on the basis of political harmony and socio-cultural development in the effective cooperation of the direct actors. Vietnam with its geographic and cultural features in Southeast Asia has had a certain relationship with the Silk Road in the past and with APEC in the present and in the future. From that angle of view, positive ideas can be found about the factors that contribute to the sustainable development of nations, the whole region in particular, and the whole world in general.

Relationships of growth and mortality to enzymatic activity,and the relative mRNA expression of cultured scallops Patinopecten yessoensis in the Yellow Sea, China

The bottom aquaculture of yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) has developed rapidly in the north of Yellow Sea, China, but not without accompanying productivity problems. We, therefore, conducted field surveys to investigate factors related to growth and mortality rates of bottom-cultured scallops after release. Specifically, we focused on the effects of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and three key enzymes involved in antioxidant and metabolic function:glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Across summer and winter, we also measured the relative mRNA expression of GPT and SOD to understand their seasonal variation in the scallops, along with how such variation correlated to growth and mortality. Results show that bottom cultured scallops experienced mass mortality during the first six months post-release. During winter (December), scallops grew more rapidly and suffered less mortality than in summer (August). The observed lower performance probably resulted from less advantageous environmental factors during the summer seasons, such as high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. These environmental stressors enhance protein consumption while decreasing energetic resources in scallops. Furthermore, scallops in summer exhibited high antioxidant levels that probably competed for energy with process integral to growth and survival. These negative factors combined to elevate mortality rates. In conclusion, we provided evidence suggesting correlations between metabolic/antioxidant activity and growth and mortality of bottom-cultured yesso scallops. These correlations implied us an accurate method to estimate the performance of bottom culture system. Suggestions about innovative aquaculture techniques were also discussed in the study. Our results might provide a possible guideline to the improvement of bottom culture techniques for this commercially valuable seafood species.

Motor competence and health-related fitness in children:A cross-cultural comparison between Portugal and the United States

Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S.children.Methods: Portuguese(n = 508; 10.14 § 2.13 years, mean § SD) and U.S.(n = 710; 9.48 § 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength(handgrip), locomotor skill performance(standing long jump), and object projection skill performance(throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups(6à9 and 10à13 years) for data analysis purposes. A twoàfactor oneàway analysis of covariance(ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed(km/h) as dependent variables.Results: Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance(standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.Conclusion: Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.

Medical Propaganda and Cultural Communication:The Establishment,Development,and Influence of the German Poliklinik in Chongqing(1906-1919)

At the beginning of the twentieth century,cultural policy became a central element of Germany’s expansionist foreign policy toward China.In this context,the German government had a Poliklinik established in Chongqing in 1906,intending to leverage“medical propaganda”to extend German influence.Despite these ambitions,the Poliklinik faced socio-political challenges and local resistance,which hindered its ability to fully realize the German government’s political objectives.By the time the Poliklinik ceased operations in 1919,it had not achieved the strategic impact anticipated by Berlin.However,the Poliklinik contributed significantly to fostering mutual understanding and facilitating cross-cultural communication in the medical field between China and Germany.Thus,while initially conceived as an instrument of Germany’s cultural policy,the actual social and cultural influence of the Poliklinik on Germany and China was rather constructive:it had not only enhanced the understanding of German medicine and culture among the Chinese people,but also promoted knowledge about Southwest China’s medical conditions among the German academic community.

Making Sense of Public Relations as Culture Policy

Culture is a process in which meaning is produced, distributed, consumed, materialised, re-produced infinitely and discussed with society. As meanings generally disperse extensively in different social groups through different associations, they display certain changes in time depending on their usage. Meanwhile, it is hard to define the public relations concept, because it may refer to different meanings even in the same culture. According to the assumptions pertaining to the public relations practices shaping the dominant discourse of the USA, language which produces certain cultural meanings also shapes the way we think and act. Thus, due to its ideological and discursive nature, public relations functions as a culture policy. Being an integral communication management configuring and directing the social sphere and the practices related to it, public relations refers to the concept of habitus introduced by Bourdieu inasmuch as habitus resides in the situations formed by actions that individuals learn throughout their lives. Culture policy; on the other hand, purports the effective participation of people in cultural life, their development in social, economic and cultural areas as well as the creation of convenient conditions to sustain it, which can be achieved with public relations practices. Public relations determines the culture policies in a society with regard to the structured discourses and actions and also acts as the mouthpiece of these policies. The purpose of public communication that is necessary for development and sustainability is to inform the public objectively in cultural, social, political and economic senses by obtaining feedback form them. For the purpose of administering sound public communication strategies in a society, public relations should direct the forms of public discourse. The purpose of this study is to put forth a critical evaluation based on the idea that for the realisation of effective and sensible communication policies in a society, the perception and practice public relations in that society should be regarded as a culture policy. According, this study focuses on whether or not public relations as culture policy serve the development of democracy and public sphere.

Preliminary Cultural Comparison of Animal-related Idioms in English and Chinese

Idiom contains distinctive cultural features and strong ethnic characters.There are a large amount of animal-related idioms in English and Chinese.Many of them have gradually gained their own cultural connotations with the development of the human society.This paper attempts to display the culture phenomena of the animal-related idioms in English and Chinese and analyze their similarities and differences in accordance with sociolinguistic and cognitive linguistic theories,which can arouse learners' interest in learning and understanding the language.

