在片S参数计量比对结果浅析

中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所作为主导实验室开展了在片S参数计量比对工作,对参比实验室提交的在片S参数测量结果进行了汇总分析,并用E_n值对各参比实验室测量结果进行了评价。通过在片S参数计量比对,确保了量值传递的准确、可靠,特别是对在片S参数测量不确定度的主要来源统一了认识。同时也为业内提供了在片S参数测量一致性的比较平台。

Enigma of Exam-oriented Education in China:A comparison on Sino-U.S.Educational Concepts in Higher Education

College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have brought forward several ap proaches to solve this problem but little has been changed due to the cultural influences.This paper analyzes the roots of examoriented education system in China in perspective of culture by comparing the Sino-U.S.cultural elements in depth in tradition al culture,learning and teaching motivation,teacher-student relationship and learners'engagement in class.This paper finally poses two suggestions on how to change the current situation gradually:(1) Focus on the washback of evaluation system on edu cational concepts.(2) Transform the product-evaluation to process-evaluation gradually by standardizing the current evaluation approaches,especially the standards of process-evaluation.

2022年9月泸定M_(S)6.8地震与花莲M_(S)6.9地震震害对比分析

2022年9月,我国发生2次6级以上地震,分别为四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震和台湾花莲M_(S)6.9地震。对比分析2次地震震害情况,总结地震造成的人员伤亡情况及对建筑物、基础设施等的影响,剖析震害差异原因,并从中总结提高地震灾害防御能力的启示,以期为未来地震灾害的快速判定、地震现场烈度评定及损失评估、应急响应决策等提供参考。

The Comparison and Contrast of Skopostheorie and Baker's Equivalence Translation Approach

Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker's translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.

Photodynamic therapy vs radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's dysplasia: Efficacy,safety and cost-comparison

AIM:To compare effectiveness,safety,and cost of photodynamic therapy(PDT)and radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in treatment of Barrett’s dysplasia(BD).METHODS:Consecutive case series of patients undergoing either PDT or RFA treatment at single center by a single investigator were compared.Thirty-three patients with high-grade dysplasia(HGD)had treatment with porfimer sodium photosensitzer and 630 nm laser(130 J/cm),with maximum of 3 treatment sessions.Fifty-three patients with BD(47 with low-grade dysplasia-LGD,6 with HGD)had step-wise circumferential and focal ablation using the HALO system with maximum of 4 treatment sessions.Both groups received proton pump inhibitors twice daily.Endoscopic biopsies were acquired at 2 and 12 mo after enrollment,with 4-quadrant biopsies every 1 cm of the original BE extent.A complete histological resolution response of BD(CR-D)was defined as all biopsies at the last endoscopy session negative for BD.Fisher’s exact test was used to assess differences between the two study groups for primary outcomes.For all outcomes,a two-sided P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS:Thirty(91%)PDT patients and 39(74%)RFA were men(P=0.05).The mean age was 70.7±12.2 and 65.4±12.7(P=0.10)year and mean length of BE was 5.4±3.2 cm and 5.7±3.2 cm(P=0.53)for PDT and RFA patients,respectively.The CR-D was(18/33)54.5%with PDT vs(47/53)88.7%with RFA(P=0.001).One patient with PDT had an esophageal perforation and was managed with non-surgical measures and no perforation was seen with RFA.PDT was five times more costly than RFA at our institution.The two groups were not randomized and had different BD grading are the limitations of the study.CONCLUSION:In our experience,RFA had higher rate of CR-D without any serious adverse events and was less costly than PDT for endoscopic treatment of BD.

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

Cloning and Homology Comparison of S Gene for Isolate TH-98 of Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus

TH-98 isolate of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was propagated and harvested on swine testicle (ST) monolayer cell. Two pairs of primers were designed to amplify S gene by RT-PCR according to the published sequence of TGEV'S gene cDNA with Oligo version 4.1 and DNasis software. The products of PCR were named Sa and Sb, of 2.3 kb and 2.1 kb respectively. Sa was inserted in EcoR I and Kpn I sites after Sb was cloned in Kpn I and Pst I multiple cloning sites of the same pUC18 plasmid. The recombinant pUC-S plasmid was identified and analyzed by corresponding restriction endonuclease and nested PCR on the basis of the genetic sites of S gene and pUC18 plasmid, which was identified as S gene of TGEV. Recombinant pUC-S was sequenced and analyzed in comparison with the other strains. Gene sequence comparison indicated that TH-98 shared 99, 97, 98, 97 and 94% identities with Purdue-115(US), Miller(US), TO14(Japan), FS772(British), 96-1933(British), respectively, their deduced amino acid homology was 99, 97, 97, 96 and 93% correspondingly. In addition, the analysis report verified that pUC-S owned a complete open reading frame (ORF) including initiation codon, signal sequences, remaining sequences and termination codon as well. Therefore, the results affirmed that S gene of TGEV TH-98 was extremely conservative.

中美人工智能技术创新的动态比较——基于人工智能技术创新大数据的多S曲线模型分析

基于基础研究、技术创新、科技布局、产业规模与技术进步5个维度人工智能技术创新大数据,创新性地构建了人工智能技术创新发展水平多指标测度体系及技术创新综合发展指数;根据技术创新综合发展指数,拟合绘制出人工智能技术创新周期S演化曲线,较为准确定位了中美人工智能技术创新发展所处位置;由5个维度在技术不同发展阶段的权重分布动态,比较出中美新技术之间的创新发展差距,分析影响中国人工智能新技术创新发展的主要因素。研究发现,美国日本等世界主要发达国家的人工智能技术已步入创新成熟期,中国正处于创新成长期后期,技术创新十分活跃;借助于后发优势,中国人工智能技术创新逐年综合发展指数已超过美国,展现出非常强劲的增长态势。为赢得未来人工智能技术创新竞争的胜利,中国应在人工智能技术创新体制和技术创新资源配置机制等方面不断完善,确保中国人工智能技术创新中长期的领先地位。

Fulbright Program: A Bright Facet of Sino-U.S. People-to-People Exchange

In the history of Chinese-American people-to-people exchange,the implementation of the China-U.S.Fulbright Program is surely a bright facet which should not be ignored.This program has been cultivating talents in the fields of social sciences and humanities for the two countries,promoting Sino-U.S.communications in the domains of education,academia and culture,and propelling the diffusion and advance of both Chinese and American cultures.The Fulbright Program in China still has certain limitations waiting to be improved,and one obvious problem is its coverage in China.To solve this problem,more Chinese higher education institutions should be included in the China-U.S.Fulbright Program,and the result would be the generation of immeasurable value for the prosperity of Sino-American people-to-people exchange and therefore the construction of the new model of major country relations between China and the United States.

Bush' s China Policy and the Future of Sino-U.S.Relations

The past two years have witnessed great fluctuations ininternational oil prices,and diplomatic efforts,both above andunder the table,by major powers around this issue.The currenttension in the war-threatened Iraq has added more uncertainties to thefuture world oil situation.Will the world oil supply and demand change?What impact would this exert on big powers’ oil strategy choices,geopolitics as well as world economy?What should China do in such asituation?To find the answers to these questions,at the invitation of theeditor of the Contemporary International Relations,seven experts fromChina Institute of Contemporary International Relations gathered to have adiscussion in early February this year.Naturally,they have differentviews over many issues.Still,we hope our readers would find theirdiscussion interesting.Following is the list of participants.

China's WTO Entry Helps Sino-US Ties

China applied for restoration of its status as the GATT founding member in1986. The country has made great endeavor in reducing customs duties, removing non-tariff barriers, enhancing protection of intellectual property rights andservice trades, launching reform of the foreign trade regime, eliminating trade bar-riers and improving environment for foreign investment. Over the past 14 years,China has taken part in 26 relevant multilateral meetings and hundreds of bilateralnegotiations.

Frugality and overspending:sources of Sino-U.S.economic imbalances

Savings rates are the biggest difference in the economic structures of China and the United States,the two most important countries in today’s global economy.China has the highest savings rate of any major country,while the United States,at the other end of the spectrum, has the lowest.This paper discusses the origin of this contrast and its far-reaching implications for two-way economic and trade ties.

New Sino-US Strategic Gambling and China’s Strategy

Since confidence is fading and anxiety is increasing in the US,America’s China policy has become more radical. In the short term, the US has the upper hand and China is in a relatively passive position. In the medium-and long-term, there will be more balance between them. This current strategic gambling between China and the US will be the major issue of international politics in the first half of the 21 st century and the most prominent external challenge China faces. China needs to make strategic adjustments but the gamble may be worthwhile in correcting imbalance in the international order and in the co-evolution of the two countries.

Public-Private Partnerships to Address Global Environmental Problem： Sino-US Cooperation on Climate Change and Energy

The study indicates that public-private partnerships （PPPs） can play ＂strategic＂, ＂practical＂, or ＂regulative＂ roles by making use of ＂instrumental＂, ＂institutional＂, and ＂normative＂ approaches in tackling political issues between countries. PPPs have often been discussed in studies of urban development, service provision, health care, and so on, but they have rarely been analyzed in terms of international relations and political problems on global environmental issues. This study takes an environmental problena---Sino-US energy and climate change cooperation--as a case study to inspect the possible roles and approaches of PPPs. Sino-US cooperation has been launched such as under the Strategic ＆ Economic Dialogue （S＆ED） by both administrations, which has significantly contributed to their reconciliation of domestic abatement policies in climate change, environmental protection, and energy. The establishment of schemes such as the Ten-Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment （TYF）, the EcoPartnerships, and wide-ranging dialogues and initiatives on clean energy and clean vehicles, in which both public and private actors participate, are among the important approaches of facilitating bilateral cooperation. The study concludes that these schemes have played strategic and practical roles in strengthening the degree of mutual trust and in facilitating the progress of cooperation, although more investigations are needed to considerate their regulative roles. The application of instrumental, institutional, and normative approaches have been observed through the implementation of the TYF and EcoPartnerships.

SINO-U.S.RELATIONS:AT A NEW CROSSROADS?

In recent months,Sino-American relations have been experiencing sort of an-other round of tensions,which have raised new concerns from both sides,al-though the optimism and hope for further development built up after a major break-through last summer still persist,especially at working levels.For those who knowthe history of Sino-American relations through the last two decades,the