Power Optimization Cooperative Control Strategy for Flexible Fast Interconnection Device with Energy Storage

With the wide application of renewable energy power generation technology,the distribution network presents the characteristics of multi-source and complex structure.There are potential risks in the stability of power system,and the problem of power quality is becoming more and more serious.This paper studies and proposes a power optimization cooperative control strategy for flexible fast interconnection device with energy storage,which combines the flexible interconnection technology with the energy storage device.The primary technology is to regulate the active and reactive power of the converter.By comparing the actual power value of the converter with the reference value,the proportional integral(PI)controller is used for correction,and the current components of d and q axes are obtained and input to the converter as the reference value of the current inner loop.The control strategy in this paper can realize power mutual aid between feeders,and at the same time,the energy storage device can provide or absorb a certain amount of power for feeders,so that the power grid can realize stable operation in a certain range.

Trading platform for cooperation and sharing based on blockchain within multi-agent energy internet

With the release of the electricity sales side,large-scale small-capacity distributed power generation units are connected to the distribution side,forming multi-type market entities such as microgrids,integrated energy systems,and virtual power plants.With the large-scale integration of distributed energy,the energy market under the energy internet is different from a traditional transmission grid.It is currently developing in the direction of diversified entities and commodities,a flat structure,and a flexible and competitive multi-agent market mechanism.In this context,this study analyzes the value of combining blockchain and the electricity market presents the design of a blockchain trading framework for multi-agent cooperation and sharing of the energy internet.The nodes in market transactions are modeled through power system modeling in the physical layer and the transaction consensus strategy in the cyber layer;moreover,the nodes are verified in a modified IEEE 13 testing feeder of a distribution network.A transaction example is demonstrated using the multi-agent cooperation and sharing transaction platform based on the Ethereum private blockchain.

Quantum fireworks algorithm for optimal cooperation mechanism of energy harvesting cognitive radio

For acquiring high energy efficiency and the maximal throughput, a new time slot structure is designed for energy harvesting(EH) cognitive radio(CR). Considering the CR system with EH and cooperative relay, a best cooperative mechanism(BCM)is proposed for CR with EH. To get the optimal estimation performance, a quantum fireworks algorithm(QFA) is designed to resolve the difficulties of maximal throughput and EH, and the proposed cooperative mechanism is called as QFA-BCM. The proposed QFA combines the advantages of quantum computation theory with the fireworks algorithm(FA). Thus the QFA is able to obtain the optimal solution and its convergence performance is proved. By using the new cooperation mechanism and computing algorithm, the proposed QFA-BCM method can achieve comparable maximal throughput in the new timeslot structure. Simulation results have proved that the QFA-BCM method is superior to previous non-cooperative and cooperative mechanisms.

Current energy crisis and its economic and environmental consequences: Intense human cooperation

In this paper, the evolution of the energy use by human society is discussed, relating the energy, environmental and economic crisis, which appear to be closely linked. With the widespread use of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution, a major environmental problem was generated: the climate changes. The economic consequences of climate changes are discussed in Stern (2006). Possible solutions to confront climate change are presented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (2007). Some of these solutions are based on technological development, while others do not directly depend on the technology (paradigm shifts). Faced with the needs of a new paradigm suggested by the IPCC, the recent concept of sustainable triangular cells (2012) was introduced. The geometric representation of triangular cells, which can be linked to form a regular hexagon, is used to demonstrate a sustainable society, where human cooperation prevails. This model is in line with one of the pillars of the Third Industrial Revolution, indicated by Rifkin, where an intense collaboration between individuals in human society is suggested.

Research on the cooperative train control method in the metro system for energy saving

Purpose–To address the problem that the current train operation mode that train selects one of several offline pre-generated control schemes before the departure and operates following the scheme after the departure,energy-saving performance of the whole metro system cannot be guaranteed.Design/methodology/approach–A cooperative train control framework is formulated to regulate a novel train operation mode.The classic train four-phase control strategy is improved for generating specific energy-efficient control schemes for each train.An improved brute force(BF)algorithm with a two-layer searching idea is designed to solve the optimisation model of energy-efficient train control schemes.Findings–Case studies on the actual metro line in Guangzhou,China verify the effectiveness of the proposed train control methods compared with four-phase control strategy under different kinds of train operation scenarios and calculation parameters.The verification on the computation efficiency as well as accuracy of the proposed algorithm indicates that it meets the requirement of online optimisation.Originality/value–Most existing studies optimised energy-efficient train timetable or train control strategies through an offline process,which has a defect in coping with the disturbance or delays effectively and promptly during real-time train operation.This paper studies an online optimisation of cooperative train control based on the rolling optimisation idea,where energy-efficient train operation can be realised once train running time is determined,thus mitigating the impact of unpredictable operation situations on the energy-saving performance of trains.

China International Energy Cooperation:New Era,New Opportunities

On January 18,“China International Energy Cooperation Forum 2018:New Era,New Opportunities,New Vision and New Ideas”was successfully held on the campus of its organizer Renmin University of China.This forum received strong support from dozens of domestic and foreign research institutes,including the Renewable Energy Professional Committee of China Energy Research Society,Resource and Environmental Policy Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council,the International Energy Research Institute of the International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission,the CNPC Economics and Technological Research Institute,and the Center on Global Energy Policy of Columbia University.The forum was divided into four parts in two sessions of“Report Release”and“Expert Discussion”.Active and warm discussions were conducted around four topics:“The Position and Role of China in Global Energy Governance”,“The Potential Risks and Their Aversion in China’s International Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative”,“How Can Chinese Energy Companies Enhance Their Global Competitiveness”,and“How to Increase the Safety of Overseas Interests in China’s Foreign Energy Investments”.The discussions were unanimously acknowledged by the

Layered Coded Cache Placement and Cooperative Delivery with Sharing Links in Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks

Cooperative utilization of multidimensional resources including cache, power and spectrum in satellite-terrestrial integrated networks(STINs) can provide a feasible approach for massive streaming media content delivery over the seamless global coverage area. However, the on-board supportable resources of a single satellite are extremely limited and lack of interaction with others. In this paper, we design a network model with two-layered cache deployment, i.e., satellite layer and ground base station layer, and two types of sharing links, i.e., terrestrial-satellite sharing(TSS) links and inter-satellite sharing(ISS) links, to enhance the capability of cooperative delivery over STINs. Thus, we use rateless codes for the content divided-packet transmission, and derive the total energy efficiency(EE) in the whole transmission procedure, which is defined as the ratio of traffic offloading and energy consumption. We formulate two optimization problems about maximizing EE in different sharing scenarios(only TSS and TSS-ISS),and propose two optimized algorithms to obtain the optimal content placement matrixes, respectively.Simulation results demonstrate that, enabling sharing links with optimized cache placement have more than 2 times improvement of EE performance than other traditional placement schemes. Particularly, TSS-ISS schemes have the higher EE performance than only TSS schemes under the conditions of enough number of satellites and smaller inter-satellite distances.

Study on the Risk of Regional Energy Security Cooperation

Energy security is an issue that many countries pay more attention to. Cooperation is a good way to solute it. According to the complex system theory, the regional energy cooperation means a state or process of balance system formed by the interaction and behavior coordination between agents. The features of the regional energy cooperation risk include: uncertainty, potential, fuzziness, diversity, relevance and particularity. And the regional energy cooperation risk can be divided into risk inside the system such as main body ability structure of the risk and main body decision-making risk, and the risk outside the system such as external environment factors and cooperation pattern factors.

Development of the Arctic reindeer industry from the perspective of Sino-Russian green biomanufacturing cooperation

Russia’s reindeer population accounts for two thirds of the world’s total.There is a strong and resilient population of reindeer on the tundra,and reindeer herders inherit and transmit the unique culture of the north.Reindeer products have become the subject of innovative developments in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare products industry owing to their unique raw material properties.Because deer antlers and blood are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine,significant quantities of Arctic reindeer products are likely to be sold in China.Strengthening understanding of the Russian Arctic reindeer industry will help Chinese companies invest in the Russian Arctic,promote Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation on green biomanufacturing,and lead to the development of new products that promote human health.

Belt and Road Initiative and China’s International Energy Cooperation

In terms of energy supply, the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated China’s international cooperation and has shaped, via that cooperation, the focus upon clean energy and low-carbon innovation.Under the Belt and Road framework, the market will play an increased role as multilateral organizations engage in new models of international energy cooperation. As the largest energy consumer and public goods provider, China’s transition in energy cooperation will profoundly impact regional energy security and development. The economic growth of partners will also enhance results.

China-Australia Minerals and Energy Cooperation:Status Quo,New Features and Suggestions

Minerals and resources trade and investment play a pivotal role in economic and trade relations between China and Australia.In recent years,although China-Australia political relations have been at a low point,China?Australia minerals and energy cooperation has exhibited a different trend to that of political relations,and also from the engagement during previous periods.Minerals and energy trade has increased steadily,while investment is becoming more difficult,particularly for large projects.There has been a clear green transition in trade and investment in this functional area,and uncertainty has increased due to the influence of factors such as the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the shale gas revolution and China-US trade disputes.Because this is one of the pillars for economic growth for both countries,and for their trade and investment ties,and because of the importance of low-carbon transition,the free trade system,and global and regional governance,minerals and energy cooperation can serve as a platform for improving and promoting bilateral relations.It has been suggested that China should seize the opportunity to improve bilateral relations by deepening two-way investment,joining hands with Australia on developing more products in more areas,and with new cooperation models.This research will be significant for understanding the status quo of China-Australia cooperation in minerals and energy,and for improving bilateral relations,and even international energy governance.