Paleosalinity in the Tianluoshan site and the correlation between the Hemudu culture and its environmental background

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral, boron, strontium, barium, after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site. The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results. The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before, during and after the Hemudu period. Based on previous researches, this paper also focuses on discussing several environmental elements, the inter-relationships between environmental condition, human activities and development of the Hemudu culture comprehensively.

A STUDY ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA BASED ON RELATIONAL DATABASES AND SPATIO-TE MPORAL SIMULATIONS OF CULTURE DIFFUSION

This paper presents a development o f the extended Cellular Automata9CA),based on relational databases(RDB),to model dynamic interactions amon g spatial objects.The integration o f Geographical Information System(GIS)and CA has the great advantage of simu lationg geographical processes.But standard CA has some restrictions i n cellular shape and neighbourhood and neighbour rules,which restrict the CA’ s ability to simulate complex,real world environ-ments.This paper discusses a cell’ s spatialrelationbasedonthe spatialobject’ s geometricalandmon -geometricalc haracter-istics,and extends the cell’ s neighbour definition,and considers that the cell’ s neighbour lies in the forms of not on ly spa-tial adjacency but also attribute co rrelation.This paper then puts forw ard that spatial relations between t wo different cells can be divided into three types,including spatial adjacency,neighbour hood and complicated separation.Ba sed on tradition-al ideas,it is impossible to settle CA’ s restrictions completely.RDB -based CA is an academic experiment,in which some fields ard desighed to describe the essential information needed to define and select a cell’ s neighbour.The culture innovation diffusion system has mul tiple forms of space diffusion and in herited characteristics that the RD B -based CA is capable of simulating more effectiv ely.Finally this paper details a successful case study on the diffusion o f fashion wear trends.Compared to the original CA,the RDB -based CA is a more natural and efficient representation of human k nowl-edge over space,and is an effective t ol in simulation complex systems that have multiple forms of spatial diff usion.

Crown Ratio and Relative Spacing Relationships for Loblolly Pine Plantations

Two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) culture/density studies were established in 1995-1998 across the Lower Coastal Plain and Upper Coastal Plain/Piedmont regions of the southern USA. Each installation contains 12 plots of loblolly pine planted at six levels of density from 741 to 4448 trees/ha in combination with two levels of cultural intensity, operational and intensive. The data from 37 viable installations were used to evaluate the crown ratio and relative spacing relationship of loblolly pine plantations. The effects of planting density, site quality, and cultural intensity on the relationship were investigated with a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The crown ratio and relative spacing relationship is exceedingly predictable. When loblolly pine plantation stands reached the average live crown ratio of 0.40, a critical point representing a generally acceptable level of tree vigor, the corresponding relative spacing index ranged from 0.11 to 0.20, mainly depending on initial planting density. The information about the crown ratio and relative spacing relationship would be useful for selecting the best intensity and timing of thinning.

Positivism and Variation： Literary Communication and Propagation at Heterogeneous Cultural Context

The study of the international literary relations in comparative literature includes not only the positivistic relations of different nations and different literary systems, but also the relations of variation among different literatures when it comes to the cross-civilization heterogeneity. Therefore, the positivistic approach and that of variation in the study of international literary relations constitute the two indispensable pillars in this field.

The Importance of Dress Etiquette in International Relations

In international communication,the image of a person in the international perspective is not only representing an individual,but also a country and a nation,so dressing etiquette is especially important in international relations.This paper analyzes the dress code of Peng Liyuan,the First Lady of China,when she visited other countries,and finds that good dress code can not only show the great power and enhance the national cultural confidence,but also convey the Chinese spirit to the world.

A Cultural Interpretation of Mother-Daughter Conflicts in The Joy Luck Club

Amy Tan's novel The Joy Luck Club describes the complex relation between four Chinese immigrant mothers and their daughters who are raised in America.It reveals different cultural connotation between China and America.Misunderstand ing,conflicts,communication and then understanding reflects the process of clash,communication and blending between East and West.In this novel,mother is the medium of national history and memory,the carrier of Chinese culture and the bridge of past and present.On the contrary,daughters are raised in America.They are influenced by American culture.Cultural difference is the main cause of their conflicts.

The inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on adriamycin induced acute cardiotoxicity in cultured myocardial cells

Objective: To observe the inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene--related peptide (CGRP) on adriamycininduced acute cardiotoxicity. Methods: Primarily cultured rat myocardial cells were treated with 10-6 mol/Ladriamycin and 10-6mol/L adriamycin + 10 8mol/I. CGRP. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ) activity in the mediumand the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA ). calcium. and magnesium in the myocardial cells were assayed.Results: In the adriamycin group, LDH activity in medium and calcium, MDA contents in myocardial cells weresignificantly increased compared with those in control group, and magnesium content in the myocardial cells wassignificantly reduced. In the adriamycin group. there was a positive correlation between LDH activity in themedium and MDA content in the myocardial cells. Meanwhile, in the adriamycin + CGRP group,- CGRP mightsignificantly reduce the leakage of LDH from myocardial cells, lessen the increase in calcium and MDA contentsand prevent the loss of magnesium. Conclusion: CGRP may inhibit adriamycin induced acute cardiotoxicity byinhibiting lipid peroxidation, attenuating calcium overload, magnesium loss, and protecting enzyme activity.

Cultural Variables and International Business

By analyzing a set of dynamic variables of culture, this paper reaches the conclusion that there is a link between successful global business and cultural awareness and sensitivity.

徐家汇的“外国人”:《中国通讯》(Relations de Chine)中逝者们的故事

上海徐家汇曾在近代中西文化交流史上拥有举足轻重的地位。作为中西文化交流的主体——徐家汇的外籍学者在其中扮演了重要角色。然而与之相对的是,目前学界对于这些外国人,尤其是他们来华之前的情况缺乏了解,不仅在描述和介绍中产生史实错误,而且由于只能将其置于法国侨民的背景之下进行考量,还产生了自相矛盾的评价。本文主要基于法语期刊《中国通讯》(1903—1940)中的讣告部分,对这些徐家汇的"外国人"生平,尤其是其来华之前以及刚来华在徐家汇的生活情况进行梳理。从中西文化交流的主体角度描述了这些外籍学者长期游离于母国侨民,以徐家汇为中心开展中西文化交流活动的历史史实,进一步体现出徐家汇在当时处于中西文化交流的中心地位。

共享文化价值研究——20世纪中美关系案例分析

共享文化价值区别于共同价值和个体价值,它指不同个人、国家、文化、民族、制度、意识和政党,现在与未来可以共享、共赏和共赢的特定文化价值观念,具有求同存异、对等适度、演化变量、良性实用和持续扩展五大特性。简要综述有关中西文化对立与合作的文献,阐释与对比中西方经典文献《论语》《圣经》,以及中西思想大师(亚里士多德、西塞罗、孟子、老子、朱熹和亚当·斯密等)的主要思想,有助于发现三大中西的共享文化价值:中、和、爱。而且,分析杜威访华(1919-1921年)、梅兰芳访美(1930年)和庄则栋访日(1971年)这三大学术、戏剧和体育的中外交流案例,能够验证中道、和合与友爱在中美关系发展进程中的历史作用。尽管杜威、梅兰芳和庄则栋当时所经历的客观环境、意识形态和政治制度不利于中美之间的交流与合作,但由于两国决策者明智、中道文化支持、民间力量推动以及当事人的胆识与努力,最后都以历史性的成功,给中美关系史留下传世的一页。事实证明,三大共享文化价值(中、和、爱)互相联系、相依相存,由中致和、由和致爱,显示走中道、行适度是中美双方合作的前提,也是寻求妥协、有效谈判、民主运作的根本。

艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲篮状菌病误诊分析

目的探讨播散性马尔尼菲篮状菌病的临床特征、诊疗方案,总结误诊原因与防范措施。方法回顾性分析2023年收治的1例艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲篮状菌病的临床资料。结果1例艾滋病患者先后以发热伴皮疹、腹痛伴淋巴结增大就诊,合并贫血、肺部病变、低蛋白血症、肝功能不全,分别误诊为水痘、淋巴瘤。入院后予淋巴组织病原微生物测序、延长血培养时间确诊为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染。误诊时间1月余。经过积极有效抗真菌治疗、调整高效抗逆转录病毒方案后治愈,预后良好。结论播散性马尔尼菲篮状菌病可累及全身多器官系统,临床表现缺乏特异性,容易造成误诊或漏诊,临床医生应加强对该病的认识,尽早明确病原学诊断,减少误诊,提高救治成功率。

Structural and functional damage to the hippocampal neurovascular unit in diabetes-related depression

Previous studies have shown that models of depression exhibit structural and functional changes to the neurovascular unit. Thus, we hypothesized that diabetes-related depression might be associated with damage to the hippocampal neurovascular unit. To test this hypothesis, neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells were isolated from the brain tissues of rat embryos and newborn rats. Hippocampal neurovascular unit co-cultures were produced using the Transwell chamber co-culture system. A model of diabetes-related depression was generated by adding 150 mM glucose and 200 μM corticosterone to the culture system and compared with the neuron + astrocyte and astrocyte + endothelial cell co-culture systems. Western blot assay was used to measure levels of structural proteins in the hippocampal neurovascular unit co-culture system. Levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, angiogenic factor 1, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, transforming growth factor β1, leukemia inhibitory factor and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal neurovascular unit co-culture system were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to assess neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal neurovascular unit. The neurovascular unit triple cell co-culture system had better barrier function and higher levels of structural and secretory proteins than the double cell co-culture systems. In comparison, in the model of diabetes-related depression, the neurovascular unit was damaged with decreased barrier function, poor structural integrity and impaired secretory function. Moreover, neuronal apoptosis was markedly increased, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were reduced. These results suggest that diabetes-related depression is associated with structural and functional damage to the neurovascular unit. Our findings provide a foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis of diabetes-related depression.