Construction of BDS Spatiotemporal Information Agricultural Product Digital Credit System

Spatiotemporal information,positioning and navigation services have become important elements of new type infrastructure.The rapid development of global digital trade provides a large-scale application scenario for the use of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)spatiotemporal information to support the certification of origin of agricultural products.The BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system uses such modules as BDS,spatiotemporal information collection,spatiotemporal coding,and spatiotemporal blockchain.It incorporates multi-level joint supervision mechanisms such as government,associations,and users.Starting from the initial production link of agricultural products,it realizes the correspondence and locking of online and offline products,effectively improves the integrity and credibility of information in the production process,finished product quality and circulation process of products,effectively manages the green production and anti-channel conflicts of producers,and provides credible information for consumers,thus realizing the digital credit certification of products.The successful practice of characteristic agricultural products in Yunnan Province has verified the application ability of the BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system.This system has played a significant role in promoting the online and offline locking,credible information,effective supervision and high quality and high price of characteristic agricultural products from the field.The BDS provides services for global digital trade and contributes to the further enhancement of the global application scale of GNSS.

Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of Trade Competitiveness of China's Agricultural Products

Based on the analysis of the indices of RCA and TSC of agricultural products in China,according to China Statistical Yearbook,China Rural Statistical Yearbook and data from database of The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations from 1996 to 2009,We select direct influencing factors and indirect influencing factors as reference as series of numbers,regard indices of RCA and TSC as index series of numbers of evaluation,and use grey correlation analysis method to conduct analysis and evaluation on influencing factors of trade competitiveness of China's agricultural products.The results show that due to different index calculation methods,the sequencing results of all factors are not wholly the same.But on the whole,in terms of transformation from cost advantage and price advantage into competition advantage,the ability of direct factors is strong,impacting significantly trade competitiveness of China's agricultural products,while the influencing effect of indirect factors is relatively weak.On the basis of this,we put forward the suggestions in order to improve trade competitiveness of China's agricultural products as follows:firstly,we should strengthen and perfect agricultural agriculture-support policy;secondly,we should promote foreign merchants’ direct investment level in agriculture;thirdly,we should deepen the processing ability of agricultural products and promote quality of agricultural products;fourthly,we should create good trade environment.

Empirical Research on E-commerce to Increase the Scale of Agricultural Products Trade: Taking Guangxi Hezhou Zhengfeng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. as an Example

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.The periodicity of agricultural product output and prices,the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers,and the inherent characteristics of small scale,high cost,and low profit have caused slow sales,which greatly hurt the enthusiasm of farmers to develop production and endanger social stability.Constructing an informationized and commercialized trading platform and an information sharing platform through e-commerce and establishing related systems and supervision mechanisms will help to promote the rapid growth of agricultural product sales.Research has shown that in the field of agricultural circulation,e-commerce has a significant effect on increasing the scale of agricultural trade.

Trade Barriers and Countermeasures for Export of China's Agricultural Products

At present,export of China's agricultural products is faced with many trade barriers,especially technological barriers.Trade barriers include(1)technological barriers(such as quarantine and inspection barrier,identity certification/authentication barrier and labeling rules barrier);(2)trade remedy barrier;(3)other non-tariff barriers(NTB).Through positioning and analysis of trade barriers of China's agricultural products,it is known that technological barriers should not be deemed unreasonable totally.Some barriers also have certain positive significance.To respond to trade barriers,it comes up with countermeasures and recommendations from the perspective of agricultural producers and government.Agricultural producers should actively improve product quality,abide by requirement of importers,and treat quarantine and inspection in a rational manner;government should supply information and issue early warning,assist domestic producers in responding to lawsuits,and take advantage of WTO platform to solve trade disputes.