Competition vs cooperation:renewable energy investment under cap-and-trade mechanisms

This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM,in both competitive and cooperative markets,and they will invest more in a competitive market than in a cooperative market,under either GM or BM.Furthermore,utility firms will produce more electricity and generate more total carbon emissions under BM than under GM.The profits of two firms,however,are higher in cooperative market than in competitive market.The government will benefit from implementing a BM to encourage utility firms to invest in renewable energy in a competing market.

Energy Cooperation along the Belt and Road: Status-quo, Problems and Suggestions

The "Belt and Road Initiative"was proposed by China in order to deepen international cooperation. The promotion of this initiative will have a positive and far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of China's economy.Energy cooperation has become an important part of China's opening up to the outside world. It is of great sign^cance in safeguarding national security,ensuring stable supply of energy,improving China's rights of speech in international energy markets,and helping China's energy companies to "go global".So far, energy cooperation along the Belt and Road has achieved a good start.Oil and gas companies such as CNPC and Sinopec have moved very fast in overseas cooperation,and new energy companies are actively following up.In order to achieve practical results in China's energy cooperation,this paper analyzesseveral problems and puts forward policy proposals.

Expected Benefits and Potential Risks of Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the "Belt and Road"Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the "Belt and Road".Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road"has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market,contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.

Cooperation in Energy Trade under the Belt and Road Initiative

Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the Belt and Road.Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the Belt and Road has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market, contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.

Energy Cooperation between BRICS Countries(Ⅱ)

The economic rise of the BRICS countries(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is closely tied to global energy politics and their increased consumption of global energy. Energy cooperation is one of the main forces behind the development of BRICS. Looking forward, energy concerns will undoubtedly remain an important influencing force for the BRICS, shaping their domestic politics and international relations. The pursuit of oil and gas(China, India, and South Africa) to support economic development and the search for stable petroleum markets(Brazil and Russia) have shaped BRICS relations with other countries and regions. This article is trying to elaborate on the reasons why BRICS Energy cooperation is beneficial for its members; also, this article regards the main challenges hindering cooperation, analyzes BRICS energy cooperation through the use of SWOT analysis and muses potential strategic points for BRICS countries up until 2050.

Cooperation Cements Sino-Russian Relations

At the first "no-necktie" summit held between China and Russia in November1998, the two heads of state coordinated their stands on their bilateral relationsas well as the basic trend of the world development at the turn of the century andreached a consensus on the prospect of promoting the long-term strategy of mutualcooperation. Agreement was also produced on a series of major international issues,such as advancement of multi-polarization, advantages and disadvantages of eco-

Giving Play to the Leading Role of Energy Cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative

Over the past two decades, as the main battlefield of China's international energy cooperation, countries along the Belt and Road have had good foundations in the foreign investment. Through China's efforts to build the Belt and Road, energy cooperation has enjoyed first-mover advantages. Looking ahead, the countries along the Belt and Road are predicted to enjoy a promising future in energy cooperation because of their abundant energy resources, their role as complements to China's economic development, and their vast amounts of cooperation potential. At the same time, we are also keenly aware that there are a number of risks caused by geopolitics, policy changes, price fluctuations and legal compliance in energy cooperation among the countries along the Belt and Road. Moreover, it is urgent for Chinese enterprises to enhance their international capabilities. In this context, it is necessary to further maintain and make full use of their first-mover advantages and play a guiding and demonstrating role. Enterprises should actively adapt to new changes, while the government should make progress in policy coordination, facility connectivity, unimpeded trade, financed integration and people-to-people bonds, so as to keep deepening international energy cooperation and to build an energy silk road and a community with a shared future for energy.

Energy Cooperation between BRICS Countries(Ⅰ)

The economic rise of the BRICS countries(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is closely tied to global energy politics and their increased consumption of global energy. Energy cooperation is one of the main forces behind the development of BRICS. Looking forward, energy concerns will undoubtedly remain an important influencing force for the BRICS, shaping their domestic politics and international relations. The pursuit of oil and gas(China, India, and South Africa) to support economic development and the search for stable petroleum markets(Brazil and Russia) have shaped BRICS relations with other countries and regions. This article is trying to elaborate on the reasons why BRICS Energy cooperation is beneficial for its members; also, this article regards the main challenges hindering cooperation, analyzes BRICS energy cooperation through the use of SWOT analysis and muses potential strategic points for BRICS countries up until 2050.

Strategy of Xinjiang-Central Asia Energy Cooperation in Silk Road Economic Belt

The Silk Road Economic Belt is the updated version of regional economy and trade cooperation. It focuses on cooperation and development in energy, providing broad connotation and denotation and space for XinjiangCentral Asia to cooperate with each other in energy. Although it has bright prospect, the energy cooperation will still be restricted by the complex environment of Central Asia and the internal factors of Xinjiang, such as its unique economic model and industrial structure. Thus, in order to realize mutually beneficial cooperation, which is the common target of Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang and Central Asia need to strengthen energy dialogue and expand the energy diplomacy, promote the construction process of Xinjiang energy strategy base, establish and perfect the information platform of Central Asia energy cooperation.