Thinking on Promoting International Trade Competitive Advantage of Agricultural Products in Guangxi Based on CAFTA Framework

This paper analyzes the status quo and the existing problems of international trade development of agricultural products in Guangxi based on CAFTA framework as follows: the international trade of agricultural products in Guangxi shows a trend of rapid growth, but the structure of export products is simple; the distribution of export market is irrational; the export goods are mainly the resources-intensive goods and labor-intensive goods, with low added value of goods; the brand of agricultural products lacks strong overall international competitiveness. In the context of CAFTA framework, in order to foster the international trade competitive advantage of agricultural products in Guangxi, corresponding suggestions are put forward as follows: the structure of export market should change from the current simple status to diversified trend; the structure of export goods should gradually change from the current factor endowment to the orientation of international market demand; the agricultural production should change from the traditional agricultural products to advantageous complementary characteristic agricultural products; the trade structure should change from the land-intensive agricultural products to labor-intensive and technology-intensive agricultural products; the structure of merchandise trade should change from low-price vicious competition to high added-value competition; the governmental function should change from traditional one-way-direction-oriented function to modern integrated-service-and-supervision-oriented function that meets the requirements of export.

International Trade of Agricultural Products in the Context of "B&R" Initiative

At present,China's agricultural product trade is facing the development dilemma. The trade deficit is expanding,market and product structure is irrational,and the Chinese agriculture products often encounter trade barriers. " B&R" initiative provides a rare opportunity for the development of agricultural products in China. It is necessary to seize this opportunity to change idea and innovate upon mechanism so as to increase the added value of exported agricultural products through various channels. There is also a need to develop electronic commerce,and make full use of interconnectivity and trade facilitation in " B&R" initiative to develop the international trade of agricultural products.

Influences and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barrier on Export Trade of Chinese Agricultural Products

With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.

Changes in Net Barter Terms of Trade for Sino-Australian Agricultural Products after China's Accession to the WTO

Using " chain-based and constant-based" two-step method,this paper measured Paasche net barter terms of trade index for SinoAustralian agricultural products from 2001 to 2013,and further calculated contribution of each category of agricultural products to changes in overall net barter terms of trade. The results showed that since 2001,the overall net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products fluctuated between deterioration and improvement. In 2013,the net barter terms of trade index was 1. 02,and its improvement is not significant. From 2001 to 2013,the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products improved about 16. 44%,which dominated by the category 0 agricultural products whose influence degree is 6 times and 28 times the degree of category 4 and category 1. In years when the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products deteriorated,category 2 agricultural products were the root cause for the deterioration.

Study of Factors Influencing China-ASEAN Agricultural Product Trade Development in the Context of"the Belt and Road"

This paper reviewed and analyzed the current situations and influencing factors of the bilateral agricultural product trade development in China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA),which has important practical significance for promoting the in-depth development of the free trade area and has guiding significance for precise policy implementation.Based on the status of import and export trade of agricultural products in CAFTA from 2013 to 2017,it constructed a trade gravity model.With the aid of Stata 14.0 software,it explored major factors influencing the development of bilateral agricultural trade from the total amount of agricultural products import and export and Commodity Indexes for the Standard International Trade Classification,Revision 3(SITC Rev.3)agricultural product classification data.The empirical regression results show that the GDP of ASEAN countries,the ratio of agricultural added value to GDP,and the per capita gross national income(GNI)measured based on the purchasing power parity(PPP)exchange rate have the greatest impact on agricultural product trade in CAFTA in the context of"the Belt and Road"(B&D).Based on empirical research,it came up with recommendations including adjusting the import and export structure of agricultural products,enhancing product competitive advantages,and implementing diversified markets.

Research on the exports trade of Shandong agricultural products

This paper analyses the internal problems and external constraints against the further development of exports trade of Shandong agricultural products. The countermeasures in solving those problems and constraints are recommended to ensure a sustainable development of Shandong regional agricultural products exports.

The influence of green barrier on China＇s agricultural products trade and countermeasure analysis

With the change and development of modern international new situation, some of the more traditional tariff barriers declining, green barriers to trade with their own unique and distinct era characteristic become the mainstream of the development of international trade today. Along with the Western Europe in some developed countries protect their existing markets, with the name of environmental protection and green trade protection measures, construction of the green trade barriers, so in practice to a certain extent seriously hindered the of some agricultural products sales and foreign trade credits. In this paper, starting from the factors and characteristics of green barrier produces, analyzes the causes of the green trade barrier of positivity and negativity, and contact our country agricultural product export and the present situation of the green trade barrier causes, analysis the reason of the thwarted by the green trade barrier, the feasibility of the agricultural development status in China, and puts forward some operable countermeasures, in order to adapt to the new situation of the development of foreign trade of agricultural products in China and good circulation.

Development of Agricultural Products Trade between China and Four South Asian Countries--An Empirical Analysis Based on Trade Competitiveness and Complementarity

For the purpose of study,based on the data provided by the United Nations Comtrade Database in 2006-2016,and using the trade competitive advantage index,trade intensity index and trade complementarity index,this paper made an empirical analysis on the development of agricultural trade between China and four South Asian countries. The results show that the scale of agricultural trade between China and the four South Asian countries was further expanded,but the growth rate was stable and the trade share declined,but the development potential of both sides has not been fully explored. Generally,China's agricultural products remain at a relatively disadvantaged position. Trade competitiveness and complementarity coexist. There is a large development potential and cooperation space for agricultural products trade between China and four South Asian countries.

The trade margins of Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN and their determinants

How do Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations） evolve？ And what factors affected the evolution pattern？ This study measures the trade margins of Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN by utilizing the 2000-2015 Harmonized System＇s six-digit agricultural trade data, and further analyzes their determinants by developing an augmented gravity model of international trade. The results indicate that, the main growth source of Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN has shifted from the extensive margin before the formal establishment of CAFTA（China-ASEAN Free Trade Area） in 2010 to the intensive margin since the formal establishment of CAFTA, but changes in Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN have always mainly depended on the intensive margin. Since the formal establishment of CAFTA, the evolution pattern of Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN has shifted from ＂more varieties, low price, and small quantity＂ to ＂less varieties, high price, and large quantity＂. Relative economic scale, relative population scale, capacity of agricultural export, trade integration, global financial crisis, and common border significantly affect the trade margins of Chinese agricultural exports to ASEAN.

Production and trade trend of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries

In order to promote agricultural production and trade cooperation among BRICS countries,and ensure the security and stability of the oils and oilseeds industrial and supply chains in China and the world,the production,consumption,trade trend,and cooperation potential of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries were expounded,and relevant policy recommendations were put forward.Most of the BRICS countries are major agricultural producers,and they are also important agricultural product consumption markets in the world.In 2023/2024,the production and consumption of oilseeds in BRICS countries account for nearly half of the world's total;the production of vegetable oils exceeds a quarter of the world's total,and the consumption of vegetable oils accounts for 40%of the world's total.In 2023/2024,the import and export volume of oilseeds exceeds half of the world's total;vegetable oil imports account for 40%of the world's total,and exports account for about one tenth of the world's total.China's imports of oilseeds and oils from BRICS countries account for 68%and 29%of its global imports in 2023,respectively.BRICS countries are rich in agricultural land resources,have great potential for oils and oilseeds production,obvious complementary advantages in trade structure,and huge space for future cooperation.It is suggested that Brazil should be included in the"Belt and Road"co-construction category to promote the continuous deepening of agricultural cooperation between China and Brazil.It is suggested to explore regional agricultural trade agreements among BRICS countries,promote currency settlement and exchange among BRICS countries,and enhance the facilitation and stability of BRICS trade.It is suggested that China should increase its investment in BRICS countries and export advanced technology and management experience to benefit local agricultural development and achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation.

Evaluation of the Trading Website for Agricultural Products in China

Agricultural product trading website is not only an important way to realize the agriculture informatization,but also the main manifestation of the agricultural informatization. Based on the preliminary understanding of the content and characteristics of China's agricultural product trading website,the paper builds a scientific evaluation indicator system and evaluates 50 typical agricultural product trading websites objectively by using classification and grading method. The results show that the overall construction level of China's agricultural product trading websites is general,and there are obvious differences between regions; the lack of website commercial function and the lag of informatization are the main factors restricting the development of agricultural product trading websites.

Export competitiveness of agricultural products and agricultural sustainability in China

The competitiveness of a country’s agricultural products is not only related to its capacity to export agricultural products,but also to the sustainability of its agricultural sector.How to improve the international competitiveness of a country’s agricultural products while maintaining the sustainability of its agricultural sector is a practical problem of great urgency for a country with a large agricultural sector such as China.With this in mind,this study should have a considerable policy and practical significance.We used two evaluation indices,namely trade competitiveness(TC)index and revealed comparative advantage(RCA)index,to measure and analyze the international competitiveness of six China’s representative agricultural products,i.e.,live pigs,live chickens,live cattle,apples,tea,and beer,and to examine the changing trends of these products’competitiveness during 1994-2013.The results indicate that the export competitiveness of China’s agricultural products is weak and likely to deteriorate further.However,some traditional agricultural products with distinctive regional characteristics,for example,tea and live pigs,are relatively strong internationally.To this end,China should vigorously promote the production and foreign trade in traditional agricultural products with distinctive regional characteristics.At the same time,comprehensive measures should be taken to enhance the international competitiveness of disadvantaged agricultural products.

Influence of Sino-US Agricultural Trade on China’s Total Agricultural Output Value Based on Cointegration Model

According to the data of the total trade of agricultural products between China and the United States from 2009 to 2018 and the general description of agriculture in China,this paper adopts the method of econometric model to make a detailed analysis of the agricultural trade between China and the United States by using cointegration analysis,Granger causality test and error correction model in order to explore the impact of agricultural trade between China and the United States on China’s agricultural development. The results of empirical analysis show that there is a balanced relationship between the trade of agricultural products between China and the United States and the development of agriculture in China. The total trade of agricultural products between China and the United States affects the development of China’s agriculture.In addition,in the short term,if the short-term fluctuation deviates from the long-term equilibrium,then the error correction term will reverse it with strength of 0. 378,so that the non-equilibrium state will gradually return to the equilibrium state.

Research and Analysis of the Sino-US Agricultural Trade in Current Decade

China has a large population, so the supply of agricultural products is very essential, and agricultural trade plays an important role. According to the data from the United Nations’ commodity trade, the rate of agricultural products trade development between China and the United States is declining since 2012, and China has kept perennial trade disadvantage for a long period of time. In order to change the current trade situation, we must make in-depth analysis on the two countries’ agricultural products trade status and their characteristics, thus target to development of trade strategy. This paper first introduces the current imbalance situation of the agricultural trade between China and the United States, then analyzes the causes of trade imbalance and its impact. Finally, some relevant countermeasures are putting forward, such as expanding the scale of the economy and agriculture;narrowing the gap between international and domestic regions and improving the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Facilitating Trade in Organic Food Products： The Case of India and ASEAN

This paper discusses how India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries can increase their trade in organic food products. With rise in demand for organic food products globally, India and select ASEAN member countries have become key producers and exporters of organic food products. Trade in organic food products is governed by regulations, standards, certification and accreditation procedures, which enables differentiation of organic products from conventional products. Organic standards ensure premium price for the farmers and producers, while consumers are assured of authenticity of the product. Standards can act as a barrier to trade as regulations governing organic food products can vary across countries. Some countries are also in process of developing regulations. This paper discusses the role of different multilateral agencies in designing standards and how countries can address issues of difference in standards by signing unilateral and bilateral equivalence arrangements, trade agreements and harmonizing their standards within regional groups. It also discusses how India and ASEAN countries can align their domestic regulations in line with the global best practices so that they can sign equivalence arrangements to enhance their exports. The paper concludes that measures such as coming up with a comprehensive definition of ＂organic＂, having a uniform standard for organic products encompassing domestic market and trade, having a single nodal agency for both domestic market and exports, developing organic clusters and reducing the cost of third-party certification will help enhance trade in India and ASEAN, and enable these countries to access third country markets.

Analyzing the Influence of TBT on Chinese Agricultural and Food Exports

Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） have become an important obstacle to the export of Chinese agricultural products. This paper illustrates the characteristics of TBT and measures their influence on the export of Chinese agricultural products and food. In conclusion, some countermeasures are discussed for China responding to TBT